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Double nasal presents—presents containing both a nasal infix and a nasal suffix—are found in Greek (type λιμπάνω 'leave'), Celtic (e.g., OIr. ro·finnadar (< *wind-n-) 'get to know'), and Germanic (Go. du-ginnan (← *-gunnan < *gund-n-) 'begin'). It is argued here that all such formations have a common origin. The starting point was the nasal-infix present of the root *ghed- 'grasp', which originally had the form *gh(n̥)néd- / *ghn̥d-´. With the reinterpretation of the root as *ghend- , the strong stem of the nasal-infix present was remade to *ghn̥d-né / ó- , and in the post-IE period the pattern was extended to other nasal-infix presents (*lin(é)kw- → *linkw-né / ó- , *u̯in(é)d- → *u̯ind-né / ó- , etc.). A corollary of the analysis is that the -a- of the Greek and Armenian presents in *-ane / o- (< *-n̥ne / o-) is epenthetic, and that the absence of a nasal in the root syllable of Arm. lkʿanem , gtanem , etc. is secondary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an examination of contemporary Pagan pilgrimage in Ireland, based on longitudinal ethnographic research, this article identifies and analyzes different cultural processes at work, focusing on the sacralization of the landscape through ritualization and re-storying. Correlations and differences between modern Pagan pilgrimage and the popular Roman Catholic pilgrimage tradition are identified since the way in which modern Pagan pilgrimage manifests is most similar to traditional Catholic site-specific pilgrimage. Contemporary Pagan activities and discourses are contextualized within Irish history and within other meaningful layers constructed over time in relation to Ireland's sacred landscape. Counterheritagization processes and the contestation of meanings connected to pilgrimage sites is discussed as regards the process of Celticization in how a Celtic past is reactivated in the present by journeying to, and engaging with, significantly reclaimed and "re-storied" sites. For this new religious movement, the land itself plays a vital role as a dynamic and active space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that the traditional etymology of Latin sāpō as a loanword from the Germanic words for 'soap' is phonologically not possible. Instead, it proposes a phonologically regular explanation: a loanword in both Germanic and Latin from the common Celtic-Germanic substrate (with Gaulish transmission in the case of Latin). Dieser Beitrag argumentiert dafür, dass die traditionelle Etymologie von lat. sāpō als Lehnwort aus den germanischen Wörtern für 'Seife' lautlich nicht möglich ist. Stattdessen wird eine phonologisch regelmäßige Lösung vorgeschlagen: eine Entlehnung sowohl im Germanischen als auch im Lateinischen aus dem gemeinsamen keltisch-germanischen Substrat (im Falle des Lateinischen mit gallischer Vermittlung). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooper (2013: 11–12, 2015: 317–320) suggests that /m/ was less sonorous in PIE than /l/, /r/, and /n/. This article discusses the evidence proposed for this analysis and puts forward some further evidence, of differing degrees of strength, from Sanskrit, Oscan, Venetic, Celtic and Greek. It concludes that there is some evidence for a lower sonority of /m/ than /l/, /n/ and /r/ in Greek and Sanskrit, but that the evidence for other languages is inconclusive. There are a number of instances in which /m/ patterns with plosives rather than the other sonorants in a number of other contexts, whose relevance to questions of sonority, however, is not clear. Overall, it is plausible that /m/ may have had a lower sonority than the other sonorants in PIE, but this is not necessarily the explanation for all its odd behaviour relative to the other sonorants in PIE and its descendant languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reconstructs the syntax of pre-Old Irish copular clauses using relic or anomalous formations within Old Irish. It is therefore an exercise in syntactic internal reconstruction. The two patterns that are reconstructed are (a) the word order of subject and predicate, which was Predicate Subject in Old Irish but is argued to have been Subject Predicate in pre-Old Irish; (b) the order of negation, the clause-typing enclitic * de , the relative pronoun and the copula which is argued to be NEG+REL+ de +COP. Furthermore, It is argued that a change from a fully verbal copula * issi in pre-Old Irish to a clause-typing particle is in Old Irish is implicated in the innovation of both (a) and (b). The reconstruction is evaluated using the technique of 'local directionality', by examining detailed feature/phrase-structure analyses of the constructions in at least two languages and hypothesizing the most economical and plausible relation between the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jung's ‘secret knowledge’ is identified as including three interrelated threads: precessional astrology, alchemy and anopus divinum. This is interpreted, broadly, in terms of an astro-alchemical myth. An extrapolation of this myth is then used as a basis from which to interpret a sample of works by contemporary Irish artist Gavin Hogg. The argument developed is that such an astro-alchemical myth finds visionary expression in such artworks, and that it offers a valuable perspective from which to critique a religious problematic such as a Catholic Ireland in crisis. The related notion of integrating a ‘missing fragment’ as an Eastern and also a Celtic holistic spirituality into the Western world picture is also briefly developed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]