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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly prevalent in countries undergoing rapid development, including Thailand. We assessed T2DM incidence over an 8-year period in a nationwide cohort of Thai adults.Methods: Thai Cohort Study participants were surveyed in 2005, 2009 and 2013. The analysed cohort members were aged (15–88), did not have diabetes in 2005 and were followed up by questionnaire in 2013 (n=39 507). T2DM was ascertained using self-report, which has been validated using physician interviews. We calculated the 8-year cumulative incidence of T2DM. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between potential risk factors and T2DM incidence.Results: 8-year cumulative incidence of T2DM (2005 to 2013) was 177 per 10 000 (95% CI 164 to 190). Crude and age-standardised cumulative incidences of T2DM by sex were 249 per 10 000 (95% CI 226 to 272) and 222 per 10 000 (95% CI 219 to 225) for men; and 119 per 10 000 (95% CI 105 to 133) and 96 per 10 000 (95% CI 94 to 98) for women, respectively. T2DM increased significantly for both sexes with increasing age and body mass index (BMI) (p trend Conclusions: This study found that the sociodemographic and lifestyle changes that have accompanied Thailand's economic development are associated with T2DM risk in a large cohort of Thai adults. Our findings highlight the need to address these transitions to prevent a further increase in the national incidence of T2DM, particularly among Thai men.

To date, over 300 million people worldwide live with low vision and blindness, imposing social and economic burdens on individual and families. Data derived from a cohort of 87,134 Thai adults. We report Odds Ratios (ORs) from logistic regression and derive Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs). Approximately 28% of the cohort members reported refractive errors and 8% had uncorrectable vision impairment. Awareness of refractive errors was associated with higher income and urban residence. Both types of vision impairment were positively associated with poor self-assessed health (adjusted ORs 1.23 to 2.03) and poor psychological health (adjusted ORs 1.13 to 1.63). PAFs show that correctable and uncorrectable vision impairments explain respectively 6.1% and 7.5% of poor self-assessed health, 3.5% and 4.7% of poor psychological health, and 2.2% and 3.1% of falls in the last year. Incorporating early detection and prevention at the primary healthcare level will help to promote the health of Thais.

Objectives To determine the baseline frequency and distribution of transport injury and prevalence of road safety behaviours in an ongoing cohort study of Thai adults. Methods The Thai Health-Risk Transition Study includes an ongoing cohort study of 87 134 adult Open University students residing across Thailand. The baseline survey data collected in 2005 includes information on self-reported transport injury within the previous 12 months and demographic, behavioural and transportation factors that could be linked to Thailand9s transport risks. Findings Overall, 7279 (8.4%) of respondents reported experiencing a transport related injury in the previous 12 months, with risk being higher for males and those aged 15–19 years. Most of the injuries occurred while using motorcycles. Approximately half of the male drivers reported driving after three or more glasses of alcohol at least once in the previous year, compared to 10% of female drivers. The prevalence of motorcycle helmet wearing and seat belt wearing were higher than previously reported for Thailand, however there is still much room for improvement. Conclusions We found much higher rates of transport injury than previously estimated and revealed valuable information about the prevalence of various road safety behaviours. Our ongoing study provides an opportunity to monitor these risks and behaviours in the context of future road safety programs. These data make a valuable contribution to the available evidence from which Thai authorities can draw on to address transport injury, one of the major causes of individual and social burden of health.