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Abstract Background To evaluate the efficacy of 1% and 2% rebamipide clear solution in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). Methods Two hundred twenty patients with DED were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the 1% rebamipide, 2% rebamipide, or placebo (eye drops containing the same ingredients, except for the active components). Each eye drop was instilled four times daily for 12 weeks. Changes in tear film break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining score, Schirmer 1 test, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) from baseline to 12-week visit between the study groups were compared for efficacy assessment. Results The mean age of study patients was 43.8±14.2 years. The 1% and 2% rebamipide groups showed greater improvement in TBUT (1.99±1.87 and 2.02±2.21 s) at 12 weeks from baseline than the placebo group (1.25±2.93 s). The 2% rebamipide group showed greater improvement in the corneal staining score (− 3.15±2.00) at 12 weeks from baseline than the placebo group (− 2.85±1.80). The 1% and 2% rebamipide groups showed improvement in Schirmer 1 test (1.27±3.86 and 1.50±4.14 mm) at 12 weeks of treatment, but not the placebo group (0.55±2.99 mm). Both the rebamipide groups and the placebo group showed significantly improved OSDI after treatment for 12 weeks; however, there was no significant difference among the three groups. Conclusions 1% and 2% rebamipide clear solutions are an effective therapeutic option for improving TBUT and tear volume, and stabilizing the corneal staining score in DED.

Abstract Background/aims We evaluate the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia with controllability and compare surgical outcomes between patients with and without controllability. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients aged 6–18 years with intermittent exotropia who underwent surgery between September 2015 and September 2021. Controllability was defined as the patient’s subjective awareness of exotropia or diplopia associated with the presence of exotropia and ability to instinctively correct the ocular exodeviation. Surgical outcomes were compared between patients with and without controllability, with a favorable surgical outcome defined as an ocular deviation between ≤ 10 PD of exotropia and ≤ 4 PD of esotropia at distance and near. Results Among 521 patients, 130 (25%, 130/521) had controllability. The mean age of onset (7.7 years) and surgery (9.9 years) were higher in patients with controllability than in those without controllability (p

Abstract Background This study is aim to compare the clinical effectiveness between the two most prominent dry eye disease (DED)-specific eye drops, 0.05% cyclosporine (CN) and 3% diquafosol (DQ). Methods This is a multi-centered, randomized, masked, prospective clinical study. A total of 153 DED patients were randomly allocated to use CN twice per day or DQ six times daily. Cornea and conjunctival staining scores (NEI scale), tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test scores, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score were measured at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment. Results At 12 weeks after treatment, NEI scaled scores were significantly reduced from the baseline by − 6.60 for CN and − 6.63 for DQ group (all P

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.