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Bilingualism—broadly defined as the regular use of two or more spoken or signed languages in a person's daily life—is frequent throughout the world, yet many models of how language is acquired and processed by the brain have been based on studies of monolingual children and adults. Practical need for normative data, and theoretical interest in the uniqueness of bilingual language processing, have increased the demand for research on the bilingual brain. At the same time, techniques for investigating the neural bases of language across age groups continue to develop, making the neural basis of bilingualism a promising area for future research. Keywords: bilingualism; methods; neurolinguistics; second language acquisition; multilingualism