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Abstract Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for jawbone assessment compared to reference-standard measurements in the literature. Materials and methods An electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library in June 2022, and updated in August 2023. Studies evaluating the accuracy of MRI for jawbone assessment compared with reference-standard measurements (histology, physical measurements, or computed tomography) were included. The outcome measures included bone histomorphometry and linear measurements. The risk of bias was assessed by the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022342697). Results From 63 studies selected for full-text analysis, nine manuscripts were considered eligible for this review. The studies included assessments of 54 participants, 35 cadavers, and one phantom. A linear measurement error ranging from 0.03 to 3.11 mm was shown. The accuracy of bone histomorphometry varies among studies. Limitations of the evidence included heterogeneity of MRI protocols and the methodology of the included studies. Conclusion Few studies have suggested the feasibility of MRI for jawbone assessment, as MRI provides comparable results to those of standard reference tests. However, further advancements and optimizations are needed to increase the applicability, validate the efficacy, and establish clinical utility of these methods.