1. Simulating rewetting events in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams: a global analysis of leached nutrients and organic matter
- Author
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Arnaud Foulquier, Michael T. Bogan, Björn Gücker, Roland Corti, Daniel von Schiller, Pablo Rodríguez-Lozano, Fiona Dyer, Vladimir Pešić, Stefan Lorenz, Klement Tockner, Jonathan C. Marshall, Lluís Gómez-Gener, Ana Savić, Thibault Datry, Dominik Zak, Rubén del Campo, Marcos Moleón, Clara Mendoza-Lera, Elisabeth I. Meyer, Chelsea J. Little, Simone Guareschi, Ross Vander Vorste, Richardo Figueroa, Florian Altermatt, Michael Danger, Oleksandra Shumilova, Musa C. Mlambo, Rosa Gómez Cerezo, Annamaria Zoppini, Joanna Blessing, Kate S. Boersma, Petr Paril, Núria Bonada, Alisha L. Steward, Christiane Zarfl, Amina Taleb, Manuel A. S. Graça, Juan F. Blanco-Libreros, Peter M. Negus, Isabel Pardo, Iola G. Boëchat, Ryan M. Burrows, Stephanie M. Carlson, Angus R. McIntosh, Mark O. Gessner, Andy Banegas-Medina, Simone D. Langhans, María Isabel Arce, Kate Brintrup, Rachel Stubbington, Pierre Gnohossou, Biel Obrador, Athina Papatheodoulou, Erin E. Beller, Nick Bond, Shai Arnon, Robert J. Rolls, Brian Four, Catherine M. Febria, Sophie Cauvy-Fraunié, Bianca de Freitas Terra, Catherine Leigh, Emile Faye, Andreas Bruder, Daniel C. Allan, Jason L. Hwan, Núria Cid, Skhumbuzo Kubheka, Damien Banas, Nathan J. Waltham, M. M. Sánchez-Montoya, Arturo Elosegi, Marko Miliša, Dev K. Niyogi, Anna Maria De Girolamo, Tommaso Cancellario, Melanie L. Blanchette, European Commission, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Freie Universität Berlin, University of Trento, Universität Rostock, Aarhus University, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture (IRSTEA), University of the Basque Country (University of the Basque Country), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), University of Barcelona, Austrian Science Fund (FWF), University of Oklahoma (OU), University of Zurich, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad de Concepción, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Edith Cowan University, University of Antioquia, Queensland Government, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of Arizona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), La Trobe University, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Switzerland, Griffith University [Brisbane], University of Navarra, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidade Estadual Vale do Acarau, National Council of Research, Water Research Institute, Universidad de Murcia, University of Canberra, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Canterbury, University of Windsor, Département Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (DEPT EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Berlin Institute of Technology, Université de Parakou, Umea University, University of Coimbra, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Queensland University of Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Brandenburg University of Technology, University of Münster, University of Zagreb, Rhodes University, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T), University of Missouri System, Terra Cypria - Cyprus Conservation Foundation, Universidate de Vigo, Masaryk University, University of Montenegro (UCG), University of New England (UNE), University of Niš, Nottingham Trent University, Université de Tlemcen, James Cook University (JCU), University of Tübingen, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], University of Windsor [Ca], Université de Parakou (UP), Department of Ecology and Environmental Science [Umeå], Umeå University, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Universidade de Vigo, and Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Geologic Sediments ,sédiment ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate ,rehumectation ,01 natural sciences ,Substance nutritive ,Klimatforskning ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,zone humide temporaire ,Nutrient ,Nitrate ,matière organique dissoute ,Dissolved organic carbon ,Canvi climàtic ,Primary Research Article ,Organic Chemicals ,General Environmental Science ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Global and Planetary Change ,leaf litter ,cycle des nutriments ,Ecology ,zone climatique ,Litière végétale ,Sediments fluvials ,sediments ,Lessivage du sol ,6. Clean water ,Lixiviació ,biofilms ,leaching ,rewetting ,temporary rivers ,climatic region ,climate change ,Environmental chemistry ,Leaching (pedology) ,Biogeochemical cycle ,Climate Research ,P40 - Météorologie et climatologie ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Cours d'eau ,Climate change ,Biological Availability ,010603 evolutionary biology ,River sediments ,Sécheresse ,biodisponibilité ,Rivers ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic matter ,litière du sol ,Matière organique ,P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion ,variation géographique ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Changement climatique ,Nitrates ,entraînement par lessivage ,P35 - Fertilité du sol ,Nutrients ,15. Life on land ,Primary Research Articles ,Arid ,Climatic change ,Plant Leaves ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,bioavailability - Abstract
Climate change and human pressures are changing the global distribution and the extent of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which comprise half of the global river network area. IRES are characterized by periods of flow cessation, during which channel substrates accumulate and undergo physico‐chemical changes (preconditioning), and periods of flow resumption, when these substrates are rewetted and release pulses of dissolved nutrients and organic matter (OM). However, there are no estimates of the amounts and quality of leached substances, nor is there information on the underlying environmental constraints operating at the global scale. We experimentally simulated, under standard laboratory conditions, rewetting of leaves, riverbed sediments, and epilithic biofilms collected during the dry phase across 205 IRES from five major climate zones. We determined the amounts and qualitative characteristics of the leached nutrients and OM, and estimated their areal fluxes from riverbeds. In addition, we evaluated the variance in leachate characteristics in relation to selected environmental variables and substrate characteristics. We found that sediments, due to their large quantities within riverbeds, contribute most to the overall flux of dissolved substances during rewetting events (56%–98%), and that flux rates distinctly differ among climate zones. Dissolved organic carbon, phenolics, and nitrate contributed most to the areal fluxes. The largest amounts of leached substances were found in the continental climate zone, coinciding with the lowest potential bioavailability of the leached OM. The opposite pattern was found in the arid zone. Environmental variables expected to be modified under climate change (i.e. potential evapotranspiration, aridity, dry period duration, land use) were correlated with the amount of leached substances, with the strongest relationship found for sediments. These results show that the role of IRES should be accounted for in global biogeochemical cycles, especially because prevalence of IRES will increase due to increasing severity of drying events., In this study we experimentally simulated under laboratory conditions rewetting of leaves, riverbed sediments, and epilithic biofilms collected during the dry phase from intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams covering global spatial scale. We determined the amounts and quality of the leached nutrients and dissolved organic matter, assessed their inter‐substrate and cross‐climate differences, and estimated areal fluxes from 1 m2 of riverbeds. In addition, we evaluated the variance in leachate characteristics related to selected environmental variables and substrate characteristics.
- Published
- 2019
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