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Abstract Studying plant early immunity, such as the unique immune mechanisms against pathogens, is an important field of research. Tomato wilt resulting from the infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is an important soil-borne vascular disease. In this study, we challenged tomato plants with Fol for a time-course RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. The result indicated that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathway genes were significantly enriched during the early invasion stage. Further study revealed that the flavonoids galangin and quercetin could effectively inhibit Fol growth and enhance wilt resistance in tomato. Moreover, the genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions, the MAPK signaling pathway, and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly enriched. These genes were also involved in plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) signaling pathways. Strikingly, the transcription levels of pathogen-related protein 1 (SlPR1) were dramatically increased at 2 days post Fol inoculation, implying that SlPR1 is important in early immunity in tomato. SlPR1 does not have direct antifungal activity. Instead, its C-terminal peptide CAPE1 could activate root defense responses, such as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, salicylic acid (SA)/jasmonic acid (JA) production, and defense-related gene expression, which collectively increased tomato resistance to Fol infection. In addition, CAPE1 could induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Application of CAPE1 onto tomato leaves induced local resistance to the pathogen Botrytis cinerea and systemic resistance to Fol infection. These results advanced our understanding for the early immunity against Fol in tomato and provide potential strategy for tomato disease control.

Abstract Background Medical device-related pressure injuries(MDRPI) are prevalent and attracting more attention. During ambulance transfer, the shear force caused by braking and acceleration; extensive medical equipment crowed in a narrow space add external risk factors for MDRPIs. However, there is insufficient research on the relationship between MDRPIs and ambulance transfers. This study aims to clarify the prevalence and characteristics of MDRPI during ambulance transfer. Method A descriptive observational study was conducted with convenience sampling. Before starting the study, six PI specialist nurses certified by the Chinese Nursing Association trained emergency department nurses for three MDRPI and Braden Scale sessions, one hour for each session. Data and images of PIs and MDRPIs are uploaded via the OA system by emergency department nurses and reviewed by these six specialist nurses. The information collection begins on 1 July 2022 and ends on 1 August 2022. Demographic and clinical characteristics and a list of medical devices were collected by emergency nurses using a screening form developed by researchers. Results One hundred one referrals were eventually included. The mean age of participants was (58.3 ± 11.69) years, predominantly male (67.32%, n = 68), with a mean BMI of 22.48 ± 2.2. The mean referral time among participants was 2.26 ± 0.26 h, the mean BRADEN score was 15.32 ± 2.06, 53.46% (n = 54) of participants were conscious, 73.26% (n = 74) were in the supine position, 23.76% (n = 24) were in the semi-recumbent position, and only 3 (2.9%) were in the lateral position. Eight participants presented with MDRPIs, and all MDRPIs are stage 1. Patients with spinal injuries are most prone to MDRPIs (n = 6). The jaw is the area most prone to MDRPIs, caused by the cervical collar (40%, n = 4), followed by the heel (30%, n = 3) and nose bridge (20%, n = 2) caused by the respiratory devices and spinal board. Conclusion MDRPIs are more prevalent during long ambulance referrals than in some inpatient settings. The characteristics and related high-risk devices are also different. The prevention of MDRPIs during ambulance referrals deserves more research.

Abstract Background The introduction of chest pain centers (CPC) in China has achieved great success in shortening the duration of nursing operations to significantly improve the treatment and outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The nursing handover period is still considered the high incidence period of adverse events because of the distractibility of nurses’ attention, potential interruption, and unclear responsibilities. Under the CPC mechanism, the nursing efficiency and patients’ outcome, whether affected by the nursing handover, is still a knowledge gap in research. This is also the aim of this study. Methods A retrospective study was conducted with data from STEMI patients from a tertiary hospital in the north of Sichuan Province from January 2018 to December 2019 through the Chinese CPC database. Patients are divided into handover and non-handover groups according to the time they presented in the Emergency Department. D2FMC, FMC2FE, FMC2BS, FMC2CBR, FMC2FAD, and D2W were selected to measure nursing efficiency. The occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events, the highest troponin values within 72 h of hospitalization, and the length of hospitalization were selected to measure the patient outcomes. Continuous variables are summarized as mean ± SD, and t-tests of the data were performed. P-values