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Abstract Background Reduced lung function predicts increased mortality, but its prevalence may vary depending on definition considered, use of bronchodilation and applied reference values. We aimed to assess lung function abnormalities in Lausanne, Switzerland, and their association with clinical history. Methods In a general population sample, spirometry was performed and bronchodilation applied if the ratio forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) / forced vital capacity (FVC) or the FVC was below the lower limit of normal (LLN) according to Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 references. Results for FEV1/FVC according to the LLN were compared to the 0.7 fixed ratio. Respiratory risk factors, symptoms and self-reported respiratory diagnoses were recorded through a questionnaire. Results Out of the 3342 included subjects, 3.8% had chronic obstruction and 2.5% reversible obstruction when using the LLN; possible lung restriction alone was present in 1.8%, and associated with chronic obstruction in 0.4%. Ever smokers had a higher prevalence of abnormal spirometry, chronic obstruction and reversible obstruction; there was no difference with regard to possible restriction. Overall, chronic airway obstruction was found in 8.9% of current smokers, 4.6% of former smokers and 1.5% of never smokers. Only one third of participants with chronic obstruction were aware of a respiratory disease. Conclusion Prevalence of abnormal lung function in the population of Lausanne is low. This may be due to a low rate of ever-smokers, the application of a full bronchodilation dose, but also to inherent characteristics of this population.