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The term internationalization has been mainly used to show the expansion of economic activities of firms outside of their home country where they aim at capturing a bigger market. The Central and Eastern Europe region has gone through a process of market transition over the past few decades, yet the business internationalization process has played an important role in the states' economies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the firm internationalization process in the new member states and the Western Balkans countries and gain a better understanding of the process and its course over time. Due to different geopolitical circumstances, the Western Balkan countries did not attract as many investors as much as the EU member states in CEE did that have had a constant flow of investments once they were members of the EU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the actual context of economic globalization, the competitiveness has a crucial importance for all the countries. But due to which factors and to what extent takes place the creation and improvement of it? This paper traces the role of the private sector in creating and sustaining international competitiveness, it summarizes three determinants of international competitiveness (productivity, innovation and clusters) and traces their impact on it. The main argument of this paper is that these three determinants developed at the microeconomic level play an important role for country's competitiveness due to their creation as a result of quality activities which take place in firms. At the same time, they are goals for a firm in its pursue for high profits and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2007, the European Union launched a targeted Strategy for Central Asia, as a continuation of the efforts to improve the relations with the five post-soviet republics. The adoption in 2019 of a new EU Strategy for Central Asia offers the opportunity to include in the new strategic framework the lessons learned during the past decade of promoting the EU influence in the region, besides promoting measures to strengthen EU's global posture. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the capacity of the EU to mobilise resources for its foreign policy goals, specifically in relation with Central Asia. In examining this idea, I will use the framework offered by the neoclassical realist theory, mainly because in relation to some foreign policy objectives, the EU can be assimilated to a state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present an important phenomenon of our world, namely the contradictory relationship between globalization and cultural identity. In this work identity is understood as a cultural practice therefore it cannot be analyzed without taking into account global communication and diversity. The multidimensional transformation of our society in the XXI century is marked by increased interconnectivity and affirmation of singular identities. These identities come in constant tension with the context in which the existing political forms that are in crisis and the restructuring processes through new projects are struggling to set up a new society. Globalization versus cultural identity it's not a zero-sum game even though the two might be perceived as opposite processes this paper argue that it globalization cultural identity can go hand in hand with globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the actual context of economic globalization, tax havens represent a significant obstacle for global governments seeking to increase their fiscal incomes and a source of polarization of income and wealth. Statistics reports showed that tax havens hold at least $10 trillion in assets, money generally controlled and hidden by major players from the political and financial areas, as well as from criminal ones. The paper introduces the present situation of European tax havens, with the major poles of action. The conclusion finds the real efforts of international bodies such as OECD, to interdict opportunities to avoid taxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current economic crisis constitutes a serious test for the process of globalization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the current global crisis on economic globalization. To assess the impact of the current crisis on economic globalization, this paper examines the KOF Index of Globalization, before and during the crisis. The findings generally support the idea that economic globalization has been, in fact, weakened, after the onset of the current crisis. However, there is evidence that suggest that economic globalization has resumed the upward trend that characterized it before the crisis. Despite the fact the global crisis has shaken the process of globalization, we cannot talk of an end of globalization, as some predictions have indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to disseminate the impact of globalization on the nation-state throughout the history. The research objective consists in the reviewing of the assertion of the globalization phenomenon and the conflicts it stirred at the national level by reasons related to cultural, economic, social or political issues. The analysis will be conducted by two antagonistic positions: an optimistic view according to which globalization has a positive effect overall and a pessimistic one under which globalization causes the decline of the nation-state. The main findings will show that nationalism is not doomed to disappear, but instead it will adapt over time and will steal from the benefits globalization brings everything that culturally, politically, socially, or economically suits to a certain nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalizing processes have profoundly shaped the European drugs situation. The illegal drug markets have reached to evolve and to transform all the advantages of this phenomenon, in their favor. Based on globalization aspects, the paper purpose is to present the main characteristics of illicit drugs market within European countries, from the last years. Furthermore the article is focused on the analysis of theoretical and empirical drugs literature, especially on the current reports and studies of EMCDDA and UNODC, which indicated certain drug sectors. Due to its richness, position and high demand of illegal drugs, Europe is viewed by criminal organizations as a transit area for heroin, cocaine, cannabis and synthetic drugs, and a big customer which continued to sustain this profitable enterprise, over the last decades. Regarding the drug problem, the governance needs to be reframed and to take account of economical, social and moral character. The simple connection of illegal drug markets with globalization, gives the originality note of the paper, which leads to some important new insights for future research and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, international relationships have always witnessed the forming of alliances, bilateral agreements, mutual treaties, conventions, partnerships or founding organizations. All these agreements have lasted as long as all the actors involved have shared a common interest, but during conflictual periods they have been reduced to simple sheets of paper. Certainly, the very same states have, again and again, been both 'friends' and 'enemies' because in international relations "nations have no permanent friends or allies, they only have permanent interests."1 Thus, in a world of growing interdependence and continuous change, globalization will not turn this world into a flat one, nor will it bring history to an end. On the contrary, it will generate new threats and will make differences more obvious and more striking. Moreover, the events that have taken place during the last few years clearly point this out. Starting with the 2013 Summit in Vilnius, the European Neighbourhood Policy and the Eastern Partnership, in particular, have brought about major direct changes in Eastern Europe and indirect ones in Bruxelles, culminating in territorial changes in the immediate proximity of Romania. Taking into account both its significant geopolitical and geostrategic location and its membership to the European Union, Romania finds itself, as always, at a crossroads. In this context, the present paper aims at determining the role the European Union plays in Romania's relationship with Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Trust" is a versatile instrument which is suitable for a great variety of purposes. Many scholars believe, that the original form of this institution appeared in common law, while in the 20th century the process of globalization stipulated the "internationalization" of the trust mechanism. The starting point of this process was the conclusion of the Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Trusts and on their Recognition. Initially, the civil law jurisdictions were unable to adopt "trust" structure in which common-law power and equity power belonged to separate entities. Despite this fact, in the recent years, trust-like devices have been introduced in certain economic-juridical systems of Europe. Their rapid implementation raised the question of the establishment of innovative policies. This paper will discuss the latest achievements and existing challenges based on the example of the German juridical-economic system. The aim is to make useful proposals for the successful planning of the European entrusting processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much discussed and analyzed globalization is a multidimensional and complex process having today a significant magnitude as compared to the past, manifested through various forms of internationalization of production, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows, transnational corporations (TNCs), technology transfers, capital movements, migration flows, amplifying competition between investors and the connections between markets. The complexity phenomenon of globalization contributes to the diversification of opportunities for the development of national economies through effects in economic, political, social, technological, cultural sphere, intensifying the economic and financial relationship between economies and the interdependence between them. The purpose of the current attempt of research is to analyze the link between FDI and globalization, the paper focusing on FDI as one of the most powerful evidence of economic globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the factors that determine the economic growth nowadays, in the globalization era. From geography and climate to innovation and training, these factors diversified depending on the evolution of the economy and economic thought. Because of enhanced mobility as a result of globalization, some of them have lost their importance, others have become fundamental. During the last two decades, hundreds of empirical studies have tried to identify the determinant factors of economic growth. Many researchers have tried to explain economic growth based on changes in these factors, but the results leave room for future analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial sustainability of an open economy is a very current and complex issue. In today's global conditions the flow of streams of capital, people, labour, goods, materials, etc. are controlled in a very small degree by countries and its direction depends on exogenous factors. Such conditions allow the free transfer of economic processes within the globalised economy. These processes can generate desirable, positive effects or undesirable, negative effects to the country's economy. Under these circumstances it is important for the internal economy, and the financial system, to possess the ability to resist the destabilizing processes, especially during their particular intensity during a crisis. Given the fact that the initial crisis processes spread through financial markets, and primarily affect the financial system, it's resistance to destabilisation is the most important security buffer for the real economy to maintain growth. Therefore, the sustainability of the financial system in an open economy during a crisis is a crucial factor for the stability of the whole economy. This article discusses the role of the financial system of an economy in absorption of the external crisis processes. Furthermore, in the article the author analyses the specific course of an economic crisis phenomenon in the global conditions. Correct identification of the development of the crisis is crucial for building the economy's resilience to the crisis effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article determines transformational factors, which influence a national tourism system (NTS) of Ukraine and proposes strategical vectors of its development. Research of the NTS as an economic system is a pre-condition for formation of strategic vectors of development. Transformational driving forces principally change scales, components and proportions between external and internal factors of development of the NTS. Correspondingly, the mentioned processes objectively encourage modernization of the national tourism system and application of innovative managerial methods. The following Strategical vectors of transformational shifts in the NTS were grounded: 1) Safety of tourists and investors; 2) The normative and legislative framework of the NTS development; 3) Development of infrastructure of the NTS component; 4) Human resources development; 5) A marketing policy of the NTS promotion; 6) Ecological and cultural policies. Their implementation will improve efficiency and competitiveness of the NTS and the national economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and business cycles are equally elusive economic phenomena; hence they represent a continuous research possibility and a source of possible inquiries due to their complex nature. The aim of the paper is to explain the synchronization of business cycles using the relationship between the growth rate of the GDP and FDI, considered as percentage of the GDP. The results show that there is no unique European business cycle, but two cores between which countries migrate and stress out the importance of the FDI channel in business cycle transmission. The future research directions will employ fuzzy cluster techniques, used on a larger sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international strategic management facilitates the development of the international strategies that shape a large context for reaching the main goals of a multinational company. At a conceptual level, there are many similarities between designing a strategy that could be used only in one country and drawing up a strategy for a number of markets. Yet, it has to be mentioned that the development of an international strategy involves a more complex process than in the case of a national one. All these aspects, together with the determinants of the internationalization, will be largely argued in the present paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narcotics trade has known a real transformation over time, which is also due to the great influence of globalization. Placed among the most profitable businesses in the world, the illegal drugs market has evolved very much on the Romanian territory in the last years. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the current situation of Romanian illicit drugs market, the symbiosis between supply and demand, the general prices of the main drugs, as well as the consumption problem and transit routes. Based on theoretical aspects, on recent surveys and investigation launched by UNODC, EMCDDA and ANA, the article provides some relevant answers regarding the Romanian illicit drugs market. Compared to the European countries, Romania remains a small costumer, cannabis and SNPP being the most consumed drugs among young people. Despite the political and economic situation, Romanian authorities are better prepared, a position that may help in dealing with further drug changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global economic and financial crisis of 2007 highlighted the risks, threats and enormous costs of a global economy in the absence of a global government. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of global governance in a world in which states are facing the erosion of national sovereignty. The two concepts are being analyzed from various points of view, including current challenges and future scenarios. Despite the fact that states, especially major powers, are not prepared to accept some elements of global governance and the limits that they would put on their national sovereignty, recent developments seem to make global governance a key component of the international scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics and implications of internationalization vary quite considerably among different regions and countries, depending on the history and structure of their Higher Education systems. With a target to become the most competitive and dynamic economy in the world, Europe has scaled academic mobility, partnerships between the European Research Area and the world's top universities. The aim of this paper is to present some considerations regarding the internationalization of academic space in emerging European countries; more specifically it is an analytical review of the opinions on the phenomenon of internationalization in diachronic perspective of its development, in order to distinguish the structural problems at the level of interference, of the internationalization strategies before the economic crisis in the academic phenomenon. It can be a point of view in order to prove (argued by some causal relationship) that the academic Emergent Europe manifest itself in a differentiated manner, even if the strategies are common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of globalization on economic growth and development have largely been debated both by scholars and policy makers. However, literature lacks a multidimensional analysis of the relationship between of all forms of globalization and the development of a country. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of various globalization types on socio-economic development in eleven European Union (EU) states that faced the transition from a centralized to a market economy, during the period 1993-2016, with the help of Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality test, Beck and Katz (1995) PCSE estimator and pooled OLS regression, considering the results of pre-tests. The empirical research revealed that economic, political and cultural globalization positively influences the socioeconomic development of all the analysed states. These findings may offer valuable information for the policy makers of the eleven economies which could enhance the development in a globalized era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global economy plays an important role in the development of a region or a county/district as it promotes the exploitation of resources and space in a logical and rational manner. The trend of global economic uniformity allows opportunities and risks to Botoșani County since globalization involves economic development and rising living standards, but loss of cultural values, traditions and customs. The area of study currently confronts with socio-economic and demographic changes that may be addressed by globalization, but at the same time spatial development according to global standards will cause the loss of Botoșani County's authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initially triggered in the USA and generated by the chaos in the financial system of the country, the economic crisis has spread in Europe and, thanks to globalization, as a domino effect has spread around the world. Although the first part of 2008 South East Europe has lived with the belief that the countries in this region will be immune to the crisis, since September 2008, the situation has changed notably in these states. The purpose of this study is to describe the issues related to the economic crisis and its impacts on South-Eastern European countries. The first part of the study highlights economic and financial crisis origins, while in the second part the effects of the global crisis are presented and the last part states about implications of the crisis in South-Eastern Europe states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobilizing financial resources to cover investment needs is a concern of all countries, developed or developing ones, of consolidated market economies or emerging ones. A distinctive characteristic of Global Economy over the last few decades has been the rising rate and impressive increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The purpose of this research is to analyse global FDI inflows in Europe and in Romania. The results of the research support the idea that the balance of economic power is changing in the world economy and the countries that own a stable and solid industrial base are at an advantage. The new trends determined by the economic crisis in the field of FDI refer to the growing percentage of developing and emerging countries in the global flows of FDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current context of globalization, we can no longer talk about increasing organizational value ignoring the interests of shareholders, employees, business partners, etc. Such interests may come into conflict, leading to internal conflicts, with negative influence on the entity's performance. To avoid such discrepancies, a responsible behavior from managers is increasingly necessary, which means, in fact, adopting a corporate governance model. The aim of this article is to make a comparative study between the main corporate governance models used globally by analyzing strengths and weaknesses for each one, in the sense to determine which one is the best model and if it can be adapted to different economic systems, in order to be applied on a scale as large. We used a bibliographic method for our research is the one. Literature does not provide concrete answers to this problem, most authors treating each one the governance model specific to their home country [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FDI flows are internationally recognized for the benefits they generate (technological transfer, know - how, industrial reorganization, raising the number of working places). Foreign capitals increased significantly under the impact of globalization and accelerated the interdependencies between economies up to 2007, but, in the current crisis, the dynamic of FDI flows was affected in a negative manner, both in developed economies and in the developing ones. The aim of this paper is to reveal and analyze the evolution of FDI flows in the period 2007 - 2010, emphasizing the strong impact that economic crisis exerts. The results of the analysis presents the descending trend up to 2009, since 2010 being noticed a slight recovery which continued in the first trimester of 2011 and according to the forecasts will continue in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, the internet has evolved in an amazing tool having a major impact on all life aspects. The possibility to make online transactions, without being necessary to leave the house, was something new, an idea which changed from that moment the way business were made and perceived. Sites like mazon.com and eBay were and still are pioneers in this industry. E-commerce, a term that used to be unknown, has became nowadays one of the most tremendous and exciting trends in all kind of businesses. As a matter of fact it is for sure an essential element which helps at the growing at a national level, in terms of trade. As a result, the small companies are helped to internationalize their business and give them the opportunity to new business perspectives. The European Union understood these changes from the beginning of this phenomenon, recognizing the importance of electronic e-commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social responsibility of agribusiness is currently one of the highly debated issues. Factors such as the globalization of agri-food supply chains, increasing competition, further integration of Ukraine in Europe and the world market, developments of Ukrainian large scale farms as well as public pressure on farms make the analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) highly relevant to Ukrainian agribusiness. The paper provides insights on the understanding of CSR by the Ukrainian agricultural enterprises, CSR activities implemented by farms and main drivers encouraging the implementation of CSR initiatives. The analysis is based on literature reviews and questionnaires of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises and representatives of the local community in Oblasts Zhytomyr, carried out in spring 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of technology emphasized new forms of payment. During the last years, current literature highlighted the role of virtual currency, the channels of payment through digital coins and the importance of assimilation of such platforms. Bitcoin or BTC is known as a digital coin, issued for the first time in 2009 and based on a peer to peer system. The difference from other forms of payment is that BTC is not controlled by any institution or central authority. BTC transactions have grown rapidly, "asking" for regulation measures or legal approval of governments. Although BTC has become very popular, the market is poor and unfortunately of no confidence. There is a lack of regulation which can determine a number of risks associated with criminal financing activities. However, the legal status of Bitcoin is present in many European countries like Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland or Turkey. Also, this type of currency has experienced a rapid evolution among coffee shops and restaurants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the end of the Cold War, reframing the anatomy of conflict (from inter to intra state) and safeguarding the human in the equation of security has been defined the concept of human security as a way to surpass the classical state-centric approaches. In terms of responsibility to protect, human security could be a new way of understanding sovereignty, not excluding the state but linking the concepts that traditionally divide the international community and sovereign state; the new notion of sovereignty becomes a mechanism of mitigating/eliminating the arbitrary power of the state (reflecting the state control and the freedom from any interference) by the accountability of its actions (reflecting a better way to balance order and justice). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses upon the idea of globalization and its influence on building more progressive local and regional development strategies, taking into consideration the local and regional circumstances of Republic of Moldova. An interesting task is to determine where the top-down and central control stops, as well as where local autonomy begins and the way a strong regional development of country may be built. All this due to the fact that currently a strong state, a developed and competitive one is decentralized, and should have strong local communities which grow dynamically and solve local problems quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European Union is a family of democratic European countries working together to improve the lives of their citizens and to build a better world. Family squabbles and occasional crises are the headlines, but away from the cameras the EU is a remarkable success story. Moreover, it is the biggest donor of development aid in the world and has pledged that he would be willing to collaborate and provide support as long as it will require member needy. The EU needs to strengthen its global presence and to respond more quickly and effectively to events that occur frequently. The European Union could be a model to determine the final disappearance of the state system and its replacement by a new community centers and stronger political and economic networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its geographical position and its cultural links, Russia has always had a special relation with Europe. In its attempt to shape its own place on the global stage, the Russian Federation has sometimes seen itself as an authentic European state, while in other cases and circumstances, it strongly supported and claimed its "Eurasian" features. Due to the enlargement of the European Union and its rise as a heavy international player, the European Union has turned into a geographical neighbor of the Russian Federation. From this perspective, it is not a surprising fact that the Russian Federation is to develop specific relations and shape a foreign policy with strategic features regarding the European Union. The institutional cooperation between the European Union and the Russian Federation aims at shaping a series of common objectives regarding the relations between the two sides and defining the actions needed in order to reach the proposed objectives, the implementation of the common projects considering the agreed order of priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Transylvania, buildings with a high quality architecture have been constructed along the centuries. The purpose of the present study is to document the built heritage of Transylvania, particularly the Jewish buildings and especially those that had been neglected over the last years. The article is the continuation of the article about the Jewish architecture in Transylvania, with a case study about the Jewish girls' school in Satu Mare. The research domain is interdisciplinary because it links History, Architecture, Art history and the problem of Globalization as well. The niche in this domain remains the fact that the buildings are not identified, rehabilitated, or promoted. Previous studies have mostly focused on synagogues and prayer houses. Most of the other precious buildings have been left aside. This study offers a new approach to change the point of view of the people who live in Romania, and helps them appreciate the heritage they have received. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the relations between unemployment and emigration in Bacau and Vaslui counties, in a comparative outlook. The article starts with an analysis on Romania situation concerning the two phenomena. The second part brings forward the two counties, Bacau and Vaslui, trying to provide a clear view over the reality these two are confronting with. A mapping method was further used to cartography the statistical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics in order to provide a visual outlook over the reality concerning unemployment and emigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, more than ever, economic relations between states are the ones that define the general character of the relations between them and establish economic security as a concept which cannot be neglected anymore. Globalization, the process that shapes the international environment, undermines the old definition of economic security and forces its redefinition. The article aims to identify and analyse the effects of globalization on economic security and the new approaches it takes in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality includes the technical side or strictly linked to intrinsic characteristics and properties of the product or service and it can be defined as a set of properties and characteristics of a product or service, which gives it its ability to meet the needs expressed or implied. The liberalization of international trade by value, internationalization and globalization and the development spheres of service, the bar in quality always rises and quality is a key factor in customers decision to choose a particular company or another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization has led to an increase in commercial activities running on the illegal markets, its dynamics being largely determined by the balance between profitability and the major risks involved. Revenues are significant, one example being those obtained from drug industry. In recent years, illicit drug trafficking has seen in Romania an unprecedented escalation, as a result of market liberalization and the movement of per sons and because of the extending the phenomenon both among producers and consumers. This article examines the size of the Romanian illegal drug markets, the countries of origin and drug transit routes, as well as the profits made by the drug trafficking networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]