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For the first time, the incidence of cervical cancer was estimated in French Guiana, an overseas French Territory of South America. A certified cancer registry collected exhaustive data on cervical cancer between 2003 and 2005. The age-standardized rate of invasive cervical cancer was 30.3 per 100,000 women. Women from rural areas had lesions with a significantly greater extension than women from urban areas. Compared to South American figures, the standardized incidence of cervical cancer seemed relatively high when viewed in comparison with the gross domestic product per capita. The curative orientation of the health system should move from opportunistic screening for cervical cancer to organized screening, with an emphasis on the rural parts of French Guiana.