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Inrecent years there has been a rapid growth in the construction sector in orderto meet the need for housing with the increase in population. This growth ledto the rapid development of the cement industry. In the process of increasingindustrialization, biotechnological processes are becoming more important. Themost important alternative of the cement industry is the microbialbio-calcification processes. In this process, cement-like structures areproduced by bacteria at room temperature conditions. Microbialbio-calcification processes have attracted the interest of researchersespecially in the process of self-healing in recent years as an alternative andnature-friendly solution to the cement processes that are being produced athigh temperatures. This study presents a comparative study for sand hardeningby microbial bio-calcification process. Different production surfaces was usedfor sand hardening with Sporosarcinapasteurii such as agar plates, filter paper and polyurethane supportmaterials. The effect of different CaCl2 concentrations (25 mM, 50mM and 100 mM) and sand thickness (1mm, 5mm and 10 mm) was also tested. CaCO3was determined by FTIR and measured by chemical analysis. In addition, thehardness and integrity of the samples were observed. Agar and polyurethanesupport materials were found to be more effective in terms of support materialfor sand hardening. Increased thickness reduced the hardness and 50 mM CaCl2concentration was found to be optimum for these types of processes. This studyshows the effects of sand hardness on innovative, environmentally friendly and biotechnological approach optimization., Sonyıllarda nüfustaki artışla birlikte barınma ihtiyacının giderilmesi için inşaatsektöründe hızlı bir büyüme olmuştur. Bu büyüme beraberinde çimentoendüstrisinde hızlı gelişimi getirmiştir. Artan endüstrileşme sürecindebiyoteknolojik süreçler her geçen gün daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Çimentoendüstrisinin en önemli alternatifi mikrobiyal biyokalsifikasyon prosesleridir.Bu proseste çimento benzeri yapılar oda sıcaklığı koşullarında bakterilertarafından üretilmektedirler. Mikrobiyal biyo-kalsifikasyon prosesleri yükseksıcaklıklarda üretimi gerçekleşen çimento proseslerine alternatif ve doğa dostubir çözüm olarak son yıllarda araştırmacıların ilgisini özellikle kendi kendineiyileşme sürecinde çekmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında mikrobiyal biyo-kalsifikasyonişlemiyle kum sertleşmesinde farklı üretim yüzeyleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Agar,filtre kağıdı ve poliüretan destek malzemeleri kullanılarak Sporosarcina pasteurii ile kumsertleştirmesi proses verimleri incelenmiştir. Farklı CaCl2konsantrasyonlarının (25 mM, 50 mM ve 100 mM) ve kum kalınlığının (1 mm, 5 mmve 10 mm) etkisi de test edilmiştir. CaCO3 varlığı FTIR testleri ilebelirlenmiş ve konsantrasyon karşılaştırmaları kimyasal yöntemlerleyapılmıştır. Ek olarak, numunelerin sertliği ve bütünlüğü de gözlenerek enuygun üretim yüzeyi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak agar ve poliüretan destekmalzemelerinin, kum sertleşmesinde destek malzemesi açısından daha etkiliolduğu bulunmuştur. Artan kum kalınlığının sertliği azalttığı ve 50 mM CaCl2konsantrasyonunun optimum miktar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma yapı sektörüve çimento sektörü açısından yenilikçi, çevre dostu ve biyoteknolojik biryöntemin optimizasyonu niteliğindedir.

This paper provides to cope with the limitations of traditional FMEA by using an integrated fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method, which considers fuzzy extension of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), and a linear programming. The proposed method is shown for an application to failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) based risk assessment of a construction firm. Firstly, fuzzy extension of AHP approach is utilized to define the weights of criteria in risk evaluation. Secondly, fuzzy TOPSIS approach is used to determine the most important failure mode in the construction firm. This work handles a sensitivity analysis and a comparison with the other methods. FMEA related papers in the literature presents only ranking of failure modes by using various methods. This study aims to handle the limited resources such as budget and time in a linear programming to establish a suitable occupational health and safety policy.

In this paper, a two-component generic prey-predator system incorporated with habitat complexity in predator functional response, and with constant time delay in predator gestation is considered. Although the role of time delay on the system dynamics is widely studied in the literature, only a few researchers have addressed the effect of habitat complexity in the prey-predator type interactions. In the first part of the paper the equilibria and stability analysis of the mathematical model is mentioned. In the second part, particular attention is paid on the numerical bifurcation analysis of the prey and predator densities based on two system parameters:(i) the strength of homogeneous habitat complexity and (ii) predator attack rate with and without time delay. It is found that dynamics with time delay in predator gestation are found to be much richer compared to that without time delay. The system stability may change from stable to unstable through a Hopf bifurcation and the solution branches emanating from these Hopf points are usually stable and supercritical. However, delay driven system may lead unstable orbits arising from Hopf bifurcations. It is also found that increasing the strength of habitat complexity may lead the stability change from unstable to stable.

This paper studies the long-time stability behavior of the Navier-Stokes equations (NSE) in a rotating frame ofreference with atime accurate and adaptive finite element method. The proposed numerical scheme consists of twodecoupled steps. In the first step, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the standard linearized backwardEuler finite element method (BE-FEM). In the second step, the approximate velocity solution obtained in the firststep is post proceeded with a 2-step, linear time filter. It is proven that the approximate velocity solution is stablewith respect to??2-norm at all times. The novelty of the stability analysis is that the stability bound obtained for theapproximate velocity solution does not use any Gronwall-type estimate and is polynomially dependent on theReynolds number, which is not common in long-time stability notion. The paper also provides two numericalexperiments to test the algorithm. The first numerical experiment compares the ??2-norm of the velocity solutionof the proposed algorithmusing pressure-robust and non pressure-robustFE over longer time intervals. The resultsreveal that the scheme gives much more accurate velocity solutions with pressure-robust methods, especially forthe smaller ??. The second experiment, on the other hand, shows that the filter step increasesthe accuracy of theproposed numerical method over long-time intervals. Bu makale, Navier-Stokes denklemlerinin uzun zamanlı kararlılık davranışını zamana göre doğru ve uyarlanabilir sonlu elemanlar yöntemiile dönen bir referans sistemin içindeçalışır. Önerilen sayısal şema iki ayrıştırılmışbasamaktan oluşur. Birincibasamakta, Navier-Stokes denklemleri standart,doğrusallaştırılmış,geriEuler (GE) sonlu elemanlar yöntemi (SEY) ile çözülür. İkinci basamakta, birinci basamakta elde edilen yaklaşık hız çözümü iki adımlı, doğrusal bir zaman filtresiyle düzeltilir. Yaklaşık hız çözümünün?? 2 -normuna göre tüm zamanlarda kararlı olduğu ispatlanır. Kararlılık analizinin yeniliği, yaklaşık hız çözümü için elde edilen karalılık sınırının herhangi bir Gronwall tipi değerlendirmekullanmamasıve Reynolds sayısına polinomsal olarak bağımlı olmasıdır ki bu uzun zamanlı kararlılık konusunda çok yaygın değildir. Makale ayrıca algoritmayı test etmek için iki sayısal deney sunar. Birincisayısal deneynormunu daha uzun zaman aralıklarınde basınca dayanıklı ve basınca dayanıklı olmayan SE kullanarakönerilen algoritmanın hız çözümünün ?? 2 -normunukarşılaştırır. Sonuçlar, özellikle daha küçük ?? değerleri için, şemanınbasınca dayanıklıyöntemlerle çok daha doğru hız çözümleri verdiğini gösterir. Diğer taraftan ikinci deney ise filter basamağının uzun zaman aralıkları üzerindeönerilensayısal yöntemin doğruluğunu artırdığını gösterir.

During the operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells excess heat is generated as a result of electrochemical reactions. This heat raises the temperature of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, which can damage the membrane. Homogeneity of the temperature through the fuel cell is important in terms of stability and performance. Thermal management is therefore essential and is provided by the cooling channels formed on the bipolar plates or cooling plates. In this paper, a three-dimensional computational analysis of the cooling plate with divergent and convergent flow field designs is carried out. In this context, heat transfer and fluid flow performances of these two different flow fields are considered in terms of temperature uniformity, maximum temperature and pressure drop. Numerical results demonstrated that the more uniform temperature distribution along the fuel cell could be achieved with divergent flow field design. Furthermore, when a divergent design is used, the maximum surface temperature of the cooling plate and the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the channel are reduced.

In this paper, we first introduced the steps to be taken to get the set-family corresponding to a hoarded graph, and an example implementation of these steps. We then give the notion of topological hoarded graph and show when a set-family induced by a topological hoarded graph is a topology on a set. We also present some useful facts about topological hoarded graphs.

Let S be a prime ring with charS≠2 and η, ξ, κ, ε, λ and μ will be automorphisms of S. The purpose of our paper is 6 to study (η,ξ)-derivations and automorphisms satisfying certain identities on Lie ideals of prime rings.

This paper presents a wideband, thin, low-cost, and easy to fabricate linear polarization (LP) converter design utilizing metasurface (MS) for Ku-band (12-18 GHz) applications (also in the 18-19 GHz part of the K-band (18-27 GHz)). The design has a topology on a 1.6 mm thick FR-4 dielectric material with copper MS on the front and an entirely copper slab on the back. The presented design shows a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of beyond 90% within the 12-19 GHz frequency band and also over 99% in the 12.5-13.1 and 16.32-17.64 GHz frequency ranges. To further give insight into the physical structure of the suggested MS-based polarization converter (PC), both the u – v axes are analyzed, and the existing surface behaviors at resonance frequencies are investigated. We compare the performance outputs with other Ku-band PCs, and the efficiencies of the suggested strategy over current MS-based LP converters are emphasized.

Under extreme increase on video contents in eMBB applications; the 5G requirements cannot been handled by the conventional self-organizing in 4G infrastructure. While executing load balancing in 5G RAN, mobile user type for eMBB applications should be considered. Nowadays, eMBB has been carried by QUIC and HTTP2.0 protocol for Android and iOS users, respectively. In mobile user aware load balancing, Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) up to application layer for packet routing is required. This can be only handled by Software-Defined Network (SDN) without any hardware expenditure in physical infrastructure. Therefore, this paper proposed Software-Defined Radio Access Network (SD-RAN) with two novel functions: Waiting Time Function (WTF) and Load Balancing Function (LBF). In WTF; the queuing inspired approach is proposed for the low complex implementation of the mobile user aware load balancing in 5G-RAN. Waiting Time parameters for iOS and Android users are modeled by M/G/1 and G/G/1 markov queues. It is also executed by M/M/c/K markov model SD-RAN topology. In LBF; a novel Mixed Integer Linear Problem is defined for waiting time optimization. To overcome NP hardness, a local search for the eMBB load threshold analysis is performed and determined as 0.79 and 0.94 for UMas and UMis. A low complex load balancing algorithm is proposed in the light of these thresholds. According to performance results; SD-RAN outperforms nearly 40 % QoS then the conventional SON according to received packet count. It can serve 40\% more user than the conventional one without any extra expenditure on physical infrastructure. As a result, it can handle eMBB flows with acceptable waiting time under 2 milliseconds level.

The atomization quality has gained importance with the used of injection systems in internal combustion engines. The atomization quality has been increased by raising spray pressures by the way advances in the production technologies of high-pressure pumps and injectors. In the current situation, the spray pressures in Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) technology have been reached bar levels between 200 and 800. When the pressure level is raised higher than the specified pressure value, it is understood from studies in the literature that the atomization quality is not provided a significant improvement and the production cost increase due to the technology required for high pressure. In this paper, the fuel has been atomized by using Sinusoidal Intertidal Forces (SIF) as another method to improve the atomization quality. In the literature, there is no any study regarding the suitability of using by atomized under SIF of the gasoline fuel used in internal combustion engines. In the application study, the gasoline fuel has been atomized without the pressure by manufactured SIF generator and the droplet images obtained analysis result has been examined by using the image processing method. According to analysis results, it has been observed that the droplets sizes produced with SIF method were similar results to the droplet sizes founded using the GDI method. It has been determined that the smaller droplet sizes can be obtained with lower costs without using pressure thanks to this method and the method can be applied efficiently in internal combustion engines., İçten yanmalı motorlarda enjeksiyon sistemlerinin kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla birlikte atomizasyon kalitesi önem kazanmıştır. Yüksek basınçlı pompaların ve enjektörlerin üretim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler sayesinde püskürtme basınçları yükseltilerek atomizasyon kalitesi artırılmıştır. Mevcut durumda, Benzin Direkt Enjeksiyon (GDI) teknolojisindeki püskürtme basınçları 200 ile 800 arasında bar seviyelerine ulaşmıştır. Basınç seviyesi belirtilen basınç değerinden daha yükseğe çıkarıldığında, yüksek basınç için gerekli teknoloji nedeniyle atomizasyon kalitesinde önemli bir iyileşme sağlanamadığı ve üretim maliyetinin arttığı literatürdeki çalışmalardan anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, atomizasyon kalitesini iyileştirmek için başka bir yöntem olarak Sinüzoidal Atalet Kuvveti (SIF) kullanılarak yakıt atomize edilmiştir. Literatürde içten yanmalı motorlarda kullanılan benzin yakıtının SIF altında atomize edilerek kullanılmasının uygunluğu ile ilgili herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Uygulama çalışmasında benzin yakıtı imal edilen SIF jeneratörü ile basınçsız olarak atomize edilmiş ve elde edilen damlacık görüntüleri analiz sonucu görüntü işleme yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, SIF yöntemi ile üretilen damlacık boyutlarının GDI yöntemi kullanılarak oluşturulan damlacık boyutlarına benzer sonuçlar verdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu yöntem sayesinde daha küçük damlacık boyutlarının daha düşük maliyetlerle basınç kullanılmadan elde edilebileceği ve yöntemin içten yanmalı motorlarda verimli bir şekilde uygulanabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Today, electric vehicles are seen as one of the most suitable and environmentally friendly alternatives to internal combustion engine vehicles. An important issue related to the dissemination of electric vehicles is the location of the vehicle charging network and specifically the optimum location selection of the charging stations. Generally, most of the studies focus on popular destinations such as city centers, shopping areas, bus stations, and airports. Although these places are often used in normal life, they can usually provide an adequate solution for daily charging needs due to the number of alternative charging stations. However, finding adequate charging stations is not possible in intercity travels especially in highways. In this paper, we proposed a decision model to determine the location of electric car charging stations in highways. We create an optimization model to decide the optimum locations for the charging stations that can meet the customer demands on the Istanbul-Ankara highway. The proposed model determines optimum charging stations that enable passengers traveling with their electric vehicles to travel in Istanbul-Ankara highway in the shortest time.

Bu çalışmada, dual kuaterniyon teorisinin genelleştirilmiş kompleks sayı (GCN) katsayılı dual kuaterniyonlara nasıl genişletilebileceğini açıklıyoruz. Daha özel olarak, bu yeni tip dual kuaterniyonun cebirsel olarak incelenmesini ve çeşitli matris temsillerini hem dual kuaterniyon hem de GCN olarak veriyoruz., In this paper, we explain how dual quaternion theory can extend to dual quaternions with generalized complex number (GCN) components. More specifically, we algebraically examine this new type dual quaternion and give several matrix representations both as a dual quaternion and as a GCN.

In this paper, hyperbolic spinor representations of space curves are studied according to the q-frame in E_1^3. The spinor formulations of curves are calculated for the q-frame according to the spacelike and timelike tangent vector cases of the curves in E_1^3. Moreover, the relationships of spinor equations between q-frame and Frenet frame in Lorentz space are expressed. The results are supported with some theorems., Bu çalışmada, E_1^3 3-boyutlu Lorentz uzayda q-çatıya göre uzay eğrilerinin hiperbolik spinor temsilleri incelenmiştir. E_1^3’te eğrilerin spacelike ve timelike teğet vektörlü olma durumlarına göre q-çatı için eğrilerin spinor formülasyonları hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca 3- boyutlu Lorentz uzayda q-çatı ve Frenet çatıya ait spinor denklemleri arasındaki ilişkiler de ifade edilmiştir. Sonuçlar bazı teoremlerle desteklenmiştir.

This paper aims to optimize the power system design of a vineyard house in Pazarcık, Kahramanmaras. In this process, the electrical energy demand is met by the hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind-Diesel-Battery system because the vineyard house is remote from the electric network. The vineyard house is located in Karagol, southern of Pazarcık. During the summer in Karagol, many people stay in and visit the vineyard houses. However, the vineyard houses are generally unoccupied in winter. Therefore, an economical energy source is required in this process without compromising life quality. Capital costs are high and the running costs are low for stand-alone renewable sources. On the other hand, it is the opposite for stand-alone diesel power generators. This study is designed to take these circumstances into consideration. The optimal design is investigated for a hybrid system of renewable energy sources and a diesel power generator. The Homer software is used during this process. The realized design is evaluated in terms of its technical and environmental aspects. As a result of the study, 6 kW photovoltaic panels, a 1 kW wind turbine, a 1 kW diesel generator, a 2 kW converter, and an optimally sized 8-unit battery system are used to meet the electricity needs of the vineyard house. The renewable energy factor is 99.8% for a vineyard house. This value is an acceptable rate for a net zero energy house. This study shows that the hybrid system meets the house's electric energy demands and has a positive impact on the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Technological breakthroughs have transformed communication and taken transportation, health, and commerce to an unprecedented level. In this way, sudden developments have rapidly affected all countries. In this context, analysis methods are changing compared to the past, and annual analyses fail to catch the trend even for macroeconomic indicators. In this paper, new artificial intelligence-based estimation methods were used to see the future trend of export volume, and their estimation performances were compared by adding them to the classical econometric method. Historical quarterly data from 2013 to 2021 were used in the training and testing phases of the models. For this purpose, the variables of gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, and dollar exchange rate, which affect the export volume, were determined as inputs in estimating the export volume. According to the analysis results, support vector machine model was determined as the best method for predicting export volume in Turkey. This study can provide an essential basis for policymakers to export estimation and formulate their export-enhancing policies effectively.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest on the combination of copulas with mixture model. The combination of vine copulas incorporated into a finite mixture model is also helpful to capture secret structures in a data. This paper aims to examine the relationship between bitcoin and other crypto money indicators with the CD Vine Copula Approach method. In the study, we use closing prices of Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Litecoin, and IOT. The results show that there is a strong dependence between bitcoin and prominent financial indicators.

The movements of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are very important in the diagnosis of heart disorders. Machine learning methods are widely used to classify ECG signals. The aim of this work is to contribute to the classification of ECG signals using the Differential Evolution Algorithm Extreme Learning Machine (DGA-ELM). In this paper, a public heart records in Physionet was utilized to classify ECG signals. The pre-processing was applied to eliminate the ECG signals from noise. Then, the ECG signals were converted to spectrograms for the feature extraction stage. A method was used originated on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to obtain the attributes of ECG signals. The DGA-ELM algorithm was used to select the best activation function. In this context, the best cost value 79.37% with a sigmoid activation function and 750 iteration in the classification made with DGA-ELM was achieved.

This paper presents memristor based filter implementation for biomedical signal. For this purpose, memristor based high-pass and low-pass filter circuits are constructed by simply replacing resistor with memristor emulator circuit in well-known R-C filter structures. The filter circuits are constituted on board and firstly sine wave is applied as input signal. Then, Electrocardiographic (ECG) signal is applied as input for M-C filter circuits. The results are obtained and analysed in real-time. In the implementation stage of study, LabVIEW platform and DAQ card are used to obtain real-time data. The results show that memristor can be used quite easily to sort out biomedical signal processing applications and shows better performance.

In this paper, the main aim is to characterize the structure of torsion units in integral group ring of dicyclic group by using a complex faithful irreducible representation of degree 2. We show by the first of Zassenhaus conjectures (ZC1) that non-trivial torsion units in are of order 3, 4 or 6 and each of them can be expressed in terms of 3 free parameters.

Son yıllarda, bilgisayarların donanımındaki teknolojik gelişmeler ve makine öğrenme tekniklerindeki gelişmeler nedeniyle, "Büyük Veri" ve "Paralel İşleme" kullanımı olmak üzere problem çözmek için iki artan yaklaşım vardır. Özellikle GPU'lar gibi çok çekirdekli bilgi işlem aygıtlarında paralel olarak gerçekleştirilebilen Derin Öğrenme algoritmalarının ortaya çıkmasıyla, bu yaklaşımlarla birçok gerçek dünya problemleri çözülebilmektedir. Derin öğrenme modelleri eğitildikleri veri ile sınıflandırma, regresyon analizi ve zaman serilerinde tahmin gibi uygulamalarda büyük başarılar göstermektedir. Bu modellerin finansal piyasadaki en aktif uygulama alanlarından biri özellikle borsada işlem gören hisse senetlerinin tahmini işlemleridir. Bu alanda amaç, pazardaki değişim süreci hakkındaki hisse senedinin önceki günlük verilerine bakarak kısa veya uzun vadeli gelecekteki değerini tahmin etmeye çalışmaktır. Bu çalışmada, LSTM, GRU ve BLSTM isimli 3 farklı derin öğrenme modeli kullanılarak bir hisse senedi tahmin sistemi geliştirilip, kullanılan modeller arasında karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapıldı. Spekülatif hareketlerden uzak olması için veri seti olarak 1968'den 2018'e kadar olan New York Borsası'ndan hisse senedinin zaman serisi değerlerini kullanıldı. Spesifik olarakta IBM hisse senedi ile test çalışmaları yapıldı. Deneysel sonuçlar BLSTM modelinin 5 günlük girdi verileriyle eğitilmesi ile %63,54 lük bir yönsel doğruluk değerine ulaşıldığını göstermektedir. In recent years, due to the technological advances in computer hardware and enhancements in machine learning techniques, there are two hot research areas in problem solving, the use of "Big Data" and "Parallel Processing". Many real-world problems can be solved with the use of different Deep Learning algorithms, which can be realized in parallel with multicore computing devices such as GPUs. Deep learning models show great success in applications such as classification of raw data, regression analysis and estimation in time series. One of the most active application areas of these models is “the financial market” which aims a good estimation of stock prices in the exchange market. In this paper, it is aimed to forecast the short or long term future value by looking at the previous log data of the stock on the process of change in the market. In this study, a price forecasting system was developed by using 3 different deep learning models named LSTM, GRU and BLSTM with a comparative analysis between them. The time series values of the stock were used from the New York Stock Exchange from 1968 to 2018 as a set of data to be free of speculative movements. Specifically, tests were conducted on IBM stock. Experimental results show that the directional accuracy of 63.54% was achieved with the BLSTM model where the last 5-day transaction data of the stock were used as input.

The harmfuleffects of radiation on human health have long been recognized. These effectsinclude radiation burns, radiation diseases, shortening of life span, cancerand hereditary disorders. Therefore, the absorption properties andapplicability of the material used in radiation shielding are very important.Hence, studies are underway on the development of different types of shieldingmaterials. In this study, radiation absorption properties of lead (II) nitratePb(NO3)2 coated wall papers were investigated. The wallpapers in different densities (100% precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), 2.5g, 5 g, and 7.5 g amounts of Pb(NO3)2) and variousthicknesses (0.176-0.236 mm) were prepared and investigated. 4 MeV-energizedelectrons were applied to the Pb(NO3)2 coated wall papersand measurements were taken with the PTW brand electron detector. Also,theoretical calculations have been done by using WinXCom program. According tothe obtained results, these wallpapers' absorption properties increaseddepending on thickness. Thus, it has been seen that the Pb(NO3)2coated wallpapers can be used with other materials in radiation shielding., Radyasyonuninsan sağlığı üzerindeki zararlı etkileri uzun zamandır bilinmektedir. Buetkiler radyasyon yanıkları, radyasyon hastalıkları, yaşam süresinin kısalması,kanser ve kalıtsal bozuklukları içerir. Bu nedenle, radyasyon zırhlamadakullanılan malzemenin soğurma özellikleri ve uygulanabilirliği çok önemlidir.Bu nedenle, farklı koruyucu malzemelerin geliştirilmesi üzerine çalışmalardevam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada kurşun (II) nitrat Pb(NO3)2kaplamalı duvar kâğıtlarının radyasyon soğurma özellikleri araştırılmıştır.Farklı yoğunluklarda (%100 çökeltilmiş kalsiyum karbonat (PCC), 2.5 g, 5 G ve7.5 g Pb(NO3)2) ve çeşitli kalınlıklarda (0.176-0.236 mm)duvar kağıtları hazırlandı ve araştırıldı. Pb(NO3)2 kaplanmış kağıtlara 4 MeV-enerjilielektron uygulandı ve PTW marka elektron detektörü ile ölçümler alındı. Ayrıca,WinXCom programı kullanılarak teorik hesaplamalar yapıldı. Elde edilensonuçlara göre, bu duvar kâğıtlarının soğurma özellikleri kalınlığa bağlıolarak artmıştır. Böylece, Pb(NO3)2 kaplı duvarkağıtlarının diğer malzemelerle birlikte radyasyon zırhlamada kullanılabileceğigörülmüştür.

An important field of the temperature control isthe identification of physical features of materials at a wide range ofoperating temperatures. This paper presents the design of a temperature controlledthermal system in heating and cooling processes. This system will be used in atension-compression testing machine. During the tensile experiments, the aim isto keep the inside of the chamber at a desired temperature. The thermal systemconsists of an isolated metal box, dry resistance, power regulator,thermocouple, air fun, relay, amplifier, microcontroller and computer. For thecooling processes in cryogenic temperatures, the system has also a solenoidvalve, DC motor driver and a liquid nitrogen tank. The temperature of thechamber with a small bulk is controlled by a feedback system. This feedbacksystem measures the temperature with a K-type thermocouple and uses acombination of a table-supported PID, P and on-off controllers to compensatethe errors between the reference and measured temperatures. In this setup,Arduino is used as a microcontroller because it is simple, inexpensive and easyto program. This card supplies all communication between the computer and theexperimental setup by a program written on the MATLAB with Arduino package forreal-time applications. According to the experimental results, the temperatureof the insulated chamber can be easily maintained between +450 oCand –100 oC. The user defineddifferent temperature profiles were successfully performed on the setup and theoutcomes were compared with the mathematical model in the heating and coolingprocesses. The deviations from the desired temperatures were found to be at anacceptable level for the applications on a tension-compression testing machine., Sıcaklıkkontrolünün önemli bir uygulama alanı malzemelerin mekanik karakteristiklerinintanımlanmasındaki kullanımıdır. Bu çalışmada sıcaklık kontrollü bir ısıtma vesoğutma sisteminin tasarımı sunulmaktadır. Çok geniş sıcaklık aralıklarındaçalışmaya izin veren bu sistem bir çekme-basma test cihazı için tasarlanmıştır. Çekme-basma deneylerinin yapıldığı hazneninsıcaklığı testler sırasında istenilen sıcaklık aralıklarında tutulmasıamaçlanmıştır. Bu termal sistem yalıtılmış metal hazne, kuru rezistans, güçayarlayıcı, ısıl çift, hava fanı, röle, yükseltici, mikro kontrolcü vebilgisayar gibi temel elektrik ve mekanik elemanlardan oluşmaktadır. Krojeniksıcaklıklarda soğutma işlemi için ise bu elemanlara ek olarak solenoid valf, DCmotor sürücü ve sıvı azot tankı sisteme eklenmiştir. Haznenin içinin sıcaklığıbir geri beslemeli bir sistem ile kontrol edilmektedir. Bu geri beslemeli kontrolsistemi sıcaklığı bir K-tipi ısıl çift ile ölçmekte olup hataları telafi etmekiçin tablo destekli PID, P ve on-off kontrolcülerin bir kombinasyonukullanılmaktadır. Soğutma kısmında ise sıcaklık kontrolü valf karakteristiğineuygun olarak oransal kontrol işlemi ile yapılmaktadır. Bu sitemde basit, ucuzve programlanması kolay olduğu için mikro kontrolcü olarak Arduino işlemcikartı kullanılmıştır. Bilgisayar ve deney düzeneği arasındaki tüm haberleşmelerbu kart aracılığı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçek zamanlı uygulamalar içinMATLAB programı üzerinde yazılan programlar hem haberleşmede hem de kontroldebüyük bir başarı göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, yalıtılmış haznenin sıcaklığı +450 oC ila –100 oCarasında kolay bir şekilde tutulabilmiştir. Bazı deneysel çalışmalarınuygulanmasıyla, kullanıcı tanımlı değişik sıcaklık profilleri başarılı birşekilde test cihazı üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve sonuçlar ısıtma ve soğutmasisteminin matematiksel modelinden elde edilen sonuçlar ilekarşılaştırılmıştır. Oluşan sapmaların çekme-basma test cihazı uygulaması içinkabul edilebilir bir seviyede oldukları görülmüştür.

This paper deals with constructing the Stancu type modication of the Baskakov operators using (p,q) - integers. We study the rate of convergence by using Peetre's K-functional and modulus of continuity. In addition, we examine the pointwise estimation of the new operators for continuous and bounded functions in a Lipschitz space and a Lipschitz-type maximal function. Finally, we illustrate the convergence of the constructed operators to some functions with the help of MATLAB.

In this paper, a boundary version of the Schwarz lemma has been considered for driving point impedance functions at s=0 point of the imaginary axis. Accordingly, under Z(0)=0condition, the modulus of the derivative of the Z(s) function has been considered from below. Here, Z(alfa), c1 and c2 coefficients of the Taylor expansion of the Z(s)=beta+c1(s-alfa)+... function have been used in the obtained inequalities. The sharpness of these inequalities has also been proved.

In this paper the vibration distributions of H+F2reaction on the ground electronic state, which are important for chemicallaser, have been discussed. The HF molecule formed by this reaction has beenexamined depending on the initial and final vibration states in particularcollision energies. The results have been obtained using time dependent quantummechanical Real Wave Packet (RWP) method on Potential Energy Surface (PES)[Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 496, 2010, 248-263], which can be given morerealistic values in the strong interaction region. The state to state reactiondistributions have been calculated to be able to compare with both experimentalresults at the collision energy of 0.105 eVand Quasi-Classical Trajectories (QCT) results depended on LEPS potential atthe collision energies of 0.494 eVand 0.086 eV. Also in this study, the obtained rateconstants have been compared by theoretical and experimental values in theliterature and are found to be in good agreement to each other., Bu çalışmada kimyasal lazerler için önemli olan,taban elektronik durum üzerinde H+F2 reaksiyonunun titreşimdağılımları görüşülmüştür. Reaksiyonla oluşan HF molekülü, belli çarpışmaenerjilerinde, başlangıç ve son kuantum durumlarına bağlı olarak incelenmiştir.Sonuçlar, güçlü etkileşme bölgesinde daha gerçekçi değerleri verebilenpotansiyel enerji yüzeyi üzerinde zamana bağlı kuantum mekaniksel Reel DalgaPaketi (RWP) kullanılarak elde edildi. Bir durumdan diğerine reaksiyondağılımları, 0,105 eV luk deneysel sonuçlar ve 0,494 ve 0,086 eV luk YarıKlasik İz metodu (QCT) sonuçları ile kıyaslayabilmek için hesaplandı. Ayrıca buçalışmada, elde edilen hız sabitleri literatürde bulunan deneysel ve teorikdeğerlerle karşılaştırıldı ve birbirleri ile iyi uyumda oldukları gözlemlendi.

Fractional calculus and its generalizations are used for the solutions of some classes of linear ordinary and partial differential equations of the second and higher orders and fractional differential equations. In this paper, our aim is that obtaining fractional solutions of the associated Legendre equation via N-fractional calculus operator method

The main goal of this paper is to define a new infinite Toeplitz matrix and to examine some algebraic and topological properties of the sequence spaces and where by means of this matrix.en

This paper deals with distribution of the Acrobasis advenella in Turkey. Larval food plants and distribution aswell as a female adult and habitat pictures of species were presented in this study., Bu çalışma Acrobasis advenella’nın Türkiye’deki dağılımı ile ilgilidir. Türün yayılışı ve larval besin bitkilerininyanısıra ergin bir dişi birey ve habitatına ait resimler de bu çalışmada sunulmuştur.