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Objective: To investigate the controversial relationship between preoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone levels and the dimensions and histological features of parathyroid adenoma in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism., Study Design: Historical cohort., Setting: Tertiary medical centre., Subjects and Methods: Clinical and tumour-related data were collected from the medical files of all patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in 1996-2012. Preoperative blood parathyroid hormone and calcium levels and urine calcium levels were correlated with the size, weight and volume of the parathyroid adenoma. Pathohistological features were determined in a representative sample of archived paraffin-embedded sections and analysed by calcium or parathyroid hormone level (high/low) and adenoma weight (high/low)., Results: A total of 378 patients were included. There was a statistically significant direct correlation of preoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone levels with tumour dimensions and of tumour weight and chief-cell percentage. At a preoperative calcium level >11.5 mg/dL and parathyroid hormone (PTH) level >165 mg/dL, we predict that the adenoma would measure more than 2.7 g, 2.18 cm and volume of 3.59 cm 3 ., Conclusions: In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, preoperative calcium and PTH levels may be predictive of parathyroid adenoma dimensions., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To assess the possible effect of young age on clinical behaviour and survival outcome of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue., Design: Retrospective, case control study., Setting: A major tertiary referral centre., Participants: Eighty-five patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with at least 2 years of follow-up., Main Outcome Measurements: Clinical and histopathological staging, disease-free survival, disease-specific survival and overall survival., Results: Eleven patients (13%) were younger than 30 years. Compared to the older patients, they had a significantly worse N stage (P = 0.041), more perineural invasion (P = 0.012), and higher rates, though not significant, of treatment failure (46%, including 60% with distant metastases, versus 35%, nearly all locoregional) and mortality (100% of treatment failures versus 73%). There were no significant between-group differences in 5-year disease-free, disease-specific, and overall survival., Conclusion: In this study, patients younger than 30 years of age presented with advanced tumour stages and with a different failure pattern compared to the older age group. This may be attributable to age-related biologic behaviour or delayed cancer diagnosis. Differences in disease free survival and overall survival could not be established.