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In this paper on designing organizational processes, we combine insight on reflection-in-action with the role of reflection and experimenting from the organizational routine dynamics literature. Illustrated through a case at a strategy consultancy, we show how a prototyped workshop can elicit reflection-in- action when designing organizational processes. The artifacts used in the prototyped workshop made previous implicit assumptions about the work more explicit. This led to on the spot reflection-in-action of how to improve the prototype. This shows how collective reflection-action can be created by creating a space for reflection, that simultaneously allows for experimentation. Future research between design science and organizational science would thus be fruitful when studying the role of collective reflection- in-action when prototyping organizational processes., Marketing and Consumer Research, Methodology and Organisation of Design

Objective: A community research model developed in the United Kingdom was adopted in a multi-country study of health in diverse neighbourhoods in European cities, including Sweden. This paper describes the challenges and opportunities of using this model in Sweden.Results: In Sweden, five community researchers were recruited and trained to facilitate access to diverse groups in the two study neighbourhoods, including ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities. Community researchers recruited participants from the neighbourhoods, and assisted during semi-structured interviews. Their local networks, and knowledge were invaluable for contextualising the study and finding participants. Various factors made it difficult to fully apply the model in Sweden. The study took place when an unprecedented number of asylum-seekers were arriving in Sweden, and potential collaborators’ time was taken up in meeting their needs. Employment on short-term, temporary contracts is difficult since Swedish Universities are public authorities. Strong expectations of stable full-time employment, make flexible part-time work undesirable. The community research model was only partly suc-cessful in embedding the research project as a collaboration between community members and the University. While there was interest and some involvement from neighbourhood residents, the research remained University-led with a limited sense of community ownership.Keywords: Sweden, Healthcare research, Community research.

In Mankiw, Romer, and Weil's augmented Solow model [Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (2) 407–437 (1992)], the marginal product of human capital accrues to three factors of production: directly to human capital, and as an external effect to physical capital and labor. This paper estimates national stocks of human capital in 1990 created from prior investment in schooling and shows that for 36 countries the (macro) marginal product of human capital accruing to workers in 1990 is consistent with estimates of the (micro) marginal return on investment in schooling in workers' earnings studies. This reconciliation provides empirical evidence for the augmented Solow model.

The solar coronal plasma is maintained at temperatures of millions of degrees, much hotter than the photosphere, which is at a temperature of just 6000 K. In this paper, the plasma particle heating based on the kinetic theory of wave–particle interactions involving kinetic Alfvén waves and lower-hybrid drift modes is presented. The solar coronal plasma is collisionless and therefore the heating must rely on turbulent wave heating models, such as lower-hybrid drift models at reconnection sites or the kinetic Alfvén waves. These turbulent wave modes are created by a variety of instabilities driven from below. The transition region at altitudes of about 2000 km is an important boundary chromosphere, since it separates the collision-dominated photosphere/chromosphere and the collisionless corona. The collisionless plasma of the corona is ideal for supporting kinetic wave–plasma interactions. Wave–particle interactions lead to anisotropic non-Maxwellian plasma distribution functions, which may be investigated by using spectral analysis procedures being developed at the present time.

Employing a multiple regression approach with correction for the effects of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation of the residuals using the method of Newey and West (1987), this paper reexamines the risk-return relationships of 13 international stock markets during up and down markets. Our results provide robust evidence that not only beta, but also unsystematic risk and skewness are useful and relevant risk measures in international stock markets.

This paper is a contribution to the analysis of intra-organizational trust. From a discussion of concepts of trust, we suggest that trust is something which is constructed for and by people in organizations, thereby producing some degree of predictability. Trust is a precarious social accomplishment enacted through the interplay of social or discursive structures, including those of work organizations, and individuated subjects. We argue that bureaucratic organizations effected this construction in such an efficient manner that it `disappeared' as an issue for organizational theorists, but that shifting organizational forms have re-opened it. We suggest that the advent of corporate culturism in the 1980s offered one kind of reconfiguration of trust in organizations. However, subsequent extensions of organizational reform have undermined corporate culture as a way of constructing trust. These extensions, which, with some caveats, may be called post-bureaucratic, have brought with them new potential bases for trust, and hence control, in organizations. We explore these in two ways. First, we discuss how various types of managerial languages and techniques have the capacity to provide a global `script' through which particular local contexts can be made sense of, and which allow possible subject positions and identities to be secured. Second, we develop this discussion with reference to two different kinds of employees whose work is in some senses post-bureaucratic: accountants and consultants in Big Five firms, and temporary workers (temps) working through agencies to provide clerical and other services. In a conclusion, we comment on the durability of post-bureaucratic modes of trust

In the face of widespread organizational change which some claim heralds the demise of bureaucracy, and in the context of the cultural and intellectual uncertainties of postmodernism, how do people in organizations respond? In this paper, we explore the role of `How To' books for managers in the elaboration of these responses. How To books may be read as part of a long-standing tradition of self-help which represents a form of the secularized Protestant ethic. However, in contemporary conditions it is also congruent with emerging forms of reflexivity and projects of the self. The How To books we discuss promise to yield control of the world around them to managers who learn to know and control their `inner-worlds'. They also offer techniques of self-presentation and self-appraisal which, we argue, are particularly congruent with the likely control problems within post-bureaucratic organizations.

Combining the information of different imaging modalities offers complimentary information about the properties of the imaged specimen. Often these modalities need to be captured by different machines, which requires that the resulting images need to be matched and registered in order to map the corresponding signals to each other. This can be a very challenging task due to the varying appearance of the specimen in different sensors. We have recently developed a method which uses contrastive learning to find representations of both modalities, such that the images of different modalities are mapped into the same representational space. The learnt representations (referred to as CoMIRs) are abstract and very similar with respect to a selected similarity measure. There are requirements which these representations need to fulfil for downstream tasks such as registration - e.g rotational equivariance or intensity similarity. We present a hyperparameter free modification of the contrastive loss, which is based on InfoNCE, to produce equivariant, dense-like image representations. These representations are similar enough to be considered in a common space, in which monomodal methods for registration can be exploited.

Phylogenies based on single loci should be viewed with caution and the best approach for obtaining robust trees is to examine numerous loci across the genome. It often happens that for the same set of species trees derived from different genes are in conflict between each other. There are several methods that combine information from different genes in order to infer the species tree. One novel approach is to use informationfrom different -omics. Here we describe a phylogenetic method based on an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process that combines sequence and gene expression data. We test our method on genes belonging to the histidine biosynthetic operon. We found that the method provides interesting insights into selection pressures and adaptive hypotheses concerning gene expression levels., Svenska institutet supported this work through their Östersjösamarbetet scholarship program.

Many manufacturing firms are expanding their global footprint to explore new opportunities for efficient and effective production. The strategic perspective on international manufacturing networks involves both the network level and the plant level. A key aspect is the relationship between the network and the role of plants. In this research, we investigate the relationship between the network and plant perspectives in international manufacturing networks. We use a single in-depth case study that includes five plants in two product networks over a period of five years. We analyze how changing the role of one plant affects the network as well as the roles of the other plants in the network. Thus, decisions on plant roles are, to a very high degree, network decisions and not decisions for individual plants. Based on the insights from the case study we also develop a framework for mapping manufacturing networks, including market coverage, plant location and site competence.