57 results
Search Results
2. Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Author
-
N. K. de Rooij, J. Van der Plas, Gabriel J.E. Rinkel, F. H. H. Linn, A. Algra, and University of Groningen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paper ,HORMONAL FACTORS ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Subarachnoid hemorrhage ,NEW-ZEALAND ,Poison control ,INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS ,Aneurysm, Ruptured ,STROKE INCIDENCE ,symbols.namesake ,Age Distribution ,30-DAY CASE-FATALITY ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,COMMUNITY STROKE ,COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY ,Poisson regression ,Sex Distribution ,Stroke ,IZUMO CITY ,Aged ,Demography ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Intracranial Aneurysm ,Middle Aged ,Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,symbols ,RISK-FACTORS ,Subarachnoid haemorrhage ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Seasons ,TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS ,business - Abstract
Background and aim: To update our 1996 review on the incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and assess the relation of incidence with region, age, gender and time period.Methods: We searched for studies on the incidence of SAH published until October 2005. The overall incidences with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. We determined the relationship between the incidence of SAH and determinants by means of univariate Poisson regression.Results: We included 51 studies (33 new), describing 58 study populations in 21 countries, observing 45 821 896 person-years. Incidences per 100 000 person-years were 22.7 (95% CI 21.9 to 23.5) in Japan, 19.7 (18.1 to 21.3) in Finland, 4.2 (3.1 to 5.7) in South and Central America, and 9.1 (8.8 to 9.5) in the other regions. With age category 45-55 years as the reference, incidence ratios increased from 0.10 (0.08 to 0.14) for age groups younger than 25 years to 1.61 (1.24 to 2.07) for age groups older than 85 years. The incidence in women was 1.24 (1.09 to 1.42) times higher than in men; this gender difference started at age 55 years and increased thereafter. Between 1950 and 2005, the incidence decreased by 0.6% (1.3% decrease to 0.1% increase) per year.Conclusions: The overall incidence of SAH is approximately 9 per 100 000 person-years. Rates are higher in Japan and Finland and increase with age. The preponderance of women starts only in the sixth decade. The decline in incidence of SAH over the past 45 years is relatively moderate compared with that for stroke in general.
- Published
- 2007
3. Anterior cruciate ligament injury: towards a gendered environmental approach.
- Author
-
Parsons, Joanne L., Coen, Stephanie E., and Bekker, Sheree
- Subjects
ANTERIOR cruciate ligament injuries ,SEX factors in disease ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery ,BODY image ,RISK-taking behavior ,SPORTS injuries - Abstract
Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rate for girls/women has not changed in over 20 years, and they remain 3-6 times more likely to experience injury compared with boys/men. To date, ACL injury prevention and management has been approached from a sex-based biological point of view which has furthered our understanding of injury risk factors, mechanisms, and prevention and rehabilitation programmes. However, the traditional sex-based approach does not take into account the growing recognition of how sex and gender (a social construct) are 'entangled' and influence each other.Objective: This paper discusses the curious absence of gender as an influencer in the dialogue surrounding ACL injuries. We propose adding gender as a pervasive developmental environment as a new theoretical overlay to an established injury model to illustrate how gender can operate as an extrinsic determinant from the presport, training and competition environments through to ACL injury and the treatment environment.Approach: We draw on social epidemiological theories of the embodiment of gender and health to provide plausible examples of how gender may influence ACL injury, and demonstrate the opportunity for new, interdisciplinary research in the field.Conclusion: Over 20 years of research has failed to decrease the ACL injury rate disparity between girls/women and boys/men. Embedding gender in the study of ACL injury will heighten awareness of possible influences outside the traditional biological elements, challenge us to think about the inextricable 'entanglement' of sex and gender, and inform more effective approaches to ACL injury prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Managing head injury risks in competitive skateboarding: what do we know?
- Author
-
McIntosh, Andrew Stuart, Patton, Declan Alexander, McIntosh, Alexander G. D., and McIntosh, Alexander Gd
- Subjects
SKULL fractures ,MOTORCYCLING injuries ,HEAD injuries ,SKATEBOARDING ,RUGBY Union football ,ATHLETES ,SKATEBOARDS ,SWIMMERS ,BLUNT trauma ,HEAD injury prevention ,DATABASES ,PILOT projects ,MEDICAL equipment reliability ,ICE skating ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,ATHLETIC equipment ,PRODUCT design ,SAFETY hats ,ACCIDENTAL falls ,BRIEF Symptom Inventory ,VIDEO recording ,KINEMATICS - Abstract
Objectives: The broad objective of this paper is to inform policy, practice and research regarding the management of head injury risks in competitive skateboarding. The main motivation for the current study was the question of mandating helmet use in competitive skateboarding. The specific aims are to present current knowledge on (A) head injury risks in skateboarding, (B) preliminary biomechanical data on falls and head injury risks in a selection of competitive skateboarding events similar to those planned for the Summer Olympics, (C) standards for skateboard-styled helmets and (D) impact performance of helmets commonly used in skateboarding.Methods: A narrative review of the published literature on head injuries in skateboarding was conducted. Videos of skateboarding competitions from Vans Park Professional League, Street League Skateboarding and Dew Tour were reviewed to describe crashes and falls. Standards databases including the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), British Standards Institution (BSI), Snell, United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) were searched for skateboarding-styled helmet standards. A sample of helmets considered suitable for skateboarding was tested in standard impact tests.Results: The majority of previous literature focused on the paediatric population in a recreational setting with little data from competitive skateboarding. Head injuries comprised up to 75% of all injuries and helmet use was less than 35%. Video analysis identified high rates of falls and crashes during competitive skateboarding, but also a capacity for the athletes to control falls and limit head impacts. Less than 5% of competitive skateboarders wore helmets. In addition to dedicated national skateboard helmet standards, there are several national standards for skateboard-styled helmets. All helmets, with the exception of one uncertified helmet, had similar impact attenuation performance; that is, at 0.8 m drop height, 114-148 g; at 1.5 m, 173-220 g; and at 2.0 m, 219-259 g. Impact performance in the second impact was degraded in all helmets tested.Conclusion: Helmets styled for skateboarding are available 'off the shelf' that will offer protection to the head against skull fractures and intracranial injuries in competitive skateboarding. There is an urgent need to commence a programme of research and development to understanding and control head injury risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Athlete health and safety at large sporting events: the development of consensus-driven guidelines.
- Author
-
Mountjoy, Margo, Moran, Jane, Ahmed, Hosny, Bermon, Stephane, Bigard, Xavier, Doerr, Dominik, Lacoste, Alain, Miller, Stuart, Weber, Alexis, Foster, Jeremy, Budgett, Richard, Engebretsen, Lars, Burke, Louise M., Gouttebarge, Vincent, Grant, Marie-Elaine, McCloskey, Brian, Piccininni, Paul, Racinais, Sebastien, Stuart, Mark, and Zideman, David
- Subjects
ATHLETES' health ,SPORTS events ,SPORTS safety ,INTERNATIONAL organization ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,MEDICAL care standards ,SAFETY ,FOCUS groups ,SPORTS ,ATHLETES ,PUBLIC health ,RISK assessment ,EMERGENCY medical services ,INTERNATIONAL agencies - Abstract
All sport events have inherent injury and illness risks for participants. Healthcare services for sport events should be planned and delivered to mitigate these risks which is the ethical responsibility of all sport event organisers. The objective of this paper was to develop consensus-driven guidelines describing the basic standards of services necessary to protect athlete health and safety during large sporting events. By using the Knowledge Translation Scheme Framework, a gap in International Federation healthcare programming for sport events was identified. Event healthcare content areas were determined through a narrative review of the scientific literature. Content experts were systematically identified. Following a literature search, an iterative consensus process was undertaken. The outcome document was written by the knowledge translation expert writing group, with the assistance of a focus group consisting of a cohort of International Federation Medical Chairpersons. Athletes were recruited to review and provide comment. The Healthcare Guidelines for International Federation Events document was developed including content-related to (i) pre-event planning (eg, sport medical risk assessment, public health requirements, environmental considerations), (ii) event safety (eg, venue medical services, emergency action plan, emergency transport, safety and security) and (iii) additional considerations (eg, event health research, spectator medical services). We developed a generic standardised template guide to facilitate the planning and delivery of medical services at international sport events. The organisers of medical services should adapt, evaluate and modify this guide to meet the sport-specific local context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Preventing catastrophic injury and death in collegiate athletes: interassociation recommendations endorsed by 13 medical and sports medicine organisations.
- Author
-
Parsons, John T., Anderson, Scott A., Casa, Douglas J., and Hainline, Brian
- Subjects
SPORTS medicine ,COLLEGE athletes ,COLLEGE students ,ATHLETES ,HEAT stroke ,SCHOOL sports ,SPORTS competitions ,MEDICAL care ,SICKLE cell trait - Abstract
The following organisations endorsed this document: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine, College Athletic Trainers' Society, Collegiate Strength and Conditioning Coaches Association, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Korey Stringer Institute, National Athletic Trainers' Association, National Strength and Conditioning Association, National Operating Committee for Standards on Athletic Equipment, Sports Neuropsychology Society. The following organisation has affirmed the value of this document: American Academy of Neurology. The Second Safety in College Football Summit resulted in interassociation consensus recommendations for three paramount safety issues in collegiate athletics: (1) independent medical care for collegiate athletes; (2) diagnosis and management of sport-related concussion; and (3) year-round football practice contact for collegiate athletes. This document, the fourth arising from the 2016 event, addresses the prevention of catastrophic injury, including traumatic and non-traumatic death, in collegiate athletes. The final recommendations in this document are the result of presentations and discussions on key items that occurred at the summit. After those presentations and discussions, endorsing organisation representatives agreed on 18 foundational statements that became the basis for this consensus paper that has been subsequently reviewed by relevant stakeholders and endorsing organisations. This is the final endorsed document for preventing catastrophic injury and death in collegiate athletes. This document is divided into the following components. (1) Background-this section provides an overview of catastrophic injury and death in collegiate athletes. (2) Interassociation recommendations: preventing catastrophic injury and death in collegiate athletes-this section provides the final recommendations of the medical organisations for preventing catastrophic injuries in collegiate athletes. (3) Interassociation recommendations: checklist-this section provides a checklist for each member school. The checklist statements stem from foundational statements voted on by representatives of medical organisations during the summit, and they serve as the primary vehicle for each member school to implement the prevention recommendations. (4) References-this section provides the relevant references for this document. (5) Appendices-this section lists the foundational statements, agenda, summit attendees and medical organisations that endorsed this document. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Prevalence and associated harm of engagement in self-asphyxial behaviours ('choking game') in young people: a systematic review.
- Author
-
Busse, H., Harrop, T., Gunnell, D., and Kipping, R.
- Subjects
DISEASE prevalence ,CHILD mortality ,HUMAN behavior ,PUBLIC health ,JUVENILE diseases ,RESEARCH funding ,RESPIRATORY obstructions ,RISK-taking behavior ,SELF-injurious behavior ,TEENAGERS' conduct of life ,SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of engagement in self-asphyxial (risk-taking) behaviour (SAB) ('choking game') and associated morbidity and mortality in children and young people up to age 20.Design: Systematic literature review.Search Strategy: Electronic database search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, BIOSIS citation index and the Cochrane register with no language or date limits applied. References of key papers were reviewed, and experts were contacted to identify additional relevant papers.Eligibility Criteria: Systematic reviews, cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies, and case reports examining SAB with regard to individuals aged 0-20 years, without explicitly stated autoerotic, suicidal or self-harm intentions were included.Results: Thirty-six relevant studies were identified, and SAB was reported in 10 countries. In North America, France and Colombia, awareness of SAB ranged from 36% to 91% across studies/settings, and the median lifetime prevalence of engagement in SAB was 7.4%. Six studies identified the potential for SAB to be associated with engagement in other risk behaviours. Ninety-nine fatal cases were reported. Of the 24 cases described in detail, most occurred when individuals engaged in SAB alone and used a ligature.Conclusions: The current evidence on SAB among young people is limited, and stems predominantly from North America and France. Awareness of SAB among young people is high, and engagement varies by setting. Further research is needed to understand the level of risk and harm associated with SAB, and to determine the appropriate public health response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. What are the risk factors for injuries and injury prevention strategies for skiers and snowboarders in terrain parks and half-pipes? A systematic review.
- Author
-
Audet, Olivier, Hagel, Brent E., Nettel-Aguirre, Albertro, Mitra, Tatum, Emery, Carolyn A., Macpherson, Alison, Lavoie, Marie Denise, and Goulet, Claude
- Subjects
PREVENTION of injury ,SKIERS ,SNOWBOARDERS ,OLYMPIC Winter Games ,ACROBATICS ,SPORTS injury prevention ,SKIING ,SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
Objective: To synthesise the current evidence regarding the risk factors, the injury prevention strategies and the profile of injured skiers and snowboarders in terrain parks (TPs) and half-pipes (HPs).Design: Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines.Data Sources: Literature searches from six electronic databases and manual searches were performed.Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: Inclusion criteria were: (1) publication based on original data; (2) injuries sustained in TPs or HPs; (3) recreational skiing or snowboarding injuries; (4) observational or experimental study design with a comparison group.Results: No study explored the risk factors in HPs or the prevention strategies in TPs or HPs. From the literature retrieved, there is strong evidence that skiing or snowboarding in a TP is a risk factor for head, neck, back and severe injuries. Two papers assessed the risk factors for injuries in TPs, mainly demonstrating that features promoting aerial manoeuvres or a large drop to the ground were associated with higher feature-specific injury rates. The profile of injured skiers and snowboarders in TPs described in the literature suggested some evidence of associations between factors including activity, sex, skill level, helmet use, age and TP injuries.Summary/conclusions: This systematic review demonstrates the need for studies identifying the risk factors for injuries to skiers and snowboarders and on interventions to reduce the risk of injury in TPs and HPs. Studies addressing the issue of TP design should be considered.Prospero Registration Number: CRD42016045206. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Do Functional Movement Screen (FMS) composite scores predict subsequent injury? A systematic review with meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Moran, Robert W., Schneiders, Anthony G., Mason, Jesse, and Sullivan, S. John
- Subjects
SPORTS injuries treatment ,SPORTS injuries risk factors ,META-analysis ,SPORTS medicine ,MILITARY personnel ,SPORTS injuries ,SKELETAL muscle injuries ,ATHLETES ,POLICE ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,BODY movement ,PREDICTIVE tests ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Aim: This paper aims to systematically review studies investigating the strength of association between FMS composite scores and subsequent risk of injury, taking into account both methodological quality and clinical and methodological diversity.Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis.Data Sources: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted for the period between their inception and 3 March 2016 using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Health Source and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: Inclusion criteria: (1) English language, (2) observational prospective cohort design, (3) original and peer-reviewed data, (4) composite FMS score, used to define exposure and non-exposure groups and (5) musculoskeletal injury, reported as the outcome.Exclusion Criteria: (1) data reported in conference abstracts or non-peer-reviewed literature, including theses, and (2) studies employing cross-sectional or retrospective study designs.Results: 24 studies were appraised using the Quality of Cohort Studies assessment tool. In male military personnel, there was 'strong' evidence that the strength of association between FMS composite score (cut-point ≤14/21) and subsequent injury was 'small' (pooled risk ratio=1.47, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.77, p<0.0001, I2=57%). There was 'moderate' evidence to recommend against the use of FMS composite score as an injury prediction test in football (soccer). For other populations (including American football, college athletes, basketball, ice hockey, running, police and firefighters), the evidence was 'limited' or 'conflicting'.Conclusion: The strength of association between FMS composite scores and subsequent injury does not support its use as an injury prediction tool.Trial Registration Number: PROSPERO registration number CRD42015025575. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Methods matter: population attributable fraction (PAF) in sport and exercise medicine.
- Author
-
Khosravi, Ahmad, Nielsen, Rasmus Oestergaard, and Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
- Subjects
SPORTS medicine ,RUNNING injuries ,SEDENTARY behavior - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Keep calm and carry on testing: a substantive reanalysis and critique of 'what is the evidence for and validity of return-to-sport testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis'.
- Author
-
Capin, Jacob John, Snyder-Mackler, Lynn, Risberg, May Arna, and Grindem, Hege
- Subjects
ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,META-analysis ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,EVIDENCE-based medicine - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Single leg vertical jump performance identifies knee function deficits at return to sport after ACL reconstruction in male athletes.
- Author
-
Kotsifaki, Argyro, Van Rossom, Sam, Whiteley, Rod, Korakakis, Vasileios, Bahr, Roald, Sideris, Vasileios, and Jonkers, Ilse
- Abstract
Objectives: Vertical jump performance (height) is a more representative metric for knee function than horizontal hop performance (distance) in healthy individuals. It is not known what the biomechanical status of athletes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is at the time they are cleared to return to sport (RTS) or whether vertical performance metrics better evaluate knee function.Methods: Standard marker-based motion capture and electromyography (EMG) were collected from 26 male athletes cleared to RTS after ACLR and 22 control healthy subjects during single leg vertical jumps (SLJ) and single leg drop jumps (SLDJ). Performance outcomes, jump height and the Reactive Strength Index, were calculated. Sagittal plane kinematics, joint moments and joint work were obtained using inverse dynamics and lower limb muscle forces were computed using an EMG-constrained musculoskeletal model. Muscle contribution was calculated as a percentage of the impulse of all muscle forces in the model. Between-limb and between-group differences were explored using mixed models analyses.Results: Jump performance, assessed by jump height and Reactive Strength Index, was significantly lower in the involved than the uninvolved limb and controls, with large effect sizes. For the ACLR group, jump height limb symmetry index was 83% and 77% during the SLJ and SLDJ, respectively. Work generation was significantly less in the involved knee compared to uninvolved limb and controls during the SLJ (p<0.001; d=1.19; p=0.003, d=0.91, respectively) and during the SLDJ (p<0.001; d=1.54; p=0.002, d=1.05, respectively). Hamstrings muscle contribution was greater in the involved compared to the uninvolved limb and controls, whereas soleus contribution was lower in the involved limb compared to controls.Conclusions: During vertical jumps, male athletes after ACLR at RTS still exhibit knee biomechanical deficits, despite symmetry in horizontal functional performance and strength tests. Vertical performance metrics like jump height and RSI can better identify interlimb asymmetries than the more commonly used hop distance and should be included in the testing battery for the RTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Does prevention pay off? Economic aspects of sports injury prevention: a systematic review.
- Author
-
Lutter, Christoph, Jacquet, Christophe, Verhagen, Evert, Seil, Romain, and Tischer, Thomas
- Subjects
SPORTS injury prevention ,FERRANS & Powers Quality of Life Index ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,COST benefit analysis ,QUESTIONNAIRES - Abstract
Objective: To identify, summarise and critically assess economic evaluation studies on sports injury prevention strategies.Design: Systematic review.Data Sources: PubMed, SportDiscuss.Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: The current literature was searched following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Economic analyses published since 2010 were checked for inclusion. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Oxford Level of Evidence for economic and decision analysis; underlying randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were rated according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale, and risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.Results: Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The quality assessment revealed limited data quality. For trial-based analysis, underlying RCTs were of good quality and had a low risk of bias. Prevention concepts for general injury reduction showed effectiveness and cost savings. Regarding specific injury types, the analysis of the studies showed that the best data are available for ankle, hamstring and anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Measures using specific training interventions were the predominant form of prevention concepts; studies investigating these concepts showed cost-effectiveness with total cost savings between €24.82 and €462 per athlete.Conclusion: Injury prevention strategies that were studied are cost-effective. However, estimates and outcomes vary throughout the included studies, and precluded pooling of existing data. Knowledge about the cost-effectiveness of evaluated prevention measures will help improve the acceptance and application of prevention initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Surfing on the world stage: a narrative review of acute and overuse injuries and preventative measures for the competitive and recreational surfer.
- Author
-
Minasian, Bayan and Hope, Nigel
- Subjects
PREVENTION of overuse injuries ,SPORTS injury prevention ,SPORTS injuries ,SPORTS ,DISEASE incidence ,LEG ,OVERUSE injuries - Abstract
Surfing has rapidly grown in popularity as the sport made its debut at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Surfing injuries are becoming more relevant with the globalisation and increasing risks of the sport, but despite this, little is known about surfing injuries or prevention strategies in either the competitive or recreational surfer. Prior research demonstrates that surfers are injured at a frequency of 0.74-1.79 injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. We reviewed the literature for the incidence, anatomical distribution, type and underlying mechanism of acute and overuse injuries, and discuss current preventative measures. This review finds that skin injuries represent the highest proportion of total injuries. Acute injuries most frequently affect the head, neck and face, followed by the lower limbs. Being struck by one's own board is the most common mechanism of injury. Non-contact acute ligament injuries have increased as surfing manoeuvres have become more acrobatic and overuse musculoskeletal injuries are highly correlated with paddling. However, there is a paucity of research for surfing injuries, and studies on overuse musculoskeletal injuries and prevention are disproportionally under-represented. Most of the prior studies are limited by small sample sizes, poor data collection methodology and geographical constraints. Further research is needed to establish preventative measures for both acute and overuse surfing injuries and to ensure the increasing popularity of surfing is met with an improved understanding of sport risks and safety. Specifically, we recommend research be prioritised regarding the efficacy of training programmes to prevent surfing-related overuse musculoskeletal injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Effect of unplanned athletic movement on knee mechanics: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Giesche, Florian, Stief, Felix, Groneberg, David A., and Wilke, Jan
- Subjects
KNEE ,ANATOMICAL planes ,ATHLETES ,KNEE injuries ,EMPLOYEE reviews ,KNEE joint ,META-analysis ,CROSS-sectional method ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SPORTS ,BODY movement ,KINEMATICS - Abstract
Objective: To compare the effects of pre-planned and unplanned movement tasks on knee biomechanics in uninjured individuals.Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis.Data Sources: Five databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and Web of Science) were searched from inception to November 2020. Cross-sectional, (randomised) controlled/non-controlled trials comparing knee angles/moments of pre-planned and unplanned single-leg landings/cuttings were included. Quality of evidence was assessed using the tool of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group.Methods: A multilevel meta-analysis with a robust random-effects meta-regression model was used to pool the standardised mean differences (SMD) of knee mechanics between pre-planned and unplanned tasks. The influence of possible effect modifiers (eg, competitive performance level) was examined in a moderator analysis.Results: Twenty-five trials (485 participants) with good methodological quality (Downs and Black) were identified. Quality of evidence was downgraded due to potential risk of bias (eg, confounding). Moderate-quality evidence indicates that unplanned tasks evoked significantly higher external knee abduction (SMD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.51, 14 studies) and tibial internal rotation moments (SMD: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.79, 11 studies). No significant between-condition differences were detected for sagittal plane mechanics (p>0.05). According to the moderator analysis, increased abduction moments particularly occurred in non-professional athletes (SMD: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.95, 5 studies).Conclusion: Unplanned movement entails higher knee abduction and tibial internal rotation moments, which could predispose for knee injury. Exercise professionals designing injury-prevention protocols, especially for non-elite athletes, should consider the implementation of assessments and exercises requiring time-constrained decision-making.Prospero Registration Number: CRD42019140331. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Injury rates decreased in men's professional football: an 18-year prospective cohort study of almost 12 000 injuries sustained during 1.8 million hours of play.
- Author
-
Ekstrand, Jan, Spreco, Armin, Bengtsson, Håkan, and Bahr, Roald
- Subjects
SOCCER players ,MALE athletes ,RUNNING injuries ,MEDICAL personnel ,WOUNDS & injuries ,COHORT analysis ,TEAMS in the workplace ,SOCCER ,SPORTS injuries ,DISEASE incidence ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: The UEFA Elite Club Injury Study is the largest and longest running injury surveillance programme in football.Objective: To analyse the 18-season time trends in injury rates among male professional football players.Methods: 3302 players comprising 49 teams (19 countries) were followed from 2000-2001 through 2018-2019. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries.Results: A total of 11 820 time-loss injuries were recorded during 1 784 281 hours of exposure. Injury incidence fell gradually during the 18-year study period, 3% per season for both training injuries (95% CI 1% to 4% decrease, p=0.002) and match injuries (95% CI 2% to 3% decrease, p<0.001). Ligament injury incidence decreased 5% per season during training (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001) and 4% per season during match play (95% CI 3% to 6% decrease, p<0.001), while the rate of muscle injuries remained constant. The incidence of reinjuries decreased by 5% per season during both training (95% CI 2% to 8% decrease, p=0.001) and matches (95% CI 3% to 7% decrease, p<0.001). Squad availability increased by 0.7% per season for training sessions (95% CI 0.5% to 0.8% increase, p<0.001) and 0.2% per season for matches (95% CI 0.1% to 0.3% increase, p=0.001).Conclusions: Over 18 years: (1) injury incidence decreased in training and matches, (2) reinjury rates decreased, and (3) player availability for training and match play increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Para sport translation of the IOC consensus on recording and reporting of data for injury and illness in sport.
- Author
-
Derman, Wayne, Badenhorst, Marelise, Blauwet, Cheri, Emery, Carolyn A., Fagher, Kristina, Young-Hee Lee, Kissick, James, Lexell, Jan, Miller, Ian Stuart, Pluim, Babette M., Schwellnus, Martin, Steffen, Kathrin, Van de Vliet, Peter, Webborn, Nick, Weiler, Richard, and Lee, Young-Hee
- Subjects
SPORTS injuries ,TRANSLATING & interpreting ,ATHLETES' health ,DATA recorders & recording ,ATHLETES ,WHEELCHAIR sports - Abstract
In 2020, the IOC proposed a universal methodology for the recording and reporting of data for injury and illness in sport. Para sport is played by individuals with impairment, and they have a unique set of considerations not captured by these recommendations. Therefore, the aim of this addendum to IOC consensus statement was to guide the Para sport researcher through the complexities and nuances that should be taken into consideration when collecting, registering, reporting and interpreting data regarding Para athlete health. To develop this translation, experts in the field of Para sports medicine and epidemiology conducted a formal consensus development process, which began in March 2020 with the formation of a consensus group that worked over eight phases, incorporating three virtual consensus meetings to finalise the translation. This translation is consistent with the IOC consensus statement, yet provides more detailed Para athlete specific definitions and recommendations on study population, specifically, diagnostic and eligible impairment categorisation and recording of adaptive equipment, and defining and classifying health problems in the context of Para sport. Additionally, recommendations and Para athlete specific examples are described with regards to injury mechanism, mode of onset, injury and illness classification, duration, capturing and reporting exposure and risk. Finally, methods and considerations are provided to cater to the varied needs of athletes with impairment with respect to data collection tools. This harmonisation will allow the science to develop and facilitate a more accurate understanding of injury and illness patterns for tailoring evidence-informed prevention programmes and enabling better planning of medical services for Para sport events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Protecting the world's finest athletes: periodic health evaluation practices of the top performing National Olympic Committees from the 2016 Rio or 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games.
- Author
-
Nabhan, ustin, Taylor, David, Lewis, Melie, Bahr, Roald, and Nabhan, Dustin
- Subjects
ATHLETES ,ATHLETES' health ,SHOULDER injuries ,BRAIN concussion ,OLYMPIC Games ,ATHLETIC ability ,SICKLE cell trait ,SPORTS nutrition - Abstract
Aim: To describe the periodic health evaluation (PHE) practices of the top performing National Olympic Committees (NOCs).Methods: We sent a survey to NOCs finishing in the top 8 for medal count at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games or 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games. The survey included four sections: (1) PHE staff composition and roles, (2) beliefs regarding the PHE, (3) a ranking of risk factors for future injury and (4) details on the elements of the PHE.Results: All 14 NOCs with top 8 finishes at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games or 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Games completed the survey. NOCs included a median of seven staff specialties in the PHE, with physicians and physiotherapists having the highest level of involvement. There was agreement that PHEs are effective in identifying current health conditions (13/14) and that athletes should receive individualised action plans after their PHE (14/14), but less agreement (6/14) that PHEs can predict future injury. The practices of NOCs were diverse and often specific to the athlete population being tested, but always included the patient's health history, laboratory studies, cardiovascular screening and assessments of movement capacity. The top three risk factors for future injury were thought to be previous injury, age and training experience.Conclusions: Among the top performing NOCs, the PHE is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary process aimed to identify existing conditions and provide baseline health and performance profiles in the event of future injury. Research linking PHEs to injury prevention is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Does load management using the acute:chronic workload ratio prevent health problems? A cluster randomised trial of 482 elite youth footballers of both sexes.
- Author
-
Dalen-Lorentsen, Torstein, Bjørneboe, John, Clarsen, Benjamin, Vagle, Markus, Fagerland, Morten Wang, and Andersen, Thor Einar
- Subjects
SOCCER teams ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning ,SOCCER players ,SOCIAL problems ,CONTROL groups - Abstract
Background: The acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) is commonly used to manage training load in sports, particularly to reduce injury risk. However, despite its extensive application as a prevention intervention, the effectiveness of load management using ACWR has never been evaluated in an experimental study.Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a load management intervention designed to reduce the prevalence of health problems among elite youth football players of both sexes.Methods: We cluster-randomised 34 elite youth football teams (16 females, 18 males) to an intervention group (18 teams) and a control group (16 teams). Intervention group coaches planned all training based on published ACWR load management principles using a commercially available athlete management system for a complete 10-month season. Control group coaches continued to plan training as normal. The prevalence of health problems was measured monthly in both groups using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems.Results: The between-group difference in health problem prevalence (primary outcome) was 1.8%-points (-4.1 to 7.7 %-points; p=0.55) with no reduction in the likelihood of reporting a health problem in the intervention group (relative risk 1.01 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.12); p=0.84) compared with the control group.Conclusions: We observed no between-group difference, suggesting that this specific load management intervention was not successful in preventing health problems in elite youth footballers.Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN18177140. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Service evaluation of laceration risk using trainer adrenaline auto-injectors.
- Author
-
Pike, Louise Charlotte and Tuthill, David
- Subjects
RISK assessment ,ADRENALINE ,INFORMED consent (Medical law) ,ATHLETIC trainers - Abstract
Objective: Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially fatal allergic reaction best treated with intramuscular epinephrine via epinephrine auto-injectors (AAIs). Our published concerns over laceration injuries to young children associated with AAIs led to this service evaluation of the two administration methods: swing and jab (S&J) and place and press (P&P), to determine potential laceration risk.Design: A trainer EpiPen was used with facepaint placed in the needle indentation which would record the length of movement of the AAI. The two different methods 'administered' were alternated. Children were asked to move their leg to simulate a withdrawal reaction. Age, whether they moved, and length of paint mark were recorded.Setting: Outpatients waiting area in Noah's Ark Children's Hospital, Cardiff.Participants: Children aged 5-11 with no prior knowledge of AAI use.Intervention: No intervention was implemented.Results: 135 children (mean age 8 years; range 5-11 years) were asked to participate; measurements were taken from 100 children. 50 children moved for one or both methods. For those that moved, S&J mean paint length=8.3 mm (SD 17.4, 95% CI 3.4 to 13.3), P&P mean=3.5 mm (SD 11.0, 95% CI 0.4 to 6.6). Mean difference between methods was 4.8 mm (SD 10.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 7.7). Slightly more children moved for S&J (44) compared with 38 for P&P.Conclusions: S&J produces more movement and longer paint marks than P&P. The risk of laceration when administering an EpiPen to young children may be lower by using the more controlled P&P. We feel it is advisable to teach P&P instead in children below 11 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. International consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injuries and illnesses in golf.
- Author
-
Murray, Andrew, Junge, Astrid, Robinson, Patrick Gordon, Bizzini, Mario, Bossert, Andre, Clarsen, Benjamin, Coughlan, Daniel, Cunningham, Corey, Drobny, Tomas, Gazzano, Francois, Gill, Lance, Hawkes, Roger, Hospel, Tom, Neal, Robert, Lavelle, Jonathan, Scanlon, Antony, Schamash, Patrick, Thomas, Bruce, Voight, Mike, and Wotherspoon, Mark
- Subjects
ATHLETES ,FEMORACETABULAR impingement ,MEDICAL personnel ,SPORTS injuries ,GOLF ,WOUNDS & injuries ,DISEASES - Abstract
Epidemiological studies of injury in elite and recreational golfers have lacked consistency in methods and definitions employed and this limits comparison of results across studies. In their sports-generic statement, the Consensus Group recruited by the IOC (2020) called for sport-specific consensus statements. On invitation by International Golf Federation, a group of international experts in sport and exercise medicine, golf research and sports injury/illness epidemiology was selected to prepare a golf-specific consensus statement. Methodological stages included literature review and initial drafting, online feedback from the consensus group, revision and second draft, virtual consensus meetings and completion of final version. This consensus statement provides golf-specific recommendations for data collection and research reporting including: (i) injury and illness definitions, and characteristics with golf-specific examples, (ii) definitions of golf-specific exposure measurements and recommendations for the calculation of prevalence and incidence, (iii) injury, illness and exposure report forms for medical staff and for golfers, and (iv) a baseline questionnaire. Implementation of the consensus methodology will enable comparison among golf studies and with other sports. It facilitates analysis of causative factors for injuries and illness in golf, and can also be used to evaluate the effects of prevention programmes to support the health of golfers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Preventing injuries in alpine skiing giant slalom by shortening the vertical distance between the gates rather than increasing the horizontal gate offset to control speed.
- Author
-
Gilgien, Matthias, Crivelli, Philip, Kröll, Josef, Luteberget, Live S., Müller, Erich, and Spörri, Jörg
- Subjects
DOWNHILL skiing ,ATHLETES ,GLOBAL Positioning System - Abstract
Background/aim: To set a safe giant slalom course, speed needs to be controlled in certain sections. Speed may be reduced by adjusting how the gates are set on a course. We studied the effect of elements of course-setting, entrance speed and terrain incline on the mechanics of turning (ie, turn speed, turn radius, and ground reaction force and impulse).Methods: During seven World Cup alpine giant slalom competitions, the course and terrain characteristics of the official racetracks and the mechanics of a professional-level athlete skiing the course immediately prior to competition were analysed with differential global navigation satellite system technology. Data were analysed using a linear mixed-effects model.Results: Course-setting geometry (vertical gate distance and horizontal gate offset), entrance speed and terrain incline modulated the injury-relevant factor turn speed. Depending on the terrain, the speed throughout a turn can be reduced by 0.5 m/s either by shortening the vertical gate distance by 4.9-6.9 m (from -20% to -29%) or by increasing the horizontal gate offset by 2.8-3.2 m (from +33% to +55%). However, increasing the horizontal gate offset causes the skier to turn with a smaller minimal turn radius, increase maximal ground reaction force and also increase impulse.Discussion: To reduce speed, we recommend decreasing the vertical gate distance rather than increasing the horizontal gate offset. Increasing horizontal gate offset would require the skiers to sharpen and prolong their turns (reducing turn radius), and this increases the acting ground reaction force and impulse and thus the athlete's fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Forty-five per cent lower acute injury incidence but no effect on overuse injury prevalence in youth floorball players (aged 12-17 years) who used an injury prevention exercise programme: two-armed parallel-group cluster randomised controlled trial.
- Author
-
Åkerlund, Ida, Waldén, Markus, Sonesson, Sofi, and Hägglund, Martin
- Subjects
OVERUSE injuries ,PLICA syndrome ,RUNNING injuries ,PREVENTION of injury ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament injuries ,WOUNDS & injuries ,SPORTS injuries - Abstract
Objective: To study whether an injury prevention exercise programme would reduce the number of injuries in youth floorball players. METHODS : 81 youth community level floorball teams (48 clusters=clubs) with female and male players (12-17 years) were cluster-randomised into an intervention or control group. Intervention group coaches were instructed to use the Swedish Knee Control programme and a standard running warm-up before every training session, and the running warm-up before every match, during the season. Control teams continued usual training. Teams were followed during the 2017/2018 competitive season (26 weeks). Player exposure to floorball and occurrence of acute and overuse injuries were reported weekly via a web-based player survey using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire. RESULTS : 17 clusters (301 players) in the intervention group and 12 clusters (170 players) in the control group were included for analyses. There were 349 unique injuries in 222 players. The intervention group had a 35% lower incidence of injuries overall than the control group (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.81). The absolute risk reduction was 6.6% (95% CI 3.2 to 10.0), and the number needed to treat was 152 hours of floorball exposure (95% CI 100 to 316). Intervention group teams had a 45% lower incidence of acute injuries (adjusted IRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.83). There was no difference in the prevalence of overuse injuries (adjusted prevalence rate ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.26). CONCLUSION : The Knee Control injury prevention programme reduced acute injuries in youth floorball players; there was no effect on overuse injuries.Trial Registration Number: Clinical Trials NCT03309904. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Autism spectrum disorder and unintentional fatal drowning of children and adolescents in Australia: an epidemiological analysis.
- Author
-
Peden, Amy E. and Willcox-Pidgeon, Stacey
- Subjects
AUTISM spectrum disorders ,DROWNING ,CHILDREN with autism spectrum disorders ,TEENAGERS - Abstract
Objectives: This study explored unintentional fatal drowning among children and adolescents (0-19 years) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Australia.Design: This total population, cross-sectional audit used data from the Royal Life Saving National Fatal Drowning Database to explore demographic and causal factors in ASD drowning cases between 1 July 2002 and 30 June 2018. Rates and relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for drowning cases with and without ASD, using estimated population-level prevalence data.Results: Of the 667 cases of drowning among 0-19 year olds with known medical history, 27 children and adolescents (4.0%) who drowned had an ASD diagnosis. Children and adolescents with ASD were three times more likely to drown than those without ASD (RR=2.85; CI 0.61 to 13.24). Among those with ASD, 0-4 year olds record the highest rate (11.60/100 000 diagnosed). Children and adolescents with ASD were significantly more likely to drown when compared with those without ASD: if aged 5-9 years (44.4% of ASD-yes cases; 13.3% of ASD-no cases); in a lake or dam (25.9% vs 10.0%) and during winter (37.0% vs 13.1%).Conclusion: Heightened awareness of drowning risk for children and adolescents with ASD is required, including adult supervision and barriers restricting water access. Further evaluation of the effectiveness of personal alarms to alert caregivers to an unsupervised child is warranted. Challenges exist regarding accurate estimates of population-level ASD prevalence and identification of ASD in coronial files. As the diagnosis of ASD does not often occur until age five, results may be an underestimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Rib stress injuries in the 2012-2016 (Rio) Olympiad: a cohort study of 151 Australian Rowing Team athletes for 88 773 athlete days.
- Author
-
Harris, Rachel, Trease, Larissa, Wilkie, Kellie, and Drew, Michael
- Subjects
RIB fractures ,MEDICAL personnel - Abstract
Aim: To describe the demographics, frequency, location, imaging modality and clinician-identified factors of rib stress injury in a cohort of elite rowers over the Rio Olympiad (2012-2016).Methods: Analysis of prospectively recorded medical records for the Australian Rowing Team in 2013-2015 and the combined Australian Rowing Team and Olympic Shadow Squad in 2016, examining all rib stress injuries.Results: 19 rib stress injuries (12 reactions and 7 fractures) were identified among a cohort of 151 athletes and included 12 female and 7 male cases, 11 open weight, 8 lightweight, 12 scull and 7 sweep cases. The most common locations of injury identified by imaging, were the mid-axillary line and rib 6. Period prevalence varied from 4% to 15.4% and incidence ranged from 0.27 to 0.13 per 1000 athlete days. There were no significant differences in prevalence by sex, sweep versus scull or weight class. There was a statistically significant increase in incidence in the pre-Olympic year (2015, p<0.001). MRI was the most commonly used modality for diagnosis. Stress fracture resulted in median 69 (IQR 56-157) and bone stress reaction resulted in 57 (IQR 45-78) days lost to full on water training.Conclusions: In our 4-year report of rib stress injury in elite rowing athletes, period prevalence was consistent with previous reports and time lost (median ~10 weeks) was greater than previously published literature. Rib stress injury limits training and performance in elite rowers and MRI should be considered as a first line investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Close encounters of the US kind: illness and injury among US athletes at the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games.
- Author
-
Nabhan, Dustin, Windt, Johann, Taylor, David, and Moreau, William
- Subjects
OLYMPIC Winter Games ,ATHLETES ,ATHLETES with disabilities ,MEDICAL personnel ,SPORTS physicians ,ATHLETIC trainers ,SPORTS participation ,MEDICAL care ,DISEASES - Abstract
Aim: To describe injury and illness incidence during the 2018 Winter Olympic Games (WOG) by Team USA.Methods: A descriptive observational study. We used registered Team USA Olympic athletes' electronic medical records to review preparticipation health histories and medical encounters immediately prior to and throughout the 2018 WOG. Medical encounters were defined as all medical services provided by a healthcare provider, including evaluation, treatment and prophylactic services. All medical conditions were described according to International Olympic Committee injury and illness reporting criteria.Results: Team USA included 134 men and 108 women, aged 18-39 years, who represented 17 sport federations. The 47 Team USA medical staff documented 1744 medical encounters on 242 registered athletes (7.2 medical encounters per athlete). Forty-seven illnesses (194.2/1000 athletes) and 32 time loss injuries (132.2/1000 athletes) were recorded during the Games.Conclusions: An injury surveillance programme consisting of an electronic preparticipation health history and surveillance of medical encounters during the WOG was used to describe the health status of Team USA. We noted limitations to the surveillance process that can be addressed at future events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Letting the cat out of the bag: athletes, coaches and physiotherapists share their perspectives on injury prevention in elite sports.
- Author
-
Bolling, Caroline, Delfino Barboza, Saulo, van Mechelen, Willem, and Pasman, H. Roeline
- Subjects
SPORTS injury prevention ,PSYCHOLOGY of athletes ,PHYSICAL fitness ,QUALITATIVE research ,LEARNING ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,COMMUNICATION ,ATHLETIC ability ,PHYSICAL therapists - Abstract
Objectives: To explore how sports injury prevention takes place in elite sport practice and to describe the perspectives of athletes, coaches and physiotherapists regarding the most critical factors that help prevent injury in the elite sports context.Methods: Qualitative study. Semistructured interviews with 19 international level athletes, coaches and physiotherapists, from different Olympic sports. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using comparative data analysis based on Grounded Theory.Results: The participants perceived injury risk as an inherent part of elite sports, because athletes try to enhance performance by pushing their limits. Participants described injury prevention as a learning process that changed over time, based on their sports experience and the injuries that they had sustained along their career. Communication among the athletes, coaches and physiotherapists was described as a key component of the injury prevention process. Study participants emphasised the relevance of teamwork and shared responsibility. Performance was presented as the core of the athlete's daily practice, indicating that injury prevention can be a means to that end but is not a goal in itself for this community.Conclusion: Participants perceive injury prevention as part of elite sports and thus embrace the need for injury prevention. Injury prevention strategies in elite sports were described as a learning process, following the dynamic nature of training for maximal performance. Performance is the participants' main goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Consensus on a video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions by the Rugby Union Video Analysis Consensus group.
- Author
-
Hendricks, Sharief, Till, Kevin, den Hollander, Steve, Savage, Trevor N., Roberts, Simon P., Tierney, Gregory, Burger, Nicholas, Kerr, Hamish, Kemp, Simon, Cross, Matthew, Patricios, Jon, McKune, Andrew J., Bennet, Mark, Rock, Andy, Stokes, Keith A., Ross, Alex, Readhead, Clint, Quarrie, Kenneth L., Tucker, Ross, and Jones, Ben
- Subjects
RUGBY Union football ,DEFINITIONS ,DELPHI method ,LIKERT scale - Abstract
Using an expert consensus-based approach, a rugby union Video Analysis Consensus (RUVAC) group was formed to develop a framework for video analysis research in rugby union. The aim of the framework is to improve the consistency of video analysis work in rugby union and help enhance the overall quality of future research in the sport. To reach consensus, a systematic review and Delphi method study design was used. After a systematic search of the literature, 17 articles were used to develop the final framework that described and defined key actions and events in rugby union (rugby). Thereafter, a group of researchers and practitioners with experience and expertise in rugby video analysis formed the RUVAC group. Each member of the group examined the framework of descriptors and definitions and rated their level of agreement on a 5-point agreement Likert scale (1: strongly disagree; 2: disagree; 3: neither agree or disagree; 4: agree; 5: strongly agree). The mean rating of agreement on the five-point scale (1: strongly disagree; 5: strongly agree) was 4.6 (4.3-4.9), 4.6 (4.4-4.9), 4.7 (4.5-4.9), 4.8 (4.6-5.0) and 4.8 (4.6-5.0) for the tackle, ruck, scrum, line-out and maul, respectively. The RUVAC group recommends using this consensus as the starting framework when conducting rugby video analysis research. Which variables to use (if not all) depends on the objectives of the study. Furthermore, the intention of this consensus is to help integrate video data with other data (eg, injury surveillance). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Non-accidental harms ('abuse') in athletes with impairment ('para athletes'): a state-of-the-art review.
- Author
-
Wosornu, Yetsa A. Tuakli, Sun, Qisi, Gentry, Mark, Ayala, Kimberly E. Ona, Doolan, Fiona C., Ottesen, Taylor D., Caldwell, Blake, Naushad, Nida, Huang, Patrick, Kirby, Sandi, Tuakli-Wosornu, Yetsa A, and Ona Ayala, Kimberly E
- Subjects
ATHLETES with disabilities ,CHILDREN with disabilities ,ATHLETES - Abstract
Objective: Para athletes reap significant health benefits from sport but are vulnerable to non-accidental harms. Little is known about the types and impacts of non-accidental harms Para athletes face. In this literature review, we summarise current knowledge and suggest priorities for future research related to non-accidental harms in Para athletes.Design: Six electronic databases were searched between August and September 2017. 2245 articles were identified in the initial title/abstract review, and 202 records were selected for full-text review following preliminary screening. Two independent examiners evaluated each full text, and eight citations were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria.Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus and Academic Search Premier.Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: Inclusion criteria: (A) human participants; (B) written in English; (C) descriptive, cohort and case series, case-control, qualitative, mixed methods studies and all clinical trials; and (D) data pertain to harassment/abuse of youth, recreational, collegiate, national-level and/or elite-level athletes with a physical and/or intellectual impairment.Results: Most studies focused on young, visually impaired athletes and approximately half of all studies described high rates of bullying and its social implications. One study confirmed remarkably high rates of psychological, physical and sexual harms in Para athletes, compared with able-bodied peers.Conclusions: Bullying in young, visually impaired athletes is described most commonly in the available literature. Due to the limited amount of data, the prevalence of non-accidental harms in Para athletes remains unclear and information on trends over time is similarly unavailable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Measuring only hop distance during single leg hop testing is insufficient to detect deficits in knee function after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Kotsifaki, Argyro, Korakakis, Vasileios, Whiteley, Rod, Van Rossom, Sam, and Jonkers, Ilse
- Subjects
KNEE ,META-analysis ,LEG ,TENODESIS ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery ,JUMPER'S knee ,FEMORACETABULAR impingement ,ANATOMICAL planes ,EXERCISE tests ,ONLINE information services ,CINAHL database ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,MEDICAL databases ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PHYSICAL therapy ,MEDLINE ,KINEMATICS - Abstract
Objective: To systematically review the biomechanical deficits after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) during single leg hop for distance (SLHD) testing and report these differences compared with the contralateral leg and with healthy controls.Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis.Data Sources: A systematic search in Pubmed (Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, grey literature and trial registries, was conducted from inception to 1 April 2018.Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: Studies reporting kinematic, kinetic and/or electromyographic data of the ACLR limb during SLHD with no language limits.Results: The literature review yielded 1551 articles and 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed strong evidence of lower peak knee flexion angle and knee flexion moments during landing compared with the uninjured leg and with controls. Also, moderate evidence (with large effect size) of lower knee power absorption during landing compared with the uninjured leg. No difference was found in peak vertical ground reaction force during landing. Subgroup analyses revealed that some kinematic variables do not restore with time and may even worsen.Conclusion: During SLHD several kinematic and kinetic deficits were detected between limbs after ACLR, despite adequate SLHD performance. Measuring only hop distance, even using the healthy leg as a reference, is insufficient to fully assess knee function after ACLR. PROSPERO trial registration number CRD42018087779. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Debunking the myths about training load, injury and performance: empirical evidence, hot topics and recommendations for practitioners.
- Author
-
Gabbett, Tim J.
- Subjects
SPORTS injuries ,WOUNDS & injuries ,AUSTRALIAN football ,AUSTRALIAN football players ,SPORTS participation - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Including the Nordic hamstring exercise in injury prevention programmes halves the rate of hamstring injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 8459 athletes.
- Author
-
van Dyk, Nicol, Behan, Fearghal P., and Whiteley, Rod
- Abstract
Research Question: Does the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) prevent hamstring injuries when included as part of an injury prevention intervention?Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: We considered the population to be any athletes participating in any sporting activity, the intervention to be the NHE, the comparison to be usual training or other prevention programmes, which did not include the NHE, and the outcome to be the incidence or rate of hamstring injuries.Analysis: The effect of including the NHE in injury prevention programmes compared with controls on hamstring injuries was assessed in 15 studies that reported the incidence across different sports and age groups in both women and men.Data Sources: MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL via Ebsco, and OpenGrey.Results: There is a reduction in the overall injury risk ratio of 0.49 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.74, p=0.0008) in favour of programmes including the NHE. Secondary analyses when pooling the eight randomised control studies demonstrated a small increase in the overall injury risk ratio 0.52 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.85, p=0.0008), still in favour of the NHE. Additionally, when studies with a high risk of bias were removed (n=8), there is an increase of 0.06 in the risk ratio to 0.55 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.89, p=0.006).Conclusions: Programmes that include the NHE reduce hamstring injuries by up to 51%. The NHE essentially halves the rate of hamstring injuries across multiple sports in different athletes.Trial Registration Number: PROSPERO CRD42018106150. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Copenhagen adduction exercise can increase eccentric strength and mitigate the risk of groin problems: but how much is enough!
- Author
-
Ishøi, Lasse and Thorborg, Kristian
- Subjects
ADDUCTION ,GROIN ,SPORTS injuries ,GROIN pain ,RESISTANCE training ,HIP exercises - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. 'I'm asking you to believe-not in my ability to create change, but in yours': four strategies to enhance patients' rehabilitation adherence.
- Author
-
Gledhill, Adam, Forsdyke, Dale, and Goom, Tom
- Subjects
NEUROREHABILITATION ,REHABILITATION ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Risk factors for patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Neal, Bradley S., Lack, Simon D., Lankhorst, Nienke E., Raye, Andrew, Morrissey, Dylan, and van Middelkoop, Marienke
- Subjects
ANTHROPOMETRY ,META-analysis ,MILITARY personnel ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,QUADRICEPS muscle ,PLICA syndrome ,MUSCLE weakness ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a prevalent condition commencing at various points throughout life. We aimed to provide an evidence synthesis concerning predictive variables for PFP, to aid development of preventative interventions.Methods: We searched Medline, Web of Science and SCOPUS until February 2017 for prospective studies investigating at least one potential risk factor for future PFP. Two independent reviewers appraised methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We conducted meta-analysis where appropriate, with standardised mean differences (SMD) and risk ratios calculated for continuous and nominal scaled data.Results: This review included 18 studies involving 4818 participants, of whom 483 developed PFP (heterogeneous incidence 10%). Three distinct subgroups (military recruits, adolescents and recreational runners) were identified. Strong to moderate evidence indicated that age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat and Q angle were not risk factors for future PFP. Moderate evidence indicated that quadriceps weakness was a risk factor for future PFP in the military, especially when normalised by BMI (SMD -0.69, CI -1.02, -0.35). Moderate evidence indicated that hip weakness was not a risk factor for future PFP (multiple pooled SMDs, range -0.09 to -0.20), but in adolescents, moderate evidence indicated that increased hip abduction strength was a risk factor for future PFP (SMD 0.71, CI 0.39, 1.04).Conclusions: This review identified multiple variables that did not predict future PFP, but quadriceps weakness in military recruits and higher hip strength in adolescents were risk factors for PFP. Identifying modifiable risk factors is an urgent priority to improve prevention and treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Modifiable risk factors for patellar tendinopathy in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
-
Sprague, Andrew L., Smith, Angela H., Knox, Patrick, Pohlig, Ryan T., and Grävare Silbernagel, Karin
- Subjects
JUMPER'S knee ,TENDINOSIS ,TENDINITIS ,ATHLETES ,SPORTS injuries ,ANKLE ,BASKETBALL ,RANGE of motion of joints ,META-analysis ,RESEARCH funding ,VOLLEYBALL ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,QUADRICEPS muscle ,PATELLAR tendon - Abstract
Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis identifying (1) potential modifiable risk factors and (2) associated modifiable factors for patellar tendinopathy in athletes.Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and grouped based on study design. Meta-analytic statistics were performed for items reported by five or more studies. A strength of evidence rating is provided for items not appropriate for meta-analysis.Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cinahl were searched on 14 November 2017.Eligibility Criteria: Quantitative, original research reporting potential modifiable risk factors or associated factors, comparing athletes with patellar tendinopathy with a group without the injury.Results: 862 records were screened and 31 articles were included (6 prospective, 25 cross-sectional). There was a lack of strong evidence for any potential modifiable risk factor or associated factors. There was limited or conflicting evidence that decreased ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, decreased posterior thigh and quadriceps flexibility, greater volume of jump training, more volleyball sets played per week, greater countermovement jump (CMJ) height and greater activity volume are potential modifiable risk factors. Meta-analysis supported greater activity volume (Cohen's d=0.22, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.39, p=0.008), higher body weight (0.36, 0.17 to 0.55, p<0.001) and greater CMJ height (0.31, 0.07 to 0.56, p=0.01) as associated modifiable factors.Conclusions: There is a lack of strong evidence for any potential modifiable risk factors or associated factors. Factors with lower levels of support may be of interest in designing prevention programmes but require further research in high-quality, prospective studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports: a systematic review with best-evidence synthesis.
- Author
-
Asker, Martin, Brooke, Hannah L., Waldén, Markus, Tranaeus, Ulrika, Johansson, Fredrik, Skillgate, Eva, and Holm, Lena W.
- Subjects
SPORTS injury prevention ,BASEBALL ,RACKET games ,SPORTS injuries ,VOLLEYBALL ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,META-synthesis - Abstract
Objective: To assess the evidence for risk factors and prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports.Design: Systematic review with best-evidence synthesis.Data Sources: Medline (Ovid), PubMed (complementary search), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane (Wiley), SPORTDiscus (Ebsco) and Web of Science Core Collection (Thomson Reuters), from 1 January 1990 to 15 May 2017.Eligibility Criteria For Selecting Studies: Randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies on risk factors or prevention measures for shoulder injuries in overhead sports. The eligible studies were quality assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria.Results: Of 4778 studies identified, 38 were eligible for quality review and 17 met the quality criteria to be included in the evidence synthesis. One additional quality study presented a shoulder injury prevention programme. Most studies focused on baseball, lacrosse or volleyball (n=13). The risk factors examined included participation level (competition vs training) (n=10), sex (n=4), biomechanics (n=2) and external workload (n=2). The evidence for all risk factors was limited or conflicting. The effect of the prevention programme within the subgroup of uninjured players at baseline was modest and possibly lacked statistical power.Conclusions: All investigated potential risk factors for shoulder injury in overhead sports had limited evidence, and most were non-modifiable (eg, sex). There is also limited evidence for the effect of shoulder injury prevention measures in overhead sports.Prospero Trial Registration Number: CRD42015026850. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Road safety in the political agenda: the impact on road traffic injuries
- Author
-
Carme Borrell, Rosana Peiró, Elena Santamariña-Rubio, Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo, Ana M. Novoa, Josep Ferrando, Pilar Zori, Katherine Pérez, Aurelio Tobias, and Rogelio Cozar
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Safety Management ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Poison control ,Walking ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Accident Prevention ,Political agenda ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,Confidence Intervals ,Medicine ,Humans ,Poisson Distribution ,Sex Distribution ,Child ,Aged ,Trauma Severity Indices ,business.industry ,Politics ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Accidents, Traffic ,Infant, Newborn ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Infant ,Regression analysis ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Motor Vehicles ,Spain ,Child, Preschool ,Time and Motion Studies ,Regression Analysis ,Wounds and Injuries ,Female ,business ,Risk Reduction Behavior ,human activities - Abstract
Background: This paper aims at assessing the effectiveness of the package of road safety measures implemented after road safety was included in the political agenda in the year 2004 on the number of road traffic-injured people in Spain. Methods: An evaluation study was performed using an interrupted time-series design. The study population was people injured in road traffic crashes in Spain between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2006. The road traffic crashes database of the General Directorate for Traffic was used. The dependent variable was the monthly number of people injured, stratified by sex, age, severity and type of road user. The explanatory variable (intervention) compared the post-intervention period (2004-6) with the pre-intervention period (2000-3). Quasi-Poisson regression models were adjusted, controlling for time trend and for seasonality. Results: Results show a reduction in the risk of being injured for both men (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.95) and women (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.94). Risk reductions were observed across all age groups and all road users, except for pedestrians. Conclusions: The present study suggests that prioritising road safety reduces the number of people injured in road traffic collisions., his work was supported by the Agencia Española de Tecnologías Sanitarias (Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I+D+I) e Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación) (PI07/90157). The funding source has not had any involvement in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.
- Published
- 2011
39. Infographic. High rate of second ACL injury following ACL reconstruction in male professional footballers: an updated longitudinal analysis from 118 players in the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study.
- Author
-
Villa, Francesco Della, Hägglund, Martin, Villa, Stefano Della, Ekstrand, Jan, Waldén, Markus, Della Villa, Francesco, and Della Villa, Stefano
- Subjects
MALE athletes ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament injuries ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Ethical considerations for the design and implementation of child injury prevention interventions
- Author
-
Béatrice Scholtes, Peter Schröder-Bäck, Promovendi PHPC, RS: CAPHRI - R2 - Creating Value-Based Health Care, and International Health
- Subjects
Program evaluation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,PERCEPTIONS ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Child Health Services ,Psychological intervention ,Proportionality (law) ,Health Promotion ,Paternalism ,03 medical and health sciences ,Accident Prevention ,0302 clinical medicine ,Injury prevention ,FACILITATORS ,medicine ,Humans ,PATERNALISM ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,Health Education ,media_common ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,BARRIERS ,business.industry ,Protective Devices ,Public health ,Beneficence ,Health Plan Implementation ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030229 sport sciences ,Public relations ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Accidents, Home ,Wounds and Injuries ,Public Health ,Psychology ,business ,Autonomy - Abstract
IntroductionPublic health ethics is a growing field of academic interest but ethical discussion of injury prevention seems to have received limited attention. Interventions that promise to be effective are not necessarily—without explicit justification—‘good’ and ‘right’ interventions in every sense. This paper explores public health ethics in the context of child injury prevention with the objective to initiate interdisciplinary dialogue on the ethics of child safety interventions.MethodA framework of seven public health ethics principles (non-maleficence, health maximisation, beneficence, respect for autonomy, justice, efficiency and proportionality) were applied to an intervention to promote child safety in the home.ResultsPreventing child injury in the home is ethically challenging due to the requirement for the state to intervene in the private sphere. Non-maleficence and beneficence are difficult to judge within this intervention as these are likely to be highly dependent on the nature of intervention delivery, in particular, the quality of communication. Respect for autonomy is challenged by an intervention occurring in the home. The socioeconomic gradient in child injury risk is an important factor but a nuanced approach could help to avoid exacerbating inequalities or stigmatisation. Equally, a nuanced approach may be necessary to accommodate the principles of proportionality and efficiency within the local context.ConclusionWe conclude that this intervention is justifiable from an ethical perspective but that this type of reflection loop is helpful to identify the impact of interventions beyond effectiveness.
- Published
- 2019
41. Youth sport injury research: a narrative review and the potential of interdisciplinarity
- Author
-
Solveig E. Hausken-Sutter, Natalie Barker-Ruchti, Stefan Grau, Richard Pringle, and Astrid Schubring
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,football ,Process (engineering) ,injury ,Poison control ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Football ,Review ,Suicide prevention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,R5-920 ,methodological ,Injury prevention ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Biomedicine ,business.industry ,Human factors and ergonomics ,030229 sport sciences ,Engineering ethics ,athlete ,business ,Psychology ,Discipline - Abstract
To prevent sports injuries, researchers have aimed to understand injury aetiology from both the natural and social sciences and through applying different methodologies. This research has produced strong disciplinary knowledge and a number of injury prevention programmes. Yet, the injury rate continues to be high, especially in youth sport and youth football. A key reason for the continued high injury rate is the development of injury prevention programmes based on monodisciplinary knowledge that does not account for the complex nature of sport injury aetiology. The purpose of this paper is to consider and outline an interdisciplinary research process to research the complex nature of sport injury aetiology. To support our proposition, we first present a narrative review of existing youth football and youth sport injury research demonstrating an absence of paradigmatic integration across the research areas’ main disciplines of biomedicine, psychology and sociology. We then demonstrate how interdisciplinary research can address the complexity of youth sport injury aetiology. Finally, we introduce the interdisciplinary process we have recently followed in a youth football injury research project. While further research is necessary, particularly regarding the integration of qualitative and quantitative sport injury data, we propose that the pragmatic interdisciplinary research process can be useful for researchers who aim to work across disciplines and paradigms and aim to employ methodological pluralism in their research.
- Published
- 2021
42. Infographic. Recommendations for hamstring injury prevention in elite football: translating research into practice.
- Author
-
Buckthorpe, Matthew, Wright, Steve, Virgile, Adam, and Gimpel, Mo
- Subjects
ELITE (Social sciences) ,PREVENTION of injury ,HAMSTRING muscle injuries ,SOCCER - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Infographic. Remote running gait analysis.
- Author
-
Napier, Christopher, Goom, Tom, and Rankin, Alan
- Subjects
RUNNING injuries ,RUNNING ,MOTION capture (Human mechanics) ,MEDICAL personnel ,SPORTS medicine ,STATISTICAL reliability - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Infographic. Does the Spraino low-friction shoe patch prevent lateral ankle sprain injury in indoor sports? A 510-participant pilot RCT.
- Author
-
Lysdal, Filip Gertz, Bandholm, Thomas, Tolstrup, Janne Schurmann, Clausen, Mikkel Bek, Mann, Stephanie, Petersen, Pelle Baggesgaard, Grønlykke, Thor Buch, Kersting, Uwe G., Delahunt, Eamonn, Virgile, Adam, and Thorborg, Kristian
- Subjects
SPORTS injuries ,SPRAINS ,ANKLE injuries ,MEDICAL personnel ,SPORTS medicine ,FOOT injuries ,SPORTS sciences ,SPORTS injury prevention ,SPRAIN prevention ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,FRICTION ,FOOT orthoses - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Pet dog bites in children: management and prevention
- Author
-
Sara C. Owczarczak-Garstecka, Molly Jakeman, James A. Oxley, and Carri Westgarth
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Poison control ,Review ,Safeguarding ,Suicide prevention ,Pediatrics ,Occupational safety and health ,RJ1-570 ,0403 veterinary science ,Injury prevention ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Intensive care medicine ,business.industry ,Public health ,05 social sciences ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,Dog bite ,health services research ,Biting ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,epidemiology ,business - Abstract
Dog bite injuries are a significant public health problem and many are sustained by children. These injuries can be complex, both physically and psychologically, and in rare cases fatal. This paper will review current evidence-based approaches to treatment, explore identified patterns in biting incidents and discuss the effectiveness of prevention strategies. Safe management of these patients requires a comprehensive approach. Physical injuries need to be accurately assessed with a high index of suspicion for underlying injuries, particularly in younger children less able to communicate. Treatment depends on severity and location, but all bites must be irrigated to reduce the risk of infection but may not always require prophylactic antibiotic use. Careful exploration of the circumstances in which the bite occurred is essential to make safeguarding decisions and prevent future bites. Reducing the incidence of paediatric dog bites requires education of both children and parents that any dog can bite, regardless of breed, and all child–dog interactions must be highly supervised. However, education alone is unlikely to prevent dog bites. Policies that support environmental changes need to be developed such as provision of pet dogs less likely to bite (or bite as severely), through breeding for temperament and appropriate socialisation. Additionally, investment in psychological support for bite victims and their families is required to reduce the long-term impacts of being bitten.
- Published
- 2020
46. Injury and illness surveillance in sports: how golf, tennis, cycling and parasport extended the IOC consensus statement to tailor injury and illness surveillance to specific sports.
- Author
-
Dvorak, Jiri and Pluim, Babette M.
- Subjects
SPORTS injuries ,TENNIS ,SPORTS ,GOLF ,SPORTS sciences ,OLYMPIC Winter Games - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Ski racers' understanding of sports-related concussion and its management: are contemporary findings and clinical recommendations reaching the target audience, the racers themselves?
- Author
-
Maxwell, Natalie, Redhead, Lucy, Verhagen, Evert, and Spörri, Jörg
- Subjects
BRAIN concussion ,PRIMARY audience ,SKIING - Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Validation of an instrument for injury data collection in rugby union.
- Author
-
McManus, Alexandra
- Published
- 2000
49. Functional instability in non-contact ankle ligament injuries.
- Author
-
Rose, Alison, Lee, Robert J., Williams, Rachel M., Thomson, Lindsay C., and Forsyth, Anne
- Published
- 2000
50. Prevalence and factors associated with suicide among medical professionals in low/middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
- Author
-
Godfrey Zari Rukundo, Miriela Betancourt, Alison Annet Kinengyere, Dickens Akena, Helen Byakwaga, and Achille Mwira Bapolisi
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Health Personnel ,Dentists ,education ,Nurses ,Poison control ,lcsh:Medicine ,Cochrane Library ,Midwifery ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,LMIC ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Physicians ,Injury prevention ,Prevalence ,Protocol ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medical professionals ,Developing Countries ,Suicidal ideation ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Human factors and ergonomics ,General Medicine ,suicidal attempt ,3. Good health ,suicidal ideation ,Suicide ,Study heterogeneity ,Mental Health ,Research Design ,Family medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
IntroductionA number of studies in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) have reported varying prevalence of suicide among medical professionals with low rates. This may be because of the methods used in suicide assessment and the stigma associated with it. For this study, the prevalence of suicidal ideation, attempt and completed suicide, as well as the factors associated with suicidality and methods used during suicidal acts, will be documented.Methods and analysisStudies published in peer-reviewed journals in which the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation, attempt and completion among medical professionals in LMICs will be included. The Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), PsychINFO, PubMed and Embase will be systematically searched. We will search for all the papers available in the databases up to March 31 2019. Methodological quality of the articles will be assessed using the quality in prognostic studies tool. The risk of bias of the articles will be assessed using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomised studies. In the event of no statistical heterogeneity, a meta-analysis of the findings will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationEthical permission will not be required since this work does not involve the use of participant data that can be used to identify individuals. Findings from this study will be available for clinicians and other medical professionals, scientists and policy makers. On request, a data set of the study can be provided.Trial registration numberCRD42018095990.
- Published
- 2019
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.