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Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of classical and azithromycin-containing triple therapy eradication regimen against H. Pylori in children, and to determine the level of patients’ tolerance. Patients and Methods: This single clinical trial was performed in 2014 on 2 to 15 years old children. All children, in whom H. Pylori infection was confirmed through multiple biopsies of the stomach and required treatment, were enrolled in the study. H. Pylori-positive patients were treated alternately with two different drug regimens; Group OCA received clarithromycin 7.5 mg/kg/day every 12 hours for 10 days, amoxicillin 50 mg/kg/day every 12 hours for 10 days, and omeprazole 1 mg/kg/day every 12 hours for two weeks, and Group OAA received azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day once a day (before meal) for 6 days along with amoxicillin and omeprazole. Four to six weeks after completion of treatment, patients’ stool was tested for H. Pylori through the monoclonal method using the Helicobacter antigen quick kit. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding gender and age of patients. Based on ITT analysis, the therapeutic response in the OAA and OCA groups were 56.2% and 62.5%, respectively (P = 0.40). Drug adverse effects were 15.6% in the OCA and 3.1% in the OAA group (P = 0.19). Conclusions: The therapeutic response was seen in more than half of the patients treated with triple therapy of H. Pylori eradication regimen including azithromycin or clarithromycin, and there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups.

Background: Epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) is changing over time. Giving awareness of this issue can be developed as a plan to prevent complications of the disease; it is especially very helpful in high risk children, such as those with chronic liver disease. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the seroprevalenceof anti-HAV antibodies in children with and without chronic liver diseases during two different periods. Patients and Methods: Two studies were conducted on anti-HAV seroprevalence antibodies in children aged one to fifteen years who were referred to Amirkola Children’s Hospital (Babol, North of Iran). The first study was conducted on 73 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) in 2006, and the second study on 180 cases without it (NCLD) in 2011. Blood samples were collected from children and the sera were evaluated for anti-HAV antibodies via ELISA assay by Dia. Pro kit. Results: Seroprevalence of HAV was 17.8% and 10% in the first and second study, respectively. There was no significant difference in age, sex, and place of residence between anti-HAV negative and positive subjects in the studies. Conclusions: It appears that anti-HAV antibody seroprevalence has declined among children below 15 years with and without chronic liver disease, and it is likely that more children would be susceptible to HAV infection. Therefore, it is important to employ preventative strategies against HAV in chronic liver diseases.