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ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate relationship of high PTSD risk with severity of ADHD symptoms while controlling the effect of impulsivity in a sample of university students.MethodParticipants included 271 volunteered university students. Participants were evaluated with the Short Form Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-SF), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and PTSD Checklist Civilian version (PCL-C).ResultsAge and gender did not differed between those with the high PTSD risk (n = 224, 82.7%) and those without (n = 47, 17.3%). BIS-11-SF and subscale scores, other than non-planning impulsivity (which showed no difference), and ASRS scores were higher among those with the high PTSD risk than those without. Severity of ADHD symptoms, particularly inattentiveness (IN) score, predicted the high risk of PTSD, together with the severity of motor impulsivity in a logistic regression model.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the severity of ADHD symptoms is related with the high risk of PTSD, while severity of motor impulsivity may have an effect on this relationship among young adults.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate relationship of severity of ADHD symptoms with the presence of psychological trauma while controlling the effect of impulsivity in a sample of university students.MethodParticipants included 321 volunteered university students. Participants were evaluated with the Short Form Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-SF), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC).ResultsAge and gender did not differed between those with the history of psychological trauma (n = 271, 84.4%) and those without (n = 50, 15.6%). BIS-11-SF and subscale scores did not differ between groups, other than motor impulsivity, which was higher among those with the history of psychological trauma. ASRS score, inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale scores were higher among those with the history of psychological trauma than those without. Severity of ADHD symptoms, particularly inattentiveness score, predicted the presence of psychological trauma, together with the severity of motor and attentional impulsivities in a logistic regression model.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the severity of ADHD symptoms may be related with the presence of psychological trauma, while severity of motor and attentional impulsivities may have an effect on this relationship among young adults.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Introduction Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by attention problems, deficient impulse control, and hyperactivity in childhood and persists through adulthood. Adult ADHD symptoms (ADHDs) are known to associate with comorbid psychiatric disorders, particularly substance/alcohol use (SA). Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ADHDs with SA among university students. Methods Among a total of 803 randomly selected students from two universities, regarding exclusion criteria 582 was remained and grouped into three groups due to the Turkish version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) cut-off scores, namely, highly likely (HLG), likely (LG) and without ADHD (WG), respectively. They were assessed through online close-ended questions and likert-typed data form related to substance use and CAGE, assessment for Alcohol abuse risk. Chi-square was used. Results Using cigarette and substances, namely, cannabis, ecstasy, inhalants, benzodiazepine and without awareness of the individual were higher in the HLG than the WG. While hookah, energy drink use and CAGE were higher in HLG, only CAGE was significantly different than the WG. Moreover, the HLG reached substance more easily and reported more relative and friend users around them whereas WG reported more people without substance use. Conclusions Consistent with previous studies, students with severe ADHDs had higher rates of SA and negatively affect their lives. Also, since individuals with ADHDs have more risk of SA, they can have more access to potential other than WG. Therefore, clinicians should carefully assess ADHDs and take SA into consideration.

Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopment disorder, which around 2/3 of the patients may still have ADHD symptoms (ADHDs) during adulthood. Symptoms’ presentation can turn into ongoing attention problems, disorganization and symptoms of emotional dysregulation throughout adulthood. Adult ADHDs may lead familial, academic and occupational dysfunction, risky behaviours and selfmutilation. Aim The study aims to investigate the relationship of ADHDs with risky behaviours and psychological symptoms among students. Methods Among a total of 803 randomly selected students from two universities, regarding exclusion criteria 582 was remained and grouped into three groups due to the Turkish version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) cut-off scores, namely, highly likely (HLG), likely (LG) and without ADHD (WG), respectively. They were assessed through online close-questioned and likert-type data form related to risky behaviours and psychological symptoms. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used. Results The size of three groups were 15,1%(n=88), 22,2%(n=129) and 62.5%(n=365), respectively. Although gender was insignificant across groups, age mean was lower for HLG than WG (not shown). The rates of psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety symptoms, interpersonal sensivity, seeking excitement, risky behaviours and self-mutilation were higher in the HLG (not shown). Conclusions Consistent with previous studies, the HLG had more associated comorbid psychiatric disorder symptoms. Thus, assessment of ADHDs in university students may useful for realizing risky behaviours and psychological symptoms for this population.

ObjectiveAim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alexithymia with relapse to alcohol use during 12 month follow-up after inpatient treatment in male alcohol dependents. Age at regular alcohol use, severity of alcohol related problems and psychiatric symptoms were controlled while evaluating these relationships.MethodAmong 156 consecutively admitted male alcohol dependents 136 could be reached at the end of 12 months. Patients were investigated with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, the Symptom Check List and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) at baseline.ResultsAmong 136 alcohol dependent patients 66.2% (n=90) were considered to be relapsed according to telephone interview. Among these 102 were interviewed face to face. Rate of alexithymia and relapse and mean of “difficulty in identifying feelings-DIF” of TAS-20 were higher in PTSD group. Other than these there were no significant relationship between PTSD, alexithymia and relapse. PTSD diagnosis predicted relapse during 12 month follow-up (n=136). When only those who were evaluable to interview face to face included, only DIF predicted relapse (n=102).ConclusionsPTSD and alexithymia (particularly DIF factor) may be related with relapse during 12 month follow-up. This study suggest that rather than the early onset of alcohol use, the severity of alcohol related problems and the general psychiatric symptoms, PTSD and DIF, which may be related, are two factors to focus when relapse prevention programs are planning.

AimsAim of this study was to investigate the changes in life quality during 12 months follow-up among alcohol dependent inpatients.MethodsParticipants were 102 consecutively admitted male alcohol dependents, whom were available for second evaluation at 12 months follow-up. Patients were investigated with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item health survey (SF-36) at the end of inpatient treatment program and 12 months later in follow-up.ResultsAmong alcohol dependent inpatients 61.8% were considered to be relapsed. Sociodemographic variables did not differ between relapsed and non-relapsed groups. Mean scores of physical and mental component summaries did not differ between groups at baseline evaluation, whereas they were lower in relapsed group at 12 months follow-up. In non-relapsed group mean scores of all the life quality subscales and physical and mental component summaries improved at 12 months follow-up, whereas in relapsed group mean scores of life quality did not differ significantly.ConclusionAmong alcohol dependent men life quality improves after 12 months of abstinence following inpatient treatment. Thus after measuring the impairments in life quality, if the findings are communicated to patients, this may enhance their motivation to stay sober after inpatient treatment programs.