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Start Over Descriptor "civil servant" Publisher biomed central
5 results on '"civil servant"'

1. Chronotype and leisure-time physical activity among civil servants in Japan: a cross-sectional analysis of the Aichi workers' cohort study.

Author

Okegawa, Ryusei, He, Yupeng, Matsunaga, Masaaki, Khine, May Thet, Li, Yuanying, Kitajima, Tsuyoshi, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, and Ota, Atsuhiko

Subjects
METABOLIC equivalent, LOGISTIC regression analysis, MORNINGNESS-Eveningness Questionnaire, ODDS ratio, CROSS-sectional method
Abstract

Background: The association between chronotype and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) remains unclear. We investigated the difference in regular LTPA and for a sufficient duration between those with evening-type (ET) and morning-type chronotypes (MT). Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the data of the Aichi Workers' Cohort Study. It included 3,221 men (mean [standard deviation] age: 45.0 [11.6] years) and 1,294 women (39.8 [11.2] years). Chronotypes were determined with the reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. We calculated the metabolic equivalents (METs) consumed per week based on the four types of LTPA: strolling, brisk walking, light- and moderate-intensity PA, and vigorous-intensity PA. Regular LTPA and for a sufficient duration was defined as doing once or more per week and for 30 min or longer per session, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was conducted separately by sex to calculate odds ratios of ET for regular LTPA and for a sufficient duration, adjusted for age and other factors, for each type of LTPA. Results: ET men consumed fewer total METs per week than MT men (p <.001), although this pattern is not found in women. Compared to MT men, ET men were less likely to be engaged in regular LTPA in all types of LTPA (prevalence and adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: strolling: 39.1% vs. 28.7%, 0.685 [0.524–0.895]; brisk walking: 23.9% vs. 14.4%, 0.639 [0.454–0.899]; light- and moderate-intensity PA: 15.4% vs. 8.4%, 0.613 [0.404–0.929]; vigorous-intensity PA: 21.4% vs. 16.8%, 0.715 [0.518–0.989]). They were less likely to spend a sufficient duration in brisk walking (25.9% vs. 16.5%, 0.635 [0.461–0.875]), light- and moderate-intensity PA (37.1% vs. 26.8%, 0.684 [0.521–0.899]), and vigorous-intensity PA (35.3% vs. 35.8%, 0.741 [0.568–0.968]). Compared with MT women, ET women were less likely to be engaged in strolling (30.5% vs. 22.2%, 0.629 [0.398–0.995]), and less likely to spend a sufficient duration in light- and moderate-intensity PA (27.3% vs. 15.3%, 0.561 [0.335–0.937]). Conclusions: ET was inversely associated with LTPA in men and partly in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Managing health services in developing countries: between the ethics of the civil servant and the need for moonlighting

Author

Macq, Jean, Ferrinho, Paulo, Debrouwere, Vincent, Van Lerberghe, Wim, and UCL - MD/ESP - Ecole de santé publique

Subjects
Ethics, Private, Human Resources, Civil Servant, Public, Developing Countries
Abstract

We report on income generation and work mix among 100 civil servants who manage public health services in developing countries. Corrected for purchasing power parity, the government pays the respondents a median salary of 3,800 US$PPP per annum. This salary puts these managers among the better-off in their countries. However, it definitely remains below what they could expect from alternative occupations as medical doctors in their own countries. An impressive 87% of the respondents complement their salaries with at least one of the following: working for NGOs or development agencies, private practice, or other income-generating activities. All in all moonlighting adds an extra 50 to 80% to their public sector salaries. There are three possible consequences: competition for time, outflow of resources from the public sector, and conflicts of interest. The problem of moonlighting needs to be addressed openly so as to protect public sector values while meeting both professional needs and user demands for quality.

Published
2002

5. Managing health services in developing countries: between the ethics of the civil servant and the need for moonlighting

Author

UCL - MD/ESP - Ecole de santé publique, Macq, Jean, Ferrinho, Paulo, Debrouwere, Vincent, Van Lerberghe, Wim, UCL - MD/ESP - Ecole de santé publique, Macq, Jean, Ferrinho, Paulo, Debrouwere, Vincent, and Van Lerberghe, Wim

Abstract

We report on income generation and work mix among 100 civil servants who manage public health services in developing countries. Corrected for purchasing power parity, the government pays the respondents a median salary of 3,800 US$PPP per annum. This salary puts these managers among the better-off in their countries. However, it definitely remains below what they could expect from alternative occupations as medical doctors in their own countries. An impressive 87% of the respondents complement their salaries with at least one of the following: working for NGOs or development agencies, private practice, or other income-generating activities. All in all moonlighting adds an extra 50 to 80% to their public sector salaries. There are three possible consequences: competition for time, outflow of resources from the public sector, and conflicts of interest. The problem of moonlighting needs to be addressed openly so as to protect public sector values while meeting both professional needs and user demands for quality.

Published
2002

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