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The recent discovery of hidden non-axysimmetric and disk-like structures in bright Virgo dwarf elliptical and lenticular galaxies indicates that they may have late-type progenitors. Using high resolution N-body simulations we follow the evolution of disk galaxies within a $\Lambda\textrm{CDM}$ cluster simulated with $10^7$ particles where the hierarchical growth and galaxy harassment are modelled self-consistently. Most of the galaxies undergo significant morphological transformation, even at the outskirts of the cluster, and move through the Hubble sequence from disks to spheroidals. The time evolution of the simulated galaxies is compared with unsharp-masked images from the VLT and we compare the kinematics of our models with the latest high resolution spectroscopic studies from the Keck telescope. We will also discuss the properties of diffuse intra-cluster light formed by tidal debris stripped away from the infalling disks by gravitational interactions.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: Extubation failure after neonatal cardiac surgery is associated with increased intensive care unit length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. We performed a quality improvement project to create and implement a peri-extubation bundle, including extubation readiness testing, spontaneous breathing trial, and high-risk criteria identification, using best practices at high-performing centers to decrease neonatal and infant extubation failure by 20% from a baseline of 15.7% to 12.6% over a 2-year period., Methods: Utilising the transparency of the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium database, five centres were identified as high performers, having better-than-expected neonatal extubation success rates with the balancing metric of as-expected or better-than-expected mechanical ventilation duration. Structured interviews were conducted with cardiac intensive care unit physician leadership at the identified centers to determine centre-specific extubation practices. Data from those interviews underwent qualitative content analysis which was used to develop a peri-extubation bundle. The bundle was implemented at a single-centre 17-bed cardiac intensive care unit. Extubation failure, defined as reintubation within 48 hours of extubation for anything other than a procedure, ventilator days and bundle compliance was tracked., Results: There was a 41.4% decrease in extubation failure following bundle implementation (12 failures of 76 extubations pre-implantation; 6 failures of 65 extubations post-implementation). Bundle compliance was 95.4%. There was no difference in ventilator days ( p = 0.079) between groups., Conclusion: Implementation of a peri-extubation bundle created from best practices at high-performing centres reduced extubation failure by 41.4% in neonates and infants undergoing congenital heart surgery.