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Objective: Data are essential for tracking and monitoring of progress on health-related sustainable development goals (SDGs). But the capacity to analyse subnational and granular data is limited in low and middle-income countries. Although Pakistan lags behind on achieving several health-related SDGs, its health information capacity is nascent. Through an exploratory qualitative approach, we aimed to understand the current landscape and perceptions on data in decision-making among stakeholders of the health data ecosystem in Pakistan., Design: We used an exploratory qualitative study design., Setting: This study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan., Participants: We conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews with multidisciplinary and multisectoral stakeholders from academia, hospital management, government, Non-governmental organisations and other relevant private entities till thematic saturation was achieved. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, followed by thematic analysis using NVivo., Results: Thematic analysis of 15 in-depth interviews revealed three major themes: (1) institutions are collecting data but face barriers to its effective utilisation for decision-making. These include lack of collection of needs-responsive data, lack of a gender/equity in data collection efforts, inadequate digitisation, data reliability and limited analytical ability; (2) there is openness and enthusiasm for sharing data for advancing health; however, multiple barriers hinder this including appropriate regulatory frameworks, platforms for sharing data, interoperability and defined win-win scenarios; (3) there is limited capacity in the area of both human capital and infrastructure, for being able to use data to advance health, but there is appetite to improve and invest in capacity in this area., Conclusions: Our study identified key areas of focus that can contribute to orient a national health data roadmap and ecosystem in Pakistan., Competing Interests: Competing interests: Dr ZS reports research grant support from the NIH-Fogarty International Center for the AKUPI-NCDs Research training program (Project Number 5D43TW011625-02) and UZIMA DS (U54TW012089); the NIHR, UK for the Centre for IMPACT (NIHR203248); Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV 021944 & INV 050389); and Duke University. Dr SV MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA, FASPC Research support: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, National Institutes of Health, World Heart Federation, Tahir and Jooma Family; Honorarium: American College of Cardiology American College of Cardiology (Associate Editor for Innovations, acc.org); Associate Editor (Current Atherosclerosis Reports, Current Cardiology reports, Journal of Clinical Lipidology). Dr ZB MBBS, FRCPCH, FAAP, PhD Executive Director of NCD Child., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: To describe the current evidence related to the self-management of cardiac pain in women using the process and methodology of evidence mapping., Design and Setting: Literature search for studies that describe the self-management of cardiac pain in women greater than 18 years of age, managed in community, primary care or outpatient settings, published in English or a Scandinavian language between 1 January 1990 and 24 June 2016 using AMED, CINAHL, ERIC, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Proquest, PsychInfo, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Swemed+, Web of Science, the Clinical Trials Registry, International Register of Controlled Trials, MetaRegister of Controlled Trials, theses and dissertations, published conference abstracts and relevant websites using GreyNet International, ISI proceedings, BIOSIS and Conference papers index. Two independent reviewers screened using predefined eligibility criteria. Included articles were classified according to study design, pain category, publication year, sample size, per cent women and mean age., Interventions: Self-management interventions for cardiac pain or non-intervention studies that described views and perspectives of women who self-managed cardiac pain., Primary and Secondary Outcomes Measures: Outcomes included those related to knowledge, self-efficacy, function and health-related quality of life., Results: The literature search identified 5940 unique articles, of which 220 were included in the evidence map. Only 22% (n=49) were intervention studies. Sixty-nine per cent (n=151) of the studies described cardiac pain related to obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), 2% (n=5) non-obstructive CAD and 15% (n=34) postpercutaneous coronary intervention/cardiac surgery. Most were published after 2000, the median sample size was 90 with 25%-100% women and the mean age was 63 years., Conclusions: Our evidence map suggests that while much is known about the differing presentations of obstructive cardiac pain in middle-aged women, little research focused on young and old women, non-obstructive cardiac pain or self-management interventions to assist women to manage cardiac pain., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42016042806., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)