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Background: Delayed graft function (DGF) following transplantationnecessitates support in the form of hemodialyis (HD) orperitoneal dialysis (PD). However, post-transplant PD-related complicationand failure rates are unknown.Methods: We studies patients who were on PD at the time of kidneytransplantation over a 4-year period at two separate institutions.Results: Of the 137 PD patients, 19 had their catheters removedat the time of transplant. Of the remaining 118 patients, 89% hadimmediate graft function. PD-related complications in this groupincluded peritonitis (n=5), catheter-related infections (n=2) andemergency laparotomy (n=1). Of the 15 patients requiring posttransplantPD, 33% developed peritonitis and 20% had fluid-leaksnecessitating HD. Overall, leaving a PD catheter in situ post- transplantationis associated with 7% rate of peritonitis versus 0% ifremoved (p < 0.05).Conclusions: PD catheter removal should be considered at thetime of renal transplantation, as postoperative PD-related failure/complication rates are high.