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BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifactorial disease characterised by the severity of its complications. In addition to traditional risk factors, many emerging factors are now described as certain genetic polymorphisms. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the place of G894T polymorphism of the eNOS gene as a new risk factor for T2D. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Endocrinology. We conducted a case-control study including a group of patients with T2D and a group of non-diabetic controls. The patient group included 100 T2D participants, who were hospitalised in the Endocrinology Department and whose age ≥18 years old. The control group included 100 non-diabetic participants in good health, receiving no treatment and whose age ≥18 years old. This latter group were recruited from medical staff and volunteers. Questioning was conducted for each patient and control to fill-in a clinical information sheet. For each patient and control we sought G894T polymorphism of the eNOS gene by PCR-RFLP technique. The statistical analysis of the collected data was analysed using an SPSS statistical software version 19.0 RESULTS: We studied 69 patients with T2D and 71 healthy controls. The mean age of the T2D group was 51.41±6.484. Patients with an age 60 years-old represent 32% (n=22). The frequency of GT mutant heterozygous genotype in the diabetic group (55.07%); (n=38) was significantly higher compared to the control group (19.72%); (n=14); (p