1. Orthogonal SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assays Enable Surveillance of Low-Prevalence Communities and Reveal Durable Humoral Immunity.
- Author
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Ripperger TJ, Uhrlaub JL, Watanabe M, Wong R, Castaneda Y, Pizzato HA, Thompson MR, Bradshaw C, Weinkauf CC, Bime C, Erickson HL, Knox K, Bixby B, Parthasarathy S, Chaudhary S, Natt B, Cristan E, El Aini T, Rischard F, Campion J, Chopra M, Insel M, Sam A, Knepler JL, Capaldi AP, Spier CM, Dake MD, Edwards T, Kaplan ME, Scott SJ, Hypes C, Mosier J, Harris DT, LaFleur BJ, Sprissler R, Nikolich-Žugich J, and Bhattacharya D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Neutralizing blood, Antibodies, Viral blood, Arizona epidemiology, Betacoronavirus isolation & purification, COVID-19, COVID-19 Testing, Coronavirus Infections blood, Coronavirus Infections diagnosis, Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nucleocapsid Proteins immunology, Pandemics, Phosphoproteins, Pneumonia, Viral blood, Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis, Prevalence, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, SARS-CoV-2, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus chemistry, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology, Young Adult, Betacoronavirus immunology, Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections immunology, Immunity, Humoral, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral immunology
- Abstract
We conducted a serological study to define correlates of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Compared to those with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, individuals with severe disease exhibited elevated virus-neutralizing titers and antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Age and sex played lesser roles. All cases, including asymptomatic individuals, seroconverted by 2 weeks after PCR confirmation. Spike RBD and S2 and neutralizing antibodies remained detectable through 5-7 months after onset, whereas α-N titers diminished. Testing 5,882 members of the local community revealed only 1 sample with seroreactivity to both RBD and S2 that lacked neutralizing antibodies. This fidelity could not be achieved with either RBD or S2 alone. Thus, inclusion of multiple independent assays improved the accuracy of antibody tests in low-seroprevalence communities and revealed differences in antibody kinetics depending on the antigen. We conclude that neutralizing antibodies are stably produced for at least 5-7 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection., Competing Interests: Declaration of Interests Unrelated intellectual property of D.B. and Washington University has been licensed by Sana Biotechnology. J.N.Ž. is on the scientific advisory board of and receives research funding from Young Blood, Inc. R.S. is a founder and chief scientific officer of Geneticure. R.W. is currently an employee of Vir Biotechnology. A provisional patent application related to this work has been filed with the US Patent Office., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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