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In an archaeological excavation that was carried out by the Peruvian Ministry of Culture of Cuzco at the site of Espiritu Pampa, the last Inca refuge of Vilcabamba, 55 fragments of an extraordinary ceramic vessel were found. A very complex scene was painted on this piece. The scene illustrates the confrontation between the Spaniards and the indigenous population of the Andean area. Included in this scene are 39 humans and 57 animals, which we analyze carefully. In our iconographic analysis, we consider different elements represented in this scene, including weapons and garments. The scene is full of symbolism and visual metaphors represented by the animals and a persistent rainbow motif. By synthesizing each of the identified components and the symbolism they contain, we are able to demonstrate that the scene does not represent a specific belligerent event. Rather, it displays an Inca vision of a future in which the indigenous will gather under the Inca mandate and defeat the Spaniards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]