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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exploring the nature and extent of westward shift in power and influence within Canadian society is gaining currency alongside the nascent movement of western separatism. The five papers, discussed in the article, offer background and insight for ongoing study and debate. The term westward shift and power shift West should mean more than just an increase in the absolute or relative contribution of western Canada to aggregate economic activity that is the normal short-run result of a staple boom. The author would agree that westward shift was a reality if the current surge of growth in the West was reflected by a fundamental change in the economic structure of western Canada and its interaction with central Canada. In absolute terms the West has been growing but then so has the rest of Canada. Moreover some of the activity classified as westward shift represents more of an intraregional reallocation of capital and labor than a shift from central Canada to the West. There has been a movement of head offices to Alberta, especially Calgary. Yet some of these moves represent shifts from Vancouver and Winnipeg. Similarly, net migration rates to western Canada do show a significant increase beginning in 1970 but one component of this increase is a sharp decrease in outmigration from western Canada to central Canada.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article provides examples of how the discourses about justice in terms of addressing First Nations longstanding land claims and certainty in terms of the desire to create political and economic stability within the province are mobilized within the British Columbia (B.C.) Treaty Process. The article also examines the symbolic violence enacted by the non-aboriginal governments in attempt to forward a rigid notion of certainty that limits the possibilities for justice. Based on this examination, an exploration of what a transformative justice might look like is initiated and contrasted with the current trajectory of the treaty process, which appears headed toward what will be described as a remedy of affirmative repair. The B.C. Treaty Process was established through the report of the B.C. Claims Task Force, which began its work in 1991. The appeal of certainty is felt particularly in economic matters. In British Columbia, various economic reports have estimated a significant loss of investment, jobs and wealth in the province all in part due to the reigning uncertainty surrounding land claims. The symbolic violence of affirmative repair also operates to try to prevent transformative visions of justice from entering into the treaty discussions.