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Our algorithm for stellar luminosity calibrations (based on the principle of maximum likelihood) allows the calibration of relations of the type:Where n is the size of the sample at hand,Mi, are the individual absolute magnitudes,Cijare observational quantities (j = 1, …, N), andqjare the coefficients to be determined.If we put N = 1 and CiN= 1, we havethe mean absolute magnitude of the sample. As additional output, the algorithm provides us also with the dispersion in magnitude of the sample σM, the mean solar motion (U, V, W) and the corresponding velocity ellipsoid (σu, σV, σw).

The IUE project is described, with special emphasis on the IUE data management and archive retrieval.This paper briefly describes a more specific data center providing also a service to the astronomical community, or more precisely a group of data centers dedicated to a given instrument.This instrument is the IUE ( International Ultraviolet Explorer) launched on Jan. 26, 1978 and collecting since then spectral images of all kinds of celestial objects in the ultraviolet wavelength range.

Most professional astronomers do not conduct specific comet-discovery programmes and a new comet is, in general, an intrusion into an observational programme, although one that does, of course, receive all the attention it deserves. Comet discoveries are by-products of professional work. This may also be the case with some amateurs (G.E. Alcock discovered his fifth comet while looking for novae). Most amateur discoveries are the result of active and systematic work. Over the period 1951–70, on average 9 comets per year were discovered by amateurs.The time spent scanning the sky before discovering a comet is typically hundreds of hours. The times of W. Bradfield between his first comets were 260, 306, 145 and 106 hours. Astronomers at Skalnaté Pleso discovered eight comets in six years, averaging one comet for 206 hours of searching. R.D. Austin and R. Meier spent 151 and 105 hours, respectively, between discoveries. These figures are only indicators, because many other factors (including luck) play a part. Alcock’s two comets in six days is quite exceptional.