1. Flavin Monooxygenase-Generated N-Hydroxypipecolic Acid Is a Critical Element of Plant Systemic Immunity.
- Author
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Hartmann M, Zeier T, Bernsdorff F, Reichel-Deland V, Kim D, Hohmann M, Scholten N, Schuck S, Bräutigam A, Hölzel T, Ganter C, and Zeier J
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis enzymology, Arabidopsis immunology, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Lysine metabolism, Oomycetes pathogenicity, Oxygenases genetics, Pipecolic Acids analysis, Pipecolic Acids pharmacology, Plant Leaves enzymology, Plant Leaves immunology, Plant Leaves metabolism, Pseudomonas syringae pathogenicity, Transaminases genetics, Transaminases metabolism, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Oxygenases metabolism, Pipecolic Acids metabolism, Plant Immunity drug effects
- Abstract
Following a previous microbial inoculation, plants can induce broad-spectrum immunity to pathogen infection, a phenomenon known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SAR establishment in Arabidopsis thaliana is regulated by the Lys catabolite pipecolic acid (Pip) and flavin-dependent-monooxygenase1 (FMO1). Here, we show that elevated Pip is sufficient to induce an FMO1-dependent transcriptional reprogramming of leaves that is reminiscent of SAR. In planta and in vitro analyses demonstrate that FMO1 functions as a pipecolate N-hydroxylase, catalyzing the biochemical conversion of Pip to N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP). NHP systemically accumulates in plants after microbial attack. When exogenously applied, it overrides the defect of NHP-deficient fmo1 in acquired resistance and acts as a potent inducer of plant immunity to bacterial and oomycete infection. Our work has identified a pathogen-inducible L-Lys catabolic pathway in plants that generates the N-hydroxylated amino acid NHP as a critical regulator of systemic acquired resistance to pathogen infection., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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