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Introduction: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) occur frequently in patients undergoing lung surgery under general anaesthesia and are strongly associated with longer postoperative hospital stays and increased mortality. The existing literature has shown that a higher level of preoperative physical activity (PA) plays a positive role in the low incidence of postoperative complications and the quality of life in patients undergoing lung surgery. However, the association between preoperative PA levels and the incidence of PPCs has rarely been studied, particularly in thoracoscopic lung surgery. This study aims to evaluate PA levels in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung surgery using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and to investigate the association between PA levels and the incidence of PPCs., Methods and Analysis: A total of 204 participants aged 18-80 years undergoing thoracoscopic lung surgery (thoracoscopic wedge resection, thoracoscopic segmentectomy and thoracoscopic lobectomy) will be included in the study. The primary outcome is the incidence of PPCs within the first 5 postoperative days. The secondary outcomes include the number of PPCs, the incidence of PPCs 1 month postoperatively, the arterial blood levels of inflammatory markers, the incidence of postoperative adverse events within the first 5 postoperative days, extubation time, unplanned admission to the intensive care unit, postoperative length of stay and mortality 1 month postoperatively., Ethics and Dissemination: The study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University on 31 March 2022 (YXLL-KY-2022(014)) and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. We plan to disseminate the data and findings of this study in international and peer-reviewed journals., Trial Registration Number: The trial has been prospectively registered at the clinicaltrials.gov registry (NCT05401253)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the effects of combining topical airway anaesthesia with intravenous induction on haemodynamic variables during the induction period in patients undergoing cardiac surgery., Methods and Analysis: This randomised, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group, superiority study from 1 March 2021 to 31 December 2021 will include 96 participants scheduled for cardiac surgery. Participants will be screened into three blocks (ASA II, ASA III, ASA IV) according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade and then randomly allocated into two groups within the block in a 1:1 ratio. Concealment of allocation will be maintained using opaque, sealed envelopes generated by a nurse according to a computer-generated randomisation schedule. In addition to general intravenous anaesthetics, participants will receive supraglottic and subglottic topical anaesthesia. Changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate in both groups will be recorded by an independent investigator at the start of anaesthesia induction until the skin incision. If vasopressors are used during this period, the frequency, dosage and types of vasopressors will be recorded. The incidence and severity of participants' postoperative hoarseness and sore throat will also be assessed., Ethics and Dissemination: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province (registration number: YXLL-KY-2021(003)). The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and in conferences or congresses., Trial Registration Number: NCT04744480., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)