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This chapter describes the holistic nature of Aboriginal community development and illustrates the dimensions (elements) that comprise community development for Aboriginal peoples both historically and contemporarily. More specifically, this chapter describes the cultural, social, environmental (country), economic and spiritual dimensions of Aboriginal community. The implications of the holistic nature of community development, and the working relationship among and between the dimensions, are presented through two case studies, which provide the reader with example models of research that have sought to empower Aboriginal community using participatory action research (PAR).