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Alfred Schild has established conditions that Lorentz transformationsmap world-vectors (ct, x, y, z) with integer coordinates onto vectors of the same kind. These transformations are called integral Lorentz transformations.This paper contains supplements to our earlier work with a new focus on group theory. To relate the results to the familiar matrix group nomenclature, we associate Lorentz transformations with matrices in SL(z, ℂ). We consider the lattice of subgroups of the group originated in Schild’s paper and obtain generating sets for the full group and its subgroups.

The homotopy groups of a finite partially ordered set (poset) can be described entirely in the context of posets, as shown in a paper by B. Larose and C. Tardif. In this paper we describe the relative version of such a homotopy theory, for pairs (X, A) where X is a poset and A is a subposet of X. We also prove some theorems on the relevant version of the notion of weak homotopy equivalences for maps of pairs of such objects. We work in the category of reflexive binary relational structures which contains the posets as in the work of Larose and Tardif.

The paper considers the relationship between positive polynomials, sums of squares and the multi-dimensional moment problem in the general context of basic closed semi-algebraic sets in realn-space. The emphasis is on the non-compact case and on quadratic module representations as opposed to quadratic preordering presentations. The paper clarifies the relationship between known results on the algebraic side and on the functional-analytic side and extends these results in a variety of ways.

This paper studies the following question: Given an ω -symplectic action of a Lie group on a manifold M which coincides, as a smooth action, with a Hamiltonian ω-action, when is this action a Hamiltonian ω -action? Using a result of Morse-Bott theory presented in Section 2, we show in Section 3 of this paper that such an action is in fact a Hamiltonian ω -action, provided that M is compact and that the Lie group is compact and connected. This result was first proved by Lalonde-McDuffPolterovich in 1999 as a consequence of a more general theory that made use of hard geometric analysis. In this paper, we prove it using classical methods only. Received by the editors May 17, 2001. Supported by a postgraduate scholarship from theNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. AMS subject classification: 53D05, 37J25. c ©Canadian Mathematical Society 2003. 277

For an integer n, let d(n) denote the ordinary divisor function. This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of the sumIt is proved in the paper that, as x → ∞,where A1 and A2 are certain constants and ε is any fixed positive real number.The result corrects a false formula given in a paper of Gafurov concerning the same problem, and improves the error claimed by Gafurov.

This paper contains two essentially independent results in the invariant theory of finite groups. First we prove that, for any faithful representation of a non-trivial p-group over a field of characteristic p, the ring of vector invariants ofmcopies of that representation is not Cohen-Macaulay for m ≥ 3. In the second section of the paper we use Poincaré series methods to produce upper bounds for the degrees of the generators for the ring of invariants as long as that ring is Gorenstein. We prove that, for a finite non-trivial group G and a faithful representation of dimension n with n > 1, if the ring of invariants is Gorenstein then the ring is generated in degrees less than or equal to n(|G| − 1). If the ring of invariants is a hypersurface, the upper bound can be improved to |G|.

The class of rings studied in this paper properly contains the class of right distributive rings which have at least one completely prime ideal in the Jacobson radical. Amongst other results we study prime and semiprime ideals, right noetherian rings with comparability and prove a structure theorem for rings with comparability. Several examples are also given. Received by the editors August 27, 1997; revised December 23, 1997. The first author was partially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil). The second author was supported by a fellowship granted by Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES, Brazil). Some results of this paper are contained in the Ph.D. thesis written by him and presented to UNICAMP(Brazil) [9]. AMS subject classification: Primary: 16U99; secondary: 16P40, 16D15, 16N60. c ©Canadian Mathematical Society 1999. 174

This paper presents an approach to injectivity theorems via the Mountain Pass Lemma and raises an open question. The main result of this paper (Theorem 1.1) is proved by means of the Mountain Pass Lemma and states that if the eigenvalues of are uniformly bounded away from zero for x ∊ Rn, where is a class C1 map, then F is injective. This was discovered in a joint attempt by the authors to prove a stronger result conjectured by the first author: Namely, that a sufficient condition for injectivity of class C1 maps F of Rn into itself is that all the eigenvalues of F′(x) are bounded away from zero on Rn. This is stated as Conjecture 2.1. If true, it would imply (via Reduction-of-Degree) injectivity of polynomial mapssatisfying the hypothesis, det F′(x) ≡ 1, of the celebrated Jacobian Conjecture (JC) of Ott-Heinrich Keller. The paper ends with several examples to illustrate a variety of cases and known counterexamples to some natural questions.

A sequence $\left \{g_k\right \}_{k=1}^{\infty }$ in a Hilbert space ${\cal H}$ has the expansion property if each $f\in \overline {\text {span}} \left \{g_k\right \}_{k=1}^{\infty }$ has a representation $f=\sum _{k=1}^{\infty } c_k g_k$ for some scalar coefficients $c_k.$ In this paper, we analyze the question whether there exist small norm-perturbations of $\left \{g_k\right \}_{k=1}^{\infty }$ which allow to represent all $f\in {\cal H};$ the answer turns out to be yes for frame sequences and Riesz sequences, but no for general basic sequences. The insight gained from the analysis is used to address a somewhat dual question, namely, whether it is possible to remove redundancy from a sequence with the expansion property via small norm-perturbations; we prove that the answer is yes for frames $\left \{g_k\right \}_{k=1}^{\infty }$ such that $g_k\to 0$ as $k\to \infty ,$ as well as for frames with finite excess. This particular question is motivated by recent progress in dynamical sampling.

Let X and Y be Tychonov spaces and suppose there exists a continuous linear bijection from Cp(X)to CP(Y). In this paper we develop a method that enables us to compare the Lindelöf number of Y with the Lindelöf number of some dense subset Z of X. As a corollary we get that if for perfect spaces X and Y, CP(X) and Cp(Y)are linearly homeomorphic, then the Lindelöf numbers of Jf and Fare equal. Another result in this paper is the following. Let X and Y be any two linearly ordered perfect Tychonov spaces such that Cp(X)and Cp(Y)are linearly homeomorphic. Let be a topological property that is closed hereditary, closed under taking countable unions and closed under taking continuous images. Then X has isproperty if and only if Y has. As examples of such properties we consider certain cardinal functions.

Let A be a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space H. Assume that A is selfadjoint in the indefinite inner product defined by a selfadjoint, bounded, invertible linear operator G on H; [x,y] := (Gx,y). In the first part of the paper we define two orders of neutrality for the pair (G, A) and a connection is made with the "types" of numbers in the point and approximate point spectrum of A. The main results of the paper are in the second part and they deal with strong and uniform definitizability of a bounded selfadjoint operator on a Pontrjagin space. They state:A) Let A be a bounded strongly definitizable operator on a Pontrjagin space ΠK, then A is uniformly definitizable.B) A bounded selfadjoint operator A on a Pontrjagin space ΠK is uniformly definitizable if and only if all the eigenvalues of A are of definite type and all the nonisolated eigenvalues of A are of positive type.Some applications to the theory of linear selfadjoint operator pencils are given.

In this paper we obtain the asymptotic expansions of the Carathéodory and Kobayashi metrics of strictly pseudoconvex domains with C∞ smooth boundaries in ℂn. The main result of this paper can be stated as following:Main Theorem. Let Ω be a strictly pseudoconvex domain with C∞ smooth boundary. Let FΩ(z,X) be either the Carathéodory or the Kobayashi metric of Ω. Let δ(z) be the signed distance from z to ∂Ω with δ(z) < 0 for z ∊ Ω and δ(z) ≥ 0 for z ∉ Ω. Then there exist a neighborhood U of ∂Ω, a constant C > 0, and a continuous function C(z,X):(U ∩ Ω) × ℂn -> ℝ such that and|C(z,X)| ≤ C|X| for z ∊ U ∩ Ω and X ∊ ℂn

The purpose of this paper is twofold: we present some matrix inequalities of log-majorization type for eigenvalues indexed by a sequence; we then apply our main theorem to generalize and improve the Hua–Marcus’ inequalities. Our results are stronger and more general than the existing ones.

We introduce a weak Lefschetz-type result on Chow groups of complete intersections. As an application, we can reproduce some of the results in [P]. The purpose of this paper is not to reproduce all of [P] but rather illustrate why the aforementioned weak Lefschetz result is an interesting idea worth exploiting in itself. We hope the reader agrees.

In this paper, we consider projective deformation of the geodesic system of Finsler spaces by holonomy invariant functions. Starting with a Finsler spray $S$ and a holonomy invariant function ${\mathcal{P}}$ , we investigate the metrizability property of the projective deformation $\widetilde{S}=S-2\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}{\mathcal{P}}{\mathcal{C}}$ . We prove that for any holonomy invariant nontrivial function ${\mathcal{P}}$ and for almost every value $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\in \mathbb{R}$ , such deformation is not Finsler metrizable. We identify the cases where such deformation can lead to a metrizable spray. In these cases, the holonomy invariant function ${\mathcal{P}}$ is necessarily one of the principal curvatures of the geodesic structure.

In this paper, we introduce a class of nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problems, and we propose to use a local iterative minimization-majorization (MM) algorithm to find an optimal solution for the optimization problem. The cost functions in our optimization problems are an extension of convex functions with MC separable penalty, which were previously introduced by Ivan Selesnick. These functions are not convex; therefore, convex optimization methods cannot be applied here to prove the existence of optimal minimum point for these functions. For our purpose, we use convex analysis tools to first construct a class of convex majorizers, which approximate the value of non-convex cost function locally, then use the MM algorithm to prove the existence of local minimum. The convergence of the algorithm is guaranteed when the iterative points $x^{(k)}$ are obtained in a ball centred at $x^{(k-1)}$ with small radius. We prove that the algorithm converges to a stationary point (local minimum) of cost function when the surregators are strongly convex.

This paper provides some evidence for conjectural relations between extensions of (right) weak order on Coxeter groups, closure operators on root systems, and Bruhat order. The conjecture focused upon here refines an earlier question as to whether the set of initial sections of reflection orders, ordered by inclusion, forms a complete lattice. Meet and join in weak order are described in terms of a suitable closure operator. Galois connections are defined from the power set of W to itself, under which maximal subgroups of certain groupoids correspond to certain complete meet subsemilattices of weak order. An analogue of weak order for standard parabolic subsets of any rank of the root system is defined, reducing to the usual weak order in rank zero, and having some analogous properties in rank one (and conjecturally in general)., 37 pages, submitted

In this paper, we characterize linear maps on matrix spaces that preserve matrices of local spectral radius zero at some fixed nonzero vector.

In this paper, we study the boundary quotient $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebras associated with products of odometers. One of our main results shows that the boundary quotient $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra of the standard product of $k$ odometers over $n_{i}$-letter alphabets $(1\leqslant i\leqslant k)$ is always nuclear, and that it is a UCT Kirchberg algebra if and only if $\{\ln n_{i}:1\leqslant i\leqslant k\}$ is rationally independent, if and only if the associated single-vertex $k$-graph $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra is simple. To achieve this, one of our main steps is to construct a topological $k$-graph such that its associated Cuntz–Pimsner $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra is isomorphic to the boundary quotient $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra. Some relations between the boundary quotient $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra and the $\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebra $\text{Q}_{\mathbb{N}}$ introduced by Cuntz are also investigated.

Let $A$ be the inductive limit of a sequence $$\begin{eqnarray}A_{1}\xrightarrow[{}]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{1,2}}A_{2}\xrightarrow[{}]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{2,3}}A_{3}\longrightarrow \cdots\end{eqnarray}$$ with $A_{n}=\bigoplus _{i=1}^{n_{i}}A_{[n,i]}$, where all the $A_{[n,i]}$ are Elliott–Thomsen algebras and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{n,n+1}$ are homomorphisms. In this paper, we will prove that $A$ can be written as another inductive limit $$\begin{eqnarray}B_{1}\xrightarrow[{}]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}_{1,2}}B_{2}\xrightarrow[{}]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}_{2,3}}B_{3}\longrightarrow \cdots\end{eqnarray}$$ with $B_{n}=\bigoplus _{i=1}^{n_{i}^{\prime }}B_{[n,i]^{\prime }}$, where all the $B_{[n,i]^{\prime }}$ are Elliott–Thomsen algebras and with the extra condition that all the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}_{n,n+1}$ are injective.

In this paper, we prove that if an almost co-Kähler manifold of dimension greater than three satisfying $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$-Einstein condition with constant coefficients is a Ricci soliton with potential vector field being of constant length, then either the manifold is Einstein or the Reeb vector field is parallel. Let $M$ be a non-co-Kähler almost co-Kähler 3-manifold such that the Reeb vector field $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$ is an eigenvector field of the Ricci operator. If $M$ is a Ricci soliton with transversal potential vector field, then it is locally isometric to Lie group $E(1,1)$ of rigid motions of the Minkowski 2-space.

In this paper, the bounded properties of oscillatory hyper-Hilbert transformalong certain plane curves γ(t),are studied. For general curves, these operators are bounded in L2() if β ≥ 3α. Their boundedness in Lp() is also obtained, whenever β > 3α and .

In this paper, we study a class of homogeneous Finsler metrics of vanishing $S$-curvature on a $(4n+3)$-dimensional sphere. We find a second order ordinary differential equation that characterizes Einstein metrics with constant Ricci curvature $1$ in this class. Using this equation we show that there are infinitely many homogeneous Einstein metrics on $S^{4n+3}$ of constant Ricci curvature $1$ and vanishing $S$-curvature. They contain the canonical metric on $S^{4n+3}$ of constant sectional curvature $1$ and the Einstein metric of non-constant sectional curvature given by Jensen in 1973.

In this paper, we classify all solutions ofwith the finite conditionsHere c is a positive number and β > −1.

This paper gives an equivalent form of Picard’s theorem via entire solutions of the functional equation f2 + g2 = 1 and then its improvements and applications to certain nonlinear (ordinary and partial) differential equations.

This paper introduces a class of abstract linear representations on Banach convolution function algebras over homogeneous spaces of compact groups. LetGbe a compact group andHa closed subgroup ofG. Letμbe the normalizedG-invariant measure over the compact homogeneous spaceG/Hassociated with Weil's formula and. We then present a structured class of abstract linear representations of the Banach convolution function algebrasLp(G/H,μ).

It is known that every Toeplitz matrix T enjoys a circulant and skew circulant splitting (denoted by CSCS), i.e., T=C-S with C a circulant matrix and S a skew circulant matrix. Based on the variant of such a splitting (also referred to as CSCS), we first develop classical CSCS iterative methods and then introduce shifted CSCS iterative methods for solving hermitian positive definite Toeplitz systems in this paper. The convergence of each method is analyzed. Numerical experiments show that the classical CSCS iterative methods work slightly better than the Gauss-Seidel (GS) iterative methods if the CSCS is convergent and that there is always a constant $\alpha$ such that the shifted CSCS iteration converges much faster than the Gauss-Seidel iteration, no matter whether the CSCS itself is convergent or not., National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 11371075, The authors would like to thank the supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11371075, the research innovation program of Hunan province for postgraduate students under Grant No. CX2015B374, the Portuguese Funds through FCT–Fundac˜ao para a Ciˆencia, within the Project UID/MAT/00013/2013., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In this paper we introduceHardy-Lorentz spaces with variable exponents associated with dilations in ℝn. We establishmaximal characterizations and atomic decompositions for our variable exponent anisotropic Hardy-Lorentz spaces.

LetRbe a ring andb,c∊R. In this paper, we give some characterizations of the (b,c)-inverse in terms of the direct sum decomposition, the annihilator, and the invertible elements. Moreover, elements with equal (b,c)-idempotents related to their (b,c)-inverses are characterized, and the reverse order rule for the (b,c)-inverse is considered.

In this paper, we characterize the closures of convex hulls of unitary orbits of self-adjoint operators in unital, separable, simple C* -algebras with non-trivial tracial simplex, real rank zero, stable rank one, and strict comparison of projections with respect to tracial states. In addition, an upper bound for the number of unitary conjugates in a convex combination needed to approximate a self-adjoint are obtained.

In this paper, double commutativity and the reverse order law for the core inverse are considered. Then, new characterizations of the Moore-Penrose inverse of a regular element are given by one-sided invertibilities in a ring. Furthermore, the characterizations and representations of the core and dual core inverses of a regular element are considered., 19 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/CMB-2016-045-7

In an attempt to resolve a folklore conjecture of Erdös regarding the non-vanishing at s = 1 of the L-series attached to a periodic arithmetical function with period q and values in {−1, 1}, Livingston conjectured the -linear independence of logarithms of certain algebraic numbers. In this paper, we disprove Livingston’s conjecture for composite q ≥ 4, highlighting that a newapproach is required to settle Erdös conjecture. We also prove that the conjecture is true for prime q ≥ 3, and indicate that more ingredients will be needed to settle Erdös conjecture for prime q.

This paper presents a theoremon universality on orthogonal polynomials/randommatrices under a weak local condition on the weight function w. With a new inequality for polynomials and with the use of fast decreasing polynomials, it is shown that an approach of D. S. Lubinsky is applicable. The proof works at all points that are Lebesgue-points for both the weight function w and logw.

In this paper, we prove that for ℓ = 1 or 2 the rate of best ℓ- monotone polynomial approximation in the Lp norm (1 ≤ p ≤) weighted by the Jacobi weight with , is bounded by an appropriate (ℓ + 1)-st modulus of smoothness with the same weight, and that this rate cannot be bounded by the (ℓ + 2)-nd modulus. Related results on constrained weighted spline approximation and applications of our estimates are also given.

Let (L, λ) be a locally solid Riesz space. (L, λ) is said to have the Levi property if for every increasing λ-bounded net (xα) ⊂ L+, sup xα exists. The Levi property, appearing in literature also as weak Fatou property (Luxemburg and Zaanen), condition (B) or monotone completeness (Russian terminology), is a classical object of investigation. In this paper we are interested in some variations of the property, their mutual relationships and applications in the theory of topological Riesz spaces. In the first part of the paper we clarify the status of two problems of Aliprantis and Burkinshaw. In the second part we study ideal-injective Riesz spaces.

The paper characterizes the set of all possible values for the number of lines determined byn points forn sufficiently large. For(2) (n- k),the lower bound of Kelly and Moser for the number of lines in a configuration with n - k collinear points is shown to be sharp and it is shown that all values between M mn (k) and M m.(k) are assumed with the exception of Mm. - I and M me - 3. Exact expressions are obtained for the lower end of the continuum of values leading down from(2)- 4. In particular, the best value of c = 1 is obtained in Erdos' previous expression cn 3/2 for this lower end of the continuum . In the paper below we characterize for large n the possible values of the number of connecting lines determined by a set P" of n points in the plane, where a connecting line is any straight line containing at least two points of P n. This solves a problem posed by B. Grunbaum (5, 6) which asks for the se- quence of all integersm with the property that some configuration ofn points determine exactly m lines . The approach of the present paper is likely to prove useful also for the related problems discussed in Grunbaum (6) and Cordovil(2). Besides its significance for combinatorial geometry, the problem is also of interest as an example to help elucidate the connection between statistical physics and the "spectrum" of values for a combinatorial problem . In fact the possible values for n = 22 throughn = 28 shown in figure 1 can be seen to bear a strong resemblance to physical spectra . A similar structure has been observed for the problem of possible values of the permanent for (0, 1) matrices (3).This connection with statistical physics is expected to prove useful in certain implementations of simulated annealing . In keeping with this analogy, our analysis proceeds in "bands", where the k-th band consists of those configurations in which the largest number of collinear points has n - k elements. The problem requires a careful analysis only for the case when k is small, i .e. of order-~Fnor less . For such k, the values for the number of connecting lines determined by configurations in the k-th band do not overlap with values

It is well known that disconjugacy theorems for self-adjoint differential equations are very closely related to the study of the positivity of certain associated quadratic functionals. In this paper, this relationship is closely examined for quadratic functionals of nth order associated with selfadjoint differential equations of order 2n. The motivation of this work comes from a recent paper of W. Leighton [8] on quadratic functionals of second order. It is shown that the method used by W. Leighton extends in a straightforward manner to the study of quadratic functionals of nth order, provided one makes use of an identity due to G. Cimmino [1]. Several authors have considered related problems. In particular we wish to mention the recent papers of G. Ladas [6], W. Simons [13], D. B. Hinton [5]. The book by C. A. Swanson [14] also contains many other related results. As a consequence of our results we can obtain several known and some new criteria for oscillation of 2nth order self-adjoint differential equations.

In this paper we investigate the structure of certain spaces of operator valued measures and the Lp spaces they generate. The work is motivated by our earlier paper [1] in which we studied the Lp spaces generated by matrix valued measures. The present results can thus be regarded as a generalization of this “finite dimensional” situation.

Several years ago, C. Long wrote two papers ([3], [4]) that related to F(n) the number of ordered factorizations of n. The second of these papers [4] was devoted entirely to a discussion of conjectured formula for F(n).

Throughout this paper rings are understood to be commutative with unity. In this paper we prove the general approximation theorem for valuations whose infinite ideals have large Jacobson radicals. We give an example in which it is shown that approximation theorems for Manis valuations do not hold in the general case. Also we prove that every valuation pair (Rv, Pv) of a total quotient ring T(R) whose infinite ideal has large Jacobson radical is a Prüfer valuation pair.

The purpose of this paper is to consider a representation for the elements of a linear topological space in the form of a σ-integral over a linearly ordered subset of V; this ordered subset is what will be called an L basis. The formal definition of an L basis is essentially an abstraction from ideas used, often tacitly, in proofs of many of the theorems concerning integral representations for continuous linear functionals on function spaces.The L basis constructed in this paper differs in several basic ways from the integral basis considered by Edwards in [5]. Since the integrals used here are of Hellinger type rather than Radon type one has in the approximating sums for the integral an immediate and natural analogue to the partial sum operators of summation basis theory.

The central distribution of the second largest (smallest) root following the Fisher-Girshick-Hsu-Roy distribution under certain null-hypothesis has been derived in series form by Pillai and Al-Ani [6]. In this paper the noncentral distributions of the second largest roots in the MANOVA situation, the canonical correlation, and equality of two covariance matrices are obtained. Further, the distribution of the second largest root of the covariance matrix is obtained as a limiting case. The largest root and its noncentral distributions have been considered already by Pillai and Sugiyama [7] for the situations stated above. However, in the present paper, the joint densities of the largest and the second largest roots are derived in all the above cases from which the distributions of the largest roots can be obtained, although in more elaborate forms.

This paper is a continuation of two papers [4], [5] and brings out the solution of the ballot problem in its general form.In [5], Narayana has considered a generalised occupancy problem which can be viewed as a problem in compositions of integers. In what follows, we use the definitions of [6].

This paper is based on part of the thesis of one of the authors (5), submitted at the University of Toronto in 1963. In the first part of the paper a result on induced representations (2, 4, 9) is generalized slightly and a number of corollaries are derived. In the rest of the paper a special case of this result is applied to put the representation theory of the alternating group on a par with that of the symmetric group. A knowledge of the representation theory of Sn (7) on the part of the reader is assumed.

The undertaking of constructing spaces which contain a given space as a subspace is by no means new: the extension of the complex number plane to the complex number sphere by the addition of the one point at infinity, the extension of the real line by adjoining the two infinities ∞ and -∞, and the construction of the space of real numbers from that of the rationals by means of Cauchy sequences or Dedekind cuts are 19th Century examples of this very thing. However, only the advent of general topology made it possible to raise the general question of space extensions. It appears that the first study of problems in this area was carried out by Alexandroff and Urysohn in the early twenties [l]. Another mile stone in the history of the subject was the 1929 paper by Tychonoff in which the product theorem for compact spaces is proved and used to identify the completely regular Hausdorff spaces as precisely those spaces which can be imbedded in a compact Hausdorff space [33]. During the same period, work on certain specific extension problems was done by Freudenthal [17] and Zippin [35]. However, the first large body of systematic theory, used for the investigation of a wide range of extension problems, was presented by Stone [31] in 1937. There, one also finds the remark that "one of the interesting and difficult problems of general topology is the study of all extensions of a given space", and it appears that Stone' s own work must have convinced many others of the truth of this observation, for since that time there has been a steady succession of papers in this field. But apart from that, the study of extension spaces clearly has a very particular attraction for some mathematicians.

After the publication of the important paper by Rota [9] on Möbius functions a large number of papers have appeared in which the ideas are applied or generalized in various directions, the papers by Crapo [3], Smith [10] and Tainiter [11] are some of them. The theory of Möbius functions is now recognized as a valuable tool in combinatorial and arithmetical research.

In [3], the author proved that a ring R with identity is right noetherian and right injective if and only if R is a direct sum of a finite number of uniform right ideals, which are completely primary in the sense of that paper. In this paper, we shall determine the structure of such rings in the case where the sum of the isomorphic uniform components are twosided ideals. The ring is found to be a direct sum of total matrix rings over local rings.

The main result of this paper is the determination of all nonisomorphic local near-rings with = which are not near-fields. Together with the fundamental paper [6] by Zassenhaus on near-fields and the corollary to Theorem 1 of [2], this 2 paper gives a complete description of all local near-rings of order p2.We recall that a unitary near-ring N is called local if the subset L of elements in N without left inverses is an (N, N)-subgroup and N ≠ J(N). (J(N) denotes the radical of N given in [1].) In [3] it was proved that N ≠ J(N) whenever L is an ideal of N. (For previous result s concerning local near-rings we refer the reader to [3].)

It is well-known that the factorization properties of a domain are reflected in the structure of its group of divisibility. The main theme of this paper is to introduce a topological/graph-theoretic point of view to the current understanding of factorization in integral domains. We also show that connectedness properties in the graph and topological space give rise to a generalization of atomicity., Comment: 9 pages

There are several notions of Ricci curvature tensor in Finsler geometry and spray geometry. One of them is defined by the Hessian of the well-known Ricci curvature. In this paper we will introduce a new notion of Ricci curvature tensor and discuss its relationship with the Ricci curvature and some non-Riemannian quantities. Using this Ricci curvature tensor, we shall have a better understanding of these non-Riemannian quantities.