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Abstract Background Due to the rapid growth of the older adult population, multimorbidity has become a global concern for an aging society. Multimorbidity has been associated with poor health outcomes, including low quality of life and a high risk of mortality, resulting in an overload of healthcare systems. However, multimorbidity incidence and its related factors are poorly understood among older adults. This study aimed to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors predict multimorbidity incidence among older adults in Korea. Methods This longitudinal study used the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) dataset from 2008 to 2018. The KLoSA is a panel survey of nationally representative samples aimed at providing data for developing socioeconomic policies for the increasing aging population in Korea. The study sample included 1967 older adults aged 65 years and over who had none or one of the chronic diseases at the baseline in 2008. Multimorbidity incidence was defined as the co-existence of two or more chronic diseases among 12 doctor-diagnosed diseases based on self-reports. Cox’s proportional hazards models were used to identify significant predictors of multimorbidity incidence over a 10-year follow-up period. Results Among 1967 respondents (female 54.5%, mean age 72.94), 625 (31.8%) incidents of multimorbidity were reported, contributing to 47.5 incidents per 1000 people after 10 years of follow-up. Low levels of social interaction, obesity, past smoking habits, and current or past drinking habits were identified as significant predictors of multimorbidity incidence among older adults in Korea. Conclusions This study identified older adults at high risk for multimorbidity incidence. These groups require more attention from health care providers in the course of chronic disease monitoring and management. Specific interventions and health policies to promote social interaction and a healthy lifestyle are essential to delay multimorbidity incidence. This longitudinal approach will contribute to developing preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of multimorbidity among older adults.

Abstract Background The importance of SA (Successful aging) has been emphasized in recent years, with focus shifting towards attaining healthier aging rather than longevity. However, the influence of SA and its changes on mental health such as depression remains a relatively unexplored area in gerontology. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal association between changes in SA and depressive symptoms in Korean older adults. Methods This study comprised a longitudinal sample of older adults aged ≥ 45 years, drawn from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2018). Changes in SA status was determined using the Rowe and Kahn model over two consecutive years. Using an adjusted generalized estimating equation model, we examined the association between changes in successful aging status, namely SA and NSA (Non-successful aging), and depressive symptoms. Results Compared to the SA→SA group, depressive symptom risk in the NSA→NSA and SA→NSA groups were higher in men [(OR, 1.16; 95 % CI, 1.13–1.18), (OR, 1.11; 95 % CI, 1.08–1.13), respectively] and in women [(OR, 1.15; 95 % CI, 1.13–1.18), (OR, 1.11; 95 % CI, 1.09–1.14), respectively]. Subgroup analysis of the dimensions of successful aging revealed that low or worsening criteria of successful aging status in men and women were associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions Korean older adults who continuously failed to attain or maintain successful aging status had the highest risk of depressive symptoms. These results could further assist in establishing policies and interventions that promote successful aging and subsequently protect the mental health of the Korean older adult population.