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Le Goff & Truong alert for the historians' oblivion of the human body and its uses and techniques in the Middle Ages. On the other hand, the human body constitutes the medical studies' main focus since the Kós School of Medicine where Hippocrates (5th -4th centuries b. C) created the humoral theory which explains rationally the structure and functioning of the bodies without magic and religious healing practices interferences. Galen (2th a. D) improved that theory which became the medieval medicine basis. The second part deals with the relations between spirituals therapeutics and medical practices in the Hospital of Nossa Senhora do Pópulo, in Caldas da Rainha, Portugal (15th - 16th centuries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]