35 results on '"hiv patients"'
Search Results
2. Integrase inhibitors versus efavirenz combination antiretroviral therapies for TB/HIV coinfection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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Shu, Yuanlu, Deng, Ziwei, Wang, Hongqiang, Chen, Yi, Yuan, Lijialong, Deng, Ye, Tu, Xiaojun, Zhao, Xiang, Shi, Zhihua, Huang, Minjiang, and Qiu, Chengfeng
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DRUG therapy for tuberculosis , *HIV infections , *EFAVIRENZ , *DRUG efficacy , *ONLINE information services , *RALTEGRAVIR , *HIV integrase inhibitors , *COMBINATION drug therapy , *META-analysis , *MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems , *MEDICAL databases , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *MIXED infections , *ANTITUBERCULAR agents , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *MEDLINE , *ODDS ratio , *EVALUATION - Abstract
Background: Integrase inhibitors (INIs)-based antiretroviral therapies (ART) are more recommended than efavirenz (EFV)-based ART for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Yet, the advantage of integrase inhibitors in treating TB/HIV coinfection is uncertain. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects and safety of INIs- versus EFV-based ART in TB/HIV coinfection, and demonstrate the feasibility of the regimens. Methods: Four electronic databases were systematically searched through September 2020. Fixed-effects models were used to calculate pooled effect size for all outcomes. The primary outcomes were virologic suppression and bacteriology suppression for INIs- versus EFV-based ART. Secondary outcomes included CD4+ cell counts change from baseline, adherence and safety. Results: Three trials (including 672 TB/HIV patients) were eligible. ART combining INIs and EFV had similar effects for all outcomes, with none of the point estimates argued against the INIs-based ART on TB/HIV patients. Compared to EFV-based ART as the reference group, the RR was 0.94 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.05) for virologic suppression, 1.00 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.05) for bacteriology suppression, 0.98 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.01) for adherence. The mean difference in CD4+ cell counts increase between the two groups was 14.23 cells/μl (95% CI 0− 6.40 to 34.86). With regard to safety (adverse events, drug-related adverse events, discontinuation for drugs, grade 3–4 adverse events, IRIS (grade 3–4), and death), INIs-based regimen was broadly similar to EFV-based regimens. The analytical results in all sub-analyses of raltegravir- (RAL) and dolutegravir (DTG) -based ART were valid. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates similar efficacy and safety of INIs-based ART compared with EFV-based ART. This finding supports INIs-based ART as a first-line treatment in TB/HIV patients. The conclusions presented here still await further validation owing to insufficient data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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3. Quality of life of HIV-infected individuals: insights from a study of patients in Kermanshah, Iran.
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Khademi, Nahid, Zanganeh, Alireza, Saeidi, Shahram, Teimouri, Raziyeh, Khezeli, Mehdi, Jamshidi, Babak, Yigitcanlar, Tan, Salimi, Yahya, Almasi, Ali, and Gholami Kiaee, Kobra
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HIV-positive persons , *DRUG utilization , *QUALITY of life , *MEDICAL personnel - Abstract
Background: Quality of life (QOL) is one of the major factors to assessing the health and wellbeing of People living with HIV (PLWH). Likewise, improved QOL is among the prominent goals of patient treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the QOL of PLWH in Kermanshah, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 364 PLWH of Kermanshah between 2016 and 2017. Outpatients were selected as the sample through the convenience sampling method from HIV Positive Clients of Kermanshah Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center. The reasons for the selection of outpatients include: (a) some patients were substance users, homeless or did not have a fixed address to follow-up; (b) addresses and personal details that were registered on the first admission were incorrect or incomplete; (c) due to financial issues, some were forced to relocate frequently and were difficult to track; (d) some patients were convicts or prisoners, making it hard to find them after their release; (e) some of them were from other provinces, where managing access was not easy/possible. Data was collected using WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire (Persian Version). Data also analyzed with STATA 14, and SPSS 23 using T-test and multiple regression.Results: This study showed that mean (SD) age of PLWH was 40.21 (10.45) years. Females had better QOL than males except for spirituality, religion and personal beliefs. The gender differences disappeared in multivariate results. A significant association was observed between education and the independence, environment, and spirituality domains of QOL. In addition, being married was correlated with overall QOL, psychological and social relationships domains of QOL of PLWH. Drug use was a behavioral factor with negative influence on the QOL.Conclusion: This study found that marital status and drug use were the main predictors of various domains of QOL. Drug use was a behavioral factor with a negative influence on the QOL. Hence, it is recommended that health professionals, planners, and policymakers take effective measures to improve the status quo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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4. Human Toxoplasma gondii infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 1960 and 2019.
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Karshima, Solomon Ngutor and Karshima, Magdalene Nguvan
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TOXOPLASMA gondii , *META-analysis , *TOXOPLASMOSIS , *THIRD trimester of pregnancy , *CHORIORETINITIS , *HYDROCEPHALUS - Abstract
Background: Over 70% of the worlds' population is infected by Toxoplasma gondii; a pathogen capable of causing cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV patients and neonatal complications like miscarriage, chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification and foetal death in the third trimester of pregnancy. In spite of this, the burden of this zoonotic pathogen is poorly understood in Nigeria. The aim of the present study therefore, is to determine the burden of T. gondii among normal individuals, HIV patients and pregnant women as well as the distribution of the infection across Nigeria.Methods: Using the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of data retrieved from six electronic databases (AJOL, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science). Pooled prevalence (PP) and heterogeneity were determined by the random-effects model and the Cochran's Q-test respectively. The quality of each study and publication bias were assessed by the 9 point Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument and the Egger's regression asymmetry test respectively, while the robustness of a pooled estimate was tested by the single study omission analysis.Results: Exactly 5834 of the 16,230 individuals examined for T. gondii infection by 50 studies across 17 Nigerian States were positive for the infection. Overall PP was 32.92% (95% CI: 27.89, 38.37), with a range of 14.41% (95% CI: 5.32, 33.54) to 86.82% (95% CI: 66.13, 95.69) across sub-groups. Pooled prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.001) among pregnant women (40.25%; 95% CI: 33.19, 47.73) and HIV patients (31.68, 95% CI: 20.53, 45.41) than normal individuals (23.32, 95% CI: 17.25, 30.75). T. gondii prevalence declined by over 58% during the 59 years reviewed.Conclusion: Toxoplasma gondii infection is moderately prevalent in Nigeria. Highest prevalence estimates were observed among pregnant women and in the south-south region. For effective control of the disease in Nigeria, a holistic approach involving on-farm, environmental, public health and animal components are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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5. Can socio-economic differences explain low expectation of health services among HIV patients compared to non-HIV counterparts?
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Jing Li, Assanangkornchai, Sawitri, Lin Lu, Le Cai, Jing You, McNeil1, Edward B., Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi, Li, Jing, Lu, Lin, Cai, Le, You, Jing, and McNeil, Edward B
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MEDICAL care of HIV-positive persons , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *SOCIAL stigma , *CROSS-sectional method , *EXPECTATION (Psychology) , *CONTROL groups , *AGE distribution , *MEDICAL quality control , *MINORITIES , *PATIENT satisfaction , *TIME , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,HIV infections & psychology - Abstract
Background: The health service of China has encountered significant challenges due to inequalities in socio-economic determinants of health. HIV patients are known to suffer from social stigma, and may receive inadequate responsiveness from health providers. Before assessing the responsiveness they receive, it is important to know their expectations. We aimed to compare levels of expectation towards the healthcare service among HIV and non-HIV patients with adjustment for socio-economic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during January and February, 2015 among two consecutive groups of HIV positive and non-HIV patients in two hospitals in Kunming, China. Patients' expectation towards eight domains of health system responsiveness was measured using 40 vignettes; five per domain. Each vignette was ranked from 1 "very good" to 5 "very bad", and the responses were summed to obtain a total score for each domain. Differences in total scores were compared between the two groups and adjusted for other factors using multiple linear regression.Results: The three domains with the highest scores, reflecting high expectation, were prompt attention, basic amenities and choice. Adjusted for other factors, HIV patients had significantly lower levels of expectation in all domains compared to the non-HIV group. Age was associated with the basic amenities domain, with young adults having higher expectations than other age groups. Minority ethnic groups had lower expectation towards dignity, prompt attention and autonomy domains compared to Han ethnicity. Those who lived in a home with 2-4 family members had higher expectations towards confidentiality than those who lived alone.Conclusion: Patients with HIV have significantly lower levels of expectations even after adjusting for socio-economic factors. Assessment of health system responsiveness based on their judgments above may give biased results toward favorable service quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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6. Knowledge of Nairobi East District Community Health Workers concerning HIV-related orofacial lesions and other common oral lesions.
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Koyio, Lucina N., van der Sanden, Wil J. M., Dimba, Elizabeth O., Mulder, Jan, van der Ven, Andre J. A. M., Merkx, Matthias A. W., and Frencken, Jo E.
- Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related orofacial lesions (HROLs) impact negatively on the health of patients and could be managed at primary healthcare (PHC) level. Community health workers (CHWs) are crucial in optimal patient management through patient identification, education and early referral for professional care. The study objective was to assess knowledge of Nairobi East district CHWs regarding HROLs and other common oral diseases. Methods: Of the total population of CHWs, 815 [94.5%] completed a 56-item questionnaire covering 5 topics: general dental knowledge, knowledge about HROLs, past encounters with HROLs, current care at community level, opinions regarding oral health problems; and items concerning background characteristics and past training activities. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values of 0.45, 0.59, 0.79, 0.50 and 0.09 respectively. The first four topics were confirmed as domains. Mean minimum score was 0 and mean maximum score was 1 for each variable. However, for ‘past encounters with HROLs, the minimum score was 0 and maximum score was 5. Results: CHWs had moderate knowledge about general oral health (mean = 0.47) and HROLs (mean = 0.43). None had been formally trained in oral health aspects. Although they had high opinions regarding their role in identifying, educating and referring patients with HROLs (mean = 0.80) to the health facilities, they actually rarely referred such patients. Conclusions: CHWs need training for building competence in promoting oral health among general and HIV patients in their communities and in early identification and management of non-HIV oral lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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7. Predictors of loss to follow-up before HIV treatment initiation in Northwest Ethiopia: a case control study.
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Ahmed, Ismael, Gugsa, Salem T., Lemma, Seblewengel, and Demissie, Meaza
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HIV-positive persons , *HIV infections , *THERAPEUTICS , *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents , *UNIVERSITY hospitals - Abstract
Background: In Ethiopia, there is a growing concern about the increasing rates of loss to follow-up (LTFU) in HIV programs among people waiting to start HIV treatment. Unlike other African countries, there is little information about the factors associated with LTFU among pre-antiretroviral treatment (pre-ART) patients in Ethiopia. We conducted a case-control study to investigate factors associated with pre-ART LTFU in Ethiopia. Methods: Charts of HIV patients newly enrolled in HIV care at Gondar University Hospital (GUH) between September 11, 2008 and May 8, 2011 were reviewed. Patients who were "loss to follow-up" during the pre-ART period were considered to be cases and patients who were "in care" during the pre-ART period were controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with pre-ART LTFU. Results: In multivariable analyses, the following factors were found to be independently associated with pre-ART LTFU: male gender [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.00 (95% CI: 1.15, 3.46)], higher baseline CD4 cell count (251-300 cells/μl [AOR = 2.64 (95% CI: 1.05, 6.65)], 301-350 cells/μl [AOR = 5.21 (95% CI: 1.94, 13.99)], and >350 cells/μl [AOR = 12.10 (95% CI: 6.33, 23.12)] compared to CD4 cell count of ⩽200 cells/μl) and less advanced disease stage (WHO stage I [AOR = 2.81 (95% CI: 1.15, 6.91)] compared to WHO stage IV). Married patients [AOR = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.79)] had reduced odds of being LTFU. In addition, patients whose next visit date was not documented on their medical chart [AOR = 241.39 (95% CI: 119.90, 485.97)] were more likely to be LTFU. Conclusion: Our study identified various factors associated with pre-ART LTFU. The findings highlight the importance of giving considerable attention to pre-ART patients' care from the time that they learn of their positive HIV serostatus. The completeness of the medical records, the standard of record keeping and obstacles to retrieving charts also indicate a serious problem that needs due attention from clinicians and data personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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8. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in HIV-positive patients: a cross-sectional study among newly diagnosed patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Minya L'akoa, Rodrigue, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Yixin Fang, Enyime Ntone, Félicien, and Kuaban, Christopher
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AFFECTIVE disorders , *SYMPTOMS , *HIV-positive persons , *CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Background: Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric complications of HIV disease, and in turn it is associated with worse HIV-related outcomes. Data on depression among HIV-infected patients in Cameroon are scarce. In this study, we report the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 100 newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients at three referral hospitals of Yaoundé. Depression was assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A positive depression screen was defined as PHQ-9 score greater than 9. Results: The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 63% (95% CI: 53.2 to 71.8), the majority having symptoms corresponding to moderate depression. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that probable depressed patients were more likely than those who were not depressed to have had experience of alcohol abuse (OR: 19.03, 95% CI 3.11-375.85; p = 0.0083), and a 100 CD4 cells/mm3 fewer was associated with a 2.9 times increase of the odds of probable depression (95% CI 1.88-4.84; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in our setting, and their association with alcohol abuse and severe immunosuppression. This study also highlights the necessity to integrate mental health interventions into routine HIV clinical care in Cameroon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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9. The effect of tuberculosis on immune reconstitution among HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Adigrat general hospital, eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia; 2019: a retrospective follow up study
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Negash, Hadush, Legese, Haftom, Tefera, Mebrahtu, Mardu, Fitsum, Tesfay, Kebede, Gebresilasie, Senait, Fseha, Berhane, Kahsay, Tsega, Gebrewahd, Aderajew, and Berhe, Brhane
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- 2019
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10. Implementation of an interprofessional medication adherence program for HIV patients: description of the process using the framework for the implementation of services in pharmacy
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Lelubre, Mélanie, Clerc, Olivier, Grosjean, Marielle, Amighi, Karim, De Vriese, Carine, Bugnon, Olivier, and Schneider, Marie-Paule
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- 2018
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11. Survival of HIV infected patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon: a comparative study
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Halle, Marie Patrice, Edjomo, Anais Mfoula, Fouda, Hermine, Djantio, Hilaire, Essomba, Noel, and Ashuntantang, Gloria Enow
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- 2018
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12. Relationship between combination antiretroviral therapy regimens and diabetes mellitus-related comorbidities among HIV patients in Gaborone Botswana
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Tshikuka, Jose Gaby, Rankgoane-Pono, Goabaone, Magafu, Mgaywa Gilbert Mjungu Damas, Masupe, Tiny, Molefi, Mooketsi, Nsikungu-Kalukul, Maurice, Tlhakanelo, John Thato, Hamda, Shimeles Genna, and Setlhare, Vincent
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- 2018
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13. Prevalence of thrombocytopenia before and after initiation of HAART among HIV infected patients at black lion specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study
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Diresibachew Haile Wondimu and Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel
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medicine.medical_specialty ,HAART ,Cross-sectional study ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Logistic regression ,medicine.disease_cause ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Hiv infected patients ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Angiology ,Hematology ,lcsh:RC633-647.5 ,business.industry ,HIV ,lcsh:Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,Thrombocytopenia ,Hiv patients ,Ethiopia ,Complication ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Hematological abnormalities are common in HIV positive patients. Of these, thrombocytopenia is a known complication which has been associated with a variety of bleeding disorders. However, its magnitude and related factors have not been well-characterized in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of thrombocytopenia before and after initiation of HAART among HIV positive patients attending Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted from February to April 2017 in Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 176 patients on HAART were selected using simple random sampling techniques. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients were collected using structured questionnaire. Measurements of platelet counts and CD4 + T cell counts were made using Sysmex XT 2000i hematology analyzer and BD FACS Count CD4 analyzer, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data (Paired T- test and binary logistic regression) was done using SPSS version 20. P-value 18 years old) were enrolled in this study and had a mean age of 40.08 ± 9.38 years. There was significant increase in the mean values of platelet counts (218.44 ± 106.6 × 103/μl vs 273.65 ± 83.8 × 103/μl, p
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- 2018
14. Evaluation of trypan blue stain in a haemocytometer for rapid detection of cerebrospinal fluid sterility in HIV patients with cryptococcal meningitis
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Andrew Kambugu, Richard Kwizera, Andrew Akampurira, Kirsten Nielsen, Tadeo Kiiza Kandole, David B. Meya, David R. Boulware, and Joshua Rhein
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sterility ,Point-of-Care Systems ,030106 microbiology ,Cryptococcus ,HIV Infections ,Meningitis, Cryptococcal ,Microbiology ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Hemocytometer ,Diagnostic techniques and procedures ,medicine ,Humans ,Uganda ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cerebrospinal Fluid ,biology ,Staining and Labeling ,Diagnostic Tests, Routine ,HIV ,Trypan Blue ,biology.organism_classification ,Trypan blue stain ,3. Good health ,chemistry ,Infertility ,Immunology ,Hiv patients ,Trypan blue ,Female ,Cryptococcal meningitis ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Quantitative culture is the most common method to determine the fungal burden and sterility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among persons with cryptococcal meningitis. A major drawback of cultures is a long turnaround-time. Recent evidence demonstrates that live and dead Cryptococcus yeasts can be distinguished using trypan blue staining. We hypothesized that trypan blue staining combined with haemocytometer counting may provide a rapid estimation of quantitative culture count and detection of CSF sterility. To test this, we evaluated 194 CSF specimens from 96 HIV-infected participants with cryptococcal meningitis in Kampala, Uganda. Cryptococcal meningitis was diagnosed by CSF cryptococcal antigen (CRAG). We stained CSF with trypan blue and quantified yeasts using a haemocytometer. We compared the haemocytometer readings versus quantitative Cryptococcus CSF cultures. Results Haemocytometer counting with trypan blue staining had a sensitivity of 98% (64/65), while CSF cultures had a sensitivity of 95% (62/65) with reference to CSF CRAG for diagnostic CSF specimens. For samples that were positive in both tests, the haemocytometer had higher readings compared to culture. For diagnostic specimens, the median of log10 transformed counts were 5.59 (n = 64, IQR = 5.09 to 6.05) for haemocytometer and 4.98 (n = 62, IQR = 3.75 to 5.79) for culture; while the overall median counts were 5.35 (n = 189, IQR = 4.78–5.84) for haemocytometer and 3.99 (n = 151, IQR = 2.59–5.14) for cultures. The percentage agreement with culture sterility was 2.4% (1/42). Counts among non-sterile follow-up specimens had a median of 5.38 (n = 86, IQR = 4.74 to 6.03) for haemocytometer and 2.89 (n = 89, IQR = 2.11 to 4.38) for culture. At diagnosis, CSF quantitative cultures correlated with haemocytometer counts (R2 = 0.59, P
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- 2017
15. Predictors of CD4 count over time among HIV patients initiated ART in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia: multilevel analysis
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Lemma Derseh Gezie
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Adult ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Employment ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Referral ,Adolescent ,Linear mixed method ,Anti-HIV Agents ,030231 tropical medicine ,HIV Infections ,CD4 count ,Multilevel analysis ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cd4 cell count ,Retrospective Studies ,Medicine(all) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,business.industry ,Multilevel model ,Age Factors ,food and beverages ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Viral Load ,Prognosis ,Antiretroviral therapy ,Hospitals ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Hiv patients ,Disease Progression ,HIV-1 ,Female ,Ethiopia ,Disease progress ,business ,Viral load ,ART ,Biomarkers ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The response of HIV patients to antiretroviral therapy could be measured by its strong predictor, the CD4+ T cell (CD4) count for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy and proper management of disease progress. However, in addition to HIV, there are other factors which can influence the CD4 cell count. Patient’s socio-economic, demographic, and behavioral variables, accessibility, duration of treatment etc., can be used to predict CD4 count. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the predictors of CD4 count among ART users enrolled in the first 6 months of 2010 and followed upto mid 2014. The covariance components model was employed to determine the predictors of CD4 count over time. Results A total of 1196 ART attendants were used to analyze their data descriptively. Eight hundred sixty-one of the attendants had two or more CD4 count measurements and were used in modeling their data using the linear mixed method. Thus, the mean rates of incensement of CD4 counts for patients with ambulatory/bedridden and working baseline functional status were 17.4 and 30.6 cells/mm3 per year, respectively. After adjusting for other variables, for each additional baseline CD4 count, the gain in CD4 count during treatment was 0.818 cells/mm3 (p value
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- 2016
16. Profile of blood cell abnormalities among antiretroviral therapy naïve HIV patients attending the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon
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Claude Tayou Tagny, Paul Nji Wankah, and Dora Mbanya
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antiretroviral therapy naive ,Blood cell ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Peripheral blood cell abnormalities ,Molecular Biology ,Angiology ,Hematology ,business.industry ,HIV ,medicine.disease ,Antiretroviral therapy ,Reticulocyte count ,AIDS ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,Hiv patients ,Hemogram ,University teaching ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Abnormal hemograms are common manifestations and important predictive tools for morbidity in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Few studies have been reported on the blood profile of HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive subjects, therefore this study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively describe the blood cell profile of HIV ART naive patients, and to describe the occurrence of the blood cytopenias by CD4 cell counts and WHO clinical stage. Methods This cross-sectional study of ART naive HIV patients was done at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital (YUTH). For eligible participants, a structured questionnaire was filled and a clinical examination was done. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of full blood count and CD4 cell count. Blood films were made for the cytological examination of the blood samples and a reticulocyte count was done by the cresyl blue stain method. Results Of 81 cases reviewed, 66 (81.5%) had a blood cell disorder. The main qualitative blood disorders on the blood film were metamyelocytes (37.1%), toxic neutrophils (33.3%), stab neutrophils (29.6%), anisocytosis (35.6%) hypochromia (32.1%) and giant platelets (22.2%). Anaemia (62.9%) was the most common quantitative disorder of which 86.3% had low reticulocyte counts. Participants with low CD4 counts and advanced clinical stages had a greater occurrence of blood cytopenias (p-values
- Published
- 2014
17. Complex comorbidity and adherence to therapy for chronic kidney disease: disease perceptions & adherence in patients with comorbid HIV
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Ioannis Konstantinidis, Christina M. Wyatt, and Marina Yostos
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medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Population ,Alternative medicine ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,Disease ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Data science ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Internal medicine ,Meeting Abstract ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,In patient ,education ,business ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Background In the light of an aging HIV population and improved HIV treatment, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become a common contributor to morbidity and mortality. Despite that the management of CKD in HIV patients is a growing priority, little is known about the impact of HIV infection on CKD therapy adherence [1]. To investigate adherence to CKD medications and antiretroviral (ARV) medications in patients with co-morbid HIV infection and CKD in order to identify modifiable predictors of dual adherence, focusing on illness representation and medication beliefs.
- Published
- 2015
18. Neurological complications in HIV patients – a case of PML-IRIS
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Benjamin Davido, Christian Perronne, Smaranda Gliga, Robert Carlier, and Mathilde Devaux
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Contrast enhancement ,business.industry ,viruses ,Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ,medicine.medical_treatment ,virus diseases ,Immunosuppression ,medicine.disease ,Hyperintensity ,Medical microbiology ,Immune system ,Infectious Diseases ,Poster Presentation ,Hiv patients ,Demyelinating disease ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Background Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but frequently fatal demyelinating disease caused by the JC polyomavirus (JCV). It has been traditionally associated to severe immunosuppression and described mainly in HIV patients with a low CD4 count. On neuroimaging, PML is classically seen as diffuse, often multifocal, white matter lesions involving the U-fibers without associated contrast enhancement, vasogenic edema or mass effect. If untreated, PML is usually fatal within 1 year. Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may prolong survival. Nevertheless, in the recent decade, the availability of HAART can also be responsible for some PML cases attributed to the reconstitution of the immune system known as PML-IRIS.
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- 2014
19. Too bad! Fixed dose combination antiretroviral drugs
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Thomas Agyarko-Poku, Yaw Adu Sarkodie, and Linda Atakorah-Yeboah
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Treatment regimen ,business.industry ,Fixed-dose combination ,virus diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Pill ,Poster Presentation ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Hiv patients ,medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Abstract
Pill burden is a factor for non-adherence to Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). The introduction of Fixed Dose Combination ARVs regime is seen as an antidote to pill burden among HIV patients on treatment. The study hypothesized that not all HIV patients will accept this new regime, and was conducted to determine their perception on the new treatment regime.
- Published
- 2014
20. Prevalence and risk factors associated with infection of major diarrhoegenic protozoan parasites in HIV patients with ART at Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Assam, India
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Sankar Kumar Ghosh, Baby Singha, Gulzar Hussain, Prithwiraj Bhattacharjee, and Joyobrato Nath
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,Routine screening ,business.industry ,Water source ,Logistic regression ,Parasitic infection ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical microbiology ,Internal medicine ,Tropical medicine ,Poster Presentation ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,In patient ,business - Abstract
Results The overall prevalence of the four diarrhoegenic Protozoan parasitic infections was estimated to be 22.9% (95% CI= 18.40, 28.33) which included E. bieneusi was the most common (12.4%; 95% CI= 9.02, 16.84) followed by C. parvum (9.5%; 95% CI= 6.56, 13.54), E. histolytica (8.1%; 95% CI= 5.36, 11.86), and G. duodenalis (4.7%; 95% CI= 2.79, 7.94). The overall infection in patients with CD4 count ≤200 cells/μL was significantly higher as compared with patients with CD4 counts 200-300 and ≥ 300 cells/ μL (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed close animal contact (OR= 2.42; 95% CI= 1.36, 4.29), river or well as water source (OR= 5.97; 95% CI= 3.22, 11.05), unhygienic toilet (OR= 3.43; 95% CI= 1.91, 6.17) and poor living condition (OR= 2.12; 95% CI= 1.19, 3.74) significantly increase the likelihood of infection (p< 0.01).
- Published
- 2014
21. M. tuberculosis enhances its virulence during replication in blood from HIV patients
- Author
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Hualin Li, Michelle B Ryndak, Lu Meng, Krishna Singh, Suman Laal, and Zhengyu Peng
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,biology ,business.industry ,Virulence ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical microbiology ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Parasitology ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,Oral Presentation ,business ,Whole blood - Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV act synergistically to enhance and accelerate the development of tuberculosis and progression of HIV infection to AIDS. Hematogenous dissemination of M. tuberculosis leading to extrapulmonary TB, disseminated TB and miliary TB is greatly increased in HIV+ TB patients. We have compared the transcriptome of M. tuberculosis replicating in whole blood from immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals to understand how M. tuberculosis adapts to the blood environment during hematogenous dissemination.
- Published
- 2014
22. Low level viraemia and the risk of virological failure in HIV infected patients
- Author
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Dragoş Florea, Leontina Banica, Ionelia Bâțan, Dan Oțelea, Simona Paraschiv, and Angelica Doana
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,virus diseases ,Virological failure ,Virology ,Regimen ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical microbiology ,Parasitology ,Tropical medicine ,Hiv patients ,medicine ,Hiv infected patients ,Oral Presentation ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
Objective: to estimate the rate and the significance of low level viraemia in HIV positive patients registered in the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, Bucharest, Romania. We retrospectively analysed the rate of HIV viral loads (VL) 200 and >1000 copies/mL) over a 12 months period. A low level VL was detected in 16.2% of the 3,916 evaluated patients, the rate of HIV RNA of 51-200 copies/mL being two times higher than the rate of a VL
- Published
- 2014
23. Virulence determinants of MRSA causing skin and soft tissue infections among HIV patients from Chennai
- Author
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A Nagarajan, Padma Krishnan, and J Suriakumar
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,business.industry ,Virulence ,Soft tissue ,ePoster presentation ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical microbiology ,Parasitology ,Healthy individuals ,Immunology ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,business ,Pathogen - Abstract
Background MRSA is a well armed pathogen with an array of virulence factors, which causes skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) among healthy individuals in community. Although there are few reports on MRSA causing SSTIs among HIV patients, there are no studies on their virulence determinants. Hence, the current study was done to detect the virulence determinants of MRSA causing SSTIs among HIV patients.
- Published
- 2014
24. Neuro-psychiatric co morbidity in HIV/AIDS; and effect of alcohol in CD4 count in HIV patients
- Author
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Kamala Deka, Saumitra Ghosh, Biswadeep Borthakur, Dhruba Jyoti Borah, BB Rewari, D Singh, Dhruba jyoti Bhuyan, and Supria Kumar Mandal
- Subjects
Aids patients ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychological response ,business.industry ,Alternative medicine ,medicine.disease ,ePoster presentation ,Mental health ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical microbiology ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Hiv patients ,Medicine ,Co morbidity ,business ,Psychiatry - Abstract
Background The exponential increment of various co-morbid disorders among HIV positive individuals includes various medical subspecialties and mental health is one of them. HIV/ AIDS affects mental health by its complex interactions which may be the result of the psychological response to the diagnosis or complex neurobiological interactions. Therefore the current study aims at systematic evaluation of psychiatric morbidity in HIV/AIDS patients.
- Published
- 2014
25. In vivo analysis of GenePro, a lentivral therapeutic vaccine
- Author
-
David Miller and Mariel Selbovitz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,business.industry ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,In vivo analysis ,Drug resistance ,medicine.disease_cause ,Infectious Diseases ,Poster Presentation ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,Therapeutic vaccine ,Intensive care medicine ,business - Abstract
Despite advances in HIV commercial therapies, including fixed-dose combinations, unprecedented proportions of HIV patients remain without therapeutic options due to lack of access to treatment and epidemiologically significant proportions of multi-class drug resistance that are driving morbidity levels in both developed and resource-poor settings. The need to emphasize the development of therapeutic options with the potential to abrogate these correlating trends are receiving insufficient dedication of resources, as new clinical strategies do not address these enduring disparities. GenePro, a therapeutic vaccine candidate, has shown preclinical efficacy via publicly sponsored research that demonstrates the potential to address a current therapeutic issue.
- Published
- 2014
26. Predictions of CD4 lymphocytes’ count in HIV patients from complete blood count
- Author
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Juan Bravo, Jessica Mora, Javier Rodríguez, Yolanda Soracipa, Signed Prieto, Catalina Correa, Luisa Álvarez, and Carlos E. Pérez
- Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,HIV diagnosis ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Complete blood count ,HIV ,Sets theory ,medicine.disease_cause ,CD4 ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Predictions ,Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,White blood cell ,Immunology ,Hiv patients ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,business ,Research Article ,CBC - Abstract
Background HIV diagnosis, prognostic and treatment requires T CD4 lymphocytes’ number from flow cytometry, an expensive technique often not available to people in developing countries. The aim of this work is to apply a previous developed methodology that predicts T CD4 lymphocytes’ value based on total white blood cell (WBC) count and lymphocytes count applying sets theory, from information taken from the Complete Blood Count (CBC). Methods Sets theory was used to classify into groups named A, B, C and D the number of leucocytes/mm3, lymphocytes/mm3, and CD4/μL3 subpopulation per flow cytometry of 800 HIV diagnosed patients. Union between sets A and C, and B and D were assessed, and intersection between both unions was described in order to establish the belonging percentage to these sets. Results were classified into eight ranges taken by 1000 leucocytes/mm3, calculating the belonging percentage of each range with respect to the whole sample. Results Intersection (A ∪ C) ∩ (B ∪ D) showed an effectiveness in the prediction of 81.44% for the range between 4000 and 4999 leukocytes, 91.89% for the range between 3000 and 3999, and 100% for the range below 3000. Conclusions Usefulness and clinical applicability of a methodology based on sets theory were confirmed to predict the T CD4 lymphocytes’ value, beginning with WBC and lymphocytes’ count from CBC. This methodology is new, objective, and has lower costs than the flow cytometry which is currently considered as Gold Standard.
- Published
- 2013
27. Relationship of ethnicity and CD4 Count with glucose metabolism among HIV patients on Highly-Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
- Author
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Rajagopal V. Sekhar, Dorothy E. Lewis, Ranjita Misra, Shivani S. Shinde, Ivonne Coraza, Henry J. Pownall, Steven E. Riechman, Dustin M. Long, Prakash Chandra, and Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,HbA1c ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Ethnic group ,Hispanic ,virus diseases ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,General Medicine ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,Dyslipidemia ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,Lipodystrophy ,business ,African American ,Research Article - Abstract
Background HIV patients on HAART are prone to metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, lipodystrophy and diabetes. This study purports to investigate the relationship of ethnicity and CD4+ T cell count attained after stable highly-active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) with glucose metabolism in hyperrtriglyceridemic HIV patients without a history of diabetes. Methods Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, endocrinologic, energy expenditure and metabolic measures were obtained in 199 multiethnic, healthy but hypertriglyceridemic HIV-infected patients [46% Hispanic, 17% African-American, 37% Non-Hispanic White (NHW)] on stable HAART without a history of diabetes. The relationship of glucose and insulin responses to ethnicity, CD4 strata (low (
- Published
- 2013
28. Mortality predictors in septic HIV patients in the ICU
- Author
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Mónica Mourelo-Fariña, A Aller-Fernández, R Gómez-López, M Alves-Pérez, P Fernández-Ugidos, P Lameiro-Flores, E Rodríguez-García, and P Vidal-Cortés
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Population ,virus diseases ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Sepsis ,Emergency medicine ,Poster Presentation ,Hiv patients ,Medicine ,business ,education ,Intensive care medicine - Abstract
Sepsis in HIV patients carries a high mortality. Our purpose is to identify mortality predictors in this population.
- Published
- 2013
29. P02.179. Effects of an integrated yoga program on mood, perceived stress, quality of life and immune measures in HIV patients: a pilot study
- Author
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U Deb, N Hongasandra Rama Rao, R Rao, Fredrick M. Hecht, N Raghuram, and A Burke
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perceived Stress Scale ,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,Intervention (counseling) ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Meditation ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,media_common ,030504 nursing ,business.industry ,lcsh:Other systems of medicine ,General Medicine ,lcsh:RZ201-999 ,humanities ,3. Good health ,Mood ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Poster Presentation ,Hiv patients ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
Methods Seventy HIV+ subjects not on HAART and with a CD4 count >250 were recruited from a HIV referral center in Bangalore to participate in a two arm randomized waitlist control trial. Subjects were randomized to receive a yoga intervention (N = 36) or serve as wait-list controls (N = 34). While the yoga group received an integrated set of one hour daily yoga therapy sessions (asanas, pranayama and meditation) for 3 months, the waitlist control group received only education and counseling during clinic visits. Both groups were assessed at baseline and after the intervention period using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, the HIV WHO QoL BREF, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; CD4, CD8 counts were measured using flow cytometry, and viral load using RT PCR. There were 11 dropouts in yoga and 9 in the control group.
- Published
- 2012
30. Group psychotherapy for HIV patients. A different approach
- Author
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Giovanna Celia, Michele Battuello, and Paolo Roma
- Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychotherapist ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Alternative medicine ,Psychological distress ,medicine.disease_cause ,Group psychotherapy ,Infectious Diseases ,Virology ,Poster Presentation ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,business ,Psychiatry ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,Autonomy ,media_common - Abstract
HIV is often related to psychological distress, after the diagnosis and the beginning of HAART. Brief Psychological approaches are important but they give only support, enhancing the relationships of the patients. In many cases these relationships are disfunctional too. Psychotherapies don´t focus on the indidvidual´s autonomy but on the support from the others.
- Published
- 2012
31. Incidence of bla genes among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from HIV and non-HIV patients in South India
- Author
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S. Rajasekaran, Kesavaram Padmavathy, and Padma Krishnan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.drug_class ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Cephalosporin ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,virus diseases ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Medical microbiology ,Parasitology ,Poster Presentation ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,business ,Gene ,Escherichia coli - Abstract
Background Group 3a/b cephalosporins are currently being used in the treatment of UTI and urosepsis. However, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) mediated resistance has been increasingly reported among uropathogens from HIV patients. We sought to determine the incidence of ESBL genesblaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV among E. coli isolates from HIV (with increased exposure to cephalosporins) and non-HIV antenatal patients.
- Published
- 2012
32. Prevalence of cervical and anal warts among HIV patients on ARV Nigerian special treatment center
- Author
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Omobola Yetunde Ojo, Oluwaseun Akinyemi, Modupe Onigbogi, and Olanrewaju Onigbogi
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Pathology ,business.industry ,Epidemiology ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Absolute risk reduction ,virus diseases ,medicine.disease ,Cancer registry ,Treatment center ,Infectious Diseases ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Oncology ,Anal warts ,Tropical medicine ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,Oral Presentation ,business - Abstract
Background With the introduction of HAART in many HIV treatment centers in Nigeria, there has been a decreased incidence of AIDS-related mortality and growing concern about the incidence of AIDS specific and nonAIDS specific cancers. This study thus sought to investigate patterns and incidence of cervical and anal warts among patients in a Special Treatment Center (SPC) before being diagnosed of having HIV and after starting ARVs.
- Published
- 2012
33. Subacute and rehabilitation care facilities « Soins de Suite et de Réadaptation (SSR) », dedicated to HIV patients in Marseilles, France
- Author
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Jean-Paul Dimet, Loïc Julien, Nathalie Petit, Berengère Labarrière, Gabrielle Vinai, Eliane Lerda, and Nadia Timezouaght
- Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Palliative care ,Activities of daily living ,business.industry ,Rehabilitation care ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Virology ,Poster Presentation ,Hiv patients ,Medicine ,Supportive housing ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,business ,Socioeconomic status ,Neurocognitive - Abstract
Results Admission criteria were wide, including patients ongoing opioid substitution treatment or still intravenous drug users. Patients were mostly transfered from acute medical care units in Marseilles geographic area (88%). Therapeutic objectives vary from monitoring somatic recovery, monitoring newly prescribed HAARTand VHC therapy, seeking for supportive housing, palliative care... There were few patients who had long and repeated stays in the unit (103 pts with 199 stays). Length of stay exceeded 31 days for 42% of the patients. Most of them have low socioeconomic status (63% COTOREPAAH,31% CMU,7% RMI). Disability profile was rather severe measured by impairment in activities of daily living, ADL, and instrumental activities of daily living, IADL with one third of patients with ADL
- Published
- 2010
34. P17-04. Targeting HIV peptides to human dendritic cells via CD40 elicits expansion of multi-epitope polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HIV patients
- Author
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Amanda Cobb, Yves Levy, Bryan King, L Sloan, Jacques Banchereau, Gerald Zurawski, Anne-Laure Flamar, S Zurawski, Développement de nouveaux vaccins pour le traitement de maladies virales chroniques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), North Texas Infectious Diseases Clinic, Mécanismes et traitement des maladies du foie, Anna Laura Ross, and BMC, Ed.
- Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,CD40 ,biology ,business.industry ,Fusion protein ,Infectious Diseases ,Immune system ,Antigen ,Virology ,Immunology ,Poster Presentation ,[SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,biology.protein ,Hiv patients ,Medicine ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Antibody ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,business ,Receptor ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Background Targeting Dendritic Cells (DCs) with anti-DC receptor antibody-antigen fusion proteins represents a novel approach to vaccine development. In mouse models, these innovative vaccines induce enhanced cellular, humoral, or mixed immune responses. Targeting antigens to particular DC subsets can lead to distinct immune outcomes but the consequence of targeting antigen via different receptors on the same DC is not well-studied.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Hospitalization and mortality of HIV patients in a low resources setting
- Author
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Maria Laura Ordoñez, Saldaño Ana Gomez, Martin Hojma, and Paula Nada
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ,medicine.disease ,Bioinformatics ,Pneumonia ,Cns toxoplasmosis ,Infectious Diseases ,Virology ,Internal medicine ,Poster Presentation ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Hiv patients ,Sarcoma ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
acquired pneumonia (8.4%), 1 CNS toxoplasmosis (8, 4%), 1 pleural TB (8.4%) (7,14%), 1 CNS TB (8, 4%), 1 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (8.4%), 1 Kaposi's sarcoma (8.4%), 1 unknown diagnosis (8.4%).
- Published
- 2006
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