1. Optimal methods of vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review, dose–response and pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Author
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Chih-Hung Wang, Lorenzo Porta, Ting-Kai Yang, Yu-Hsiang Wang, Tsung-Hung Wu, Frank Qian, Yin-Yi Han, Wang-Huei Sheng, Shyr-Chyr Chen, Chien-Chang Lee, and Shan-Chwen Chang
- Subjects
Vitamin D ,Acute respiratory infection ,Seasonal effects ,Dosage ,Meta-analysis ,Dose–response analysis ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Abstract Background Vitamin D supplementation may prevent acute respiratory infections (ARIs). This study aimed to identify the optimal methods of vitamin D supplementation. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry were searched from database inception through July 13, 2023. Randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Data were pooled using random-effects model. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with one or more ARIs. Results The analysis included 43 RCTs with 49320 participants. Forty RCTs were considered to be at low risk for bias. The main pairwise meta-analysis indicated there were no significant preventive effects of vitamin D supplementation against ARIs (risk ratio [RR]: 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97 to 1.01, I 2 = 49.6%). The subgroup dose–response meta-analysis indicated that the optimal vitamin D supplementation doses ranged between 400–1200 IU/day for both summer-sparing and winter-dominant subgroups. The subgroup pairwise meta-analysis also revealed significant preventive effects of vitamin D supplementation in subgroups of daily dosing (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.99, I 2 = 55.7%, number needed to treat [NNT]: 36), trials duration
- Published
- 2024
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