31 results on '"Vives-Cases, Carmen"'
Search Results
2. “Thanks to my activists Friends”: a qualitative study of perspectives of young adults and professionals on the factors related to seeking support among victims of sexual violence in Spain
- Author
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Durán-Martín, Eva, Sanz-Barbero, Belén, Muñoz-Haba, Aitana, March, Sebastià, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Listening to stakeholders in the prevention of gender-based violence among young people in Spain: a qualitative study from the positivMasc project
- Author
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Marcos-Marcos, Jorge, Nardini, Krizia, Briones-Vozmediano, Erica, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
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- 2023
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4. Is sexual attraction and place of origin a moderator of sex in pornography consumption? Cross-sectional study on a representative sample of young adults
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Sanz-Barbero, Belén, Pérez-Martínez, Vanesa, Estévez-García, J. Francisco, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
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- 2023
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5. Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain
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Casanovas, Laura Vall-Llosera, Serra, Laura, Canals, Carme Saurina, Sanz-Barbero, Belén, Vives-Cases, Carmen, López, Maria José, Otero-García, Laura, Pérez, Gloria, and Renart-Vicens, Gemma
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- 2022
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6. Correction: Effect of the Lights4Violence intervention on the sexism of adolescents in European countries
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Sanz-Barbero, Belén, Ayala, Alba, Ieracitano, Francesca, Rodríguez-Blázquez, Carmen, Bowes, Nicola, De Claire, Karen, Mocanu, Veronica, Anton-Paduraru, Dana-Teodora, Sánchez-SanSegundo, Miriam, Albaladejo-Blázquez, Natalia, das Neves, Ana Sofa Antunes, da Silva Queirós, Ana Sofa, Jankowiak, Barbara, Waszyńska, Katarzyna, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
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- 2022
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7. Evaluation of the lights4violence program: reduction in machismo and acceptance of violence among adolescents in Europe
- Author
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Pérez-Martínez, Vanesa, Sanz-Barbero, Belén, Ferrer-Cascales, Rosario, Bowes, Nicola, Ayala, Alba, Sánchez-SanSegundo, Miriam, Albaladejo-Blázquez, Natalia, Rosati, Nicoletta, Neves, Sofia, Vieira, Cristina Pereira, Jankowiak, Barbara, Jaskulska, Sylwia, Waszyńska, Katarzyna, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
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- 2022
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8. Effect of the Lights4Violence intervention on the sexism of adolescents in European countries
- Author
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Sanz-Barbero, Belén, Ayala, Alba, Ieracitano, Francesca, Rodríguez-Blázquez, Carmen, Bowes, Nicola, De Claire, Karen, Mocanu, Veronica, Anton-Paduraru, Dana-Teodora, Sánchez-SanSegundo, Miriam, Albaladejo-Blázquez, Natalia, das Neves, Ana Sofia Antunes, da Silva Queirós, Ana Sofia, Jankowiak, Barbara, Waszyńska, Katarzyna, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Characterizing myths of sexual aggression in the young population in Spain.
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Sanz Barbero, Belén, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Vall-llosera Casanovas, Laura, Serra Saurina, Laura, Saurina Canals, María Carme, and Renart Vicens, Gemma
- Subjects
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SEXUAL aggression , *VIOLENCE against women , *MYTH , *BISEXUAL men , *GENDER role - Abstract
Background: Myths of sexual aggression have a negative influence in aggressive behavior against women, in the institutional approaches to sexual violence and in how women cope with it. The objective of this study is to describe acceptance of myths of sexual aggression in young women and men residing in Spain. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out online with 2,515 women (50.2%) and men (49.8%) ages 18–35 in Spain in 2020. Information on myths was collected using the Acceptance of Modern Myths About Sexual Aggression Scale (AMMSA). We described the myths most prevalent among women and men. The variables associated with myths were identified using multiple regression. The regression models were adjusted by sociodemographic and sexual orientation variables. Results: The average AMMSA values were higher among men [mean: 3.11; standard deviation (sd):1.23] than among women (mean 2.49 sd:1.11). In both sexes, the myths with greater acceptance showed the presence of patriarchal gender roles in sexual contacts. Men were more likely than women to accept myths that question allegations and severity of violence. Having a higher level of educational studies (β -0.350 sd: 0.046) was associated with lower average AMMSA values. Being born in Latin America (β 0.047 sd: 0.063) was associated with higher average AMMSA values. Among heterosexual men, AMMSA values were greater than among gay and bisexual men. Among women, there was no difference in average AMMSA values based on sexual orientation. Conclusions: Myths persist during youth that question and trivialize sexual violence against women. It is necessary to implement strategies that reduce these myths, particularly in heterosexual men, in those of foreign-born origin and among those with low levels of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Professionals’ perception of intimate partner violence in young people: a qualitative study in northern Spain
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Enfermería, Erizaintza, Maquibar Landa, Amaia, Vives Cases, Carmen, Hurtig, Anna Karin, Goicolea Julián, María Isabel, Enfermería, Erizaintza, Maquibar Landa, Amaia, Vives Cases, Carmen, Hurtig, Anna Karin, and Goicolea Julián, María Isabel
- Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem with devastating effects on young women's health. These negative effects increase when the exposure to IPV lasts for a long time and exposure at an early age increases the risk of adult IPV. Despite efforts made in the last few decades, data show little progress has been made towards its reduction. Thus, the aim of the study reported here is to explore professionals' perceptions regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) among young people, focusing on the characteristics of the phenomenon and their perceptions about existing programmes and campaigns aimed at addressing it. Methods: Twelve professionals from education, health and municipal social services were interviewed. All but one of the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed according to the methodology of inductive thematic analysis, with the support of Atlas. ti software. The transcripts were read several times and coded line by line. Afterwards, codes were grouped into themes. The developed themes were refined into two phases with the participation of all the authors. Results: From the analysis, the following three themes were identified: "A false sense of gender equity", "IPV among young people: subtle, daily and normalized", and "Mass media campaigns do not fit young people's needs". According to the participants, psychological abuse in the form of controlling behaviour by their partners is the most common type of IPV young women are exposed to, although exposure to other types of IPV was also acknowledged. This violence was described as something subtle, daily and normalized and, consequently, not something that is easy to recognize for the girls that are exposed to it, nor for adults working with young people. Conclusions: The study participants showed good knowledge of the characteristics IPV has among young people. This knowledge was reflected in locally implemented IPV prevention projects, which they c
- Published
- 2017
11. Professionals’ perception of intimate partner violence in young people: a qualitative study in northern Spain
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Maquibar Landa, Amaia, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Hurtig, Anna-Karin, Goicolea, Isabel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Maquibar Landa, Amaia, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Hurtig, Anna-Karin, and Goicolea, Isabel
- Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem with devastating effects on young women's health. These negative effects increase when the exposure to IPV lasts for a long time and exposure at an early age increases the risk of adult IPV. Despite efforts made in the last few decades, data show little progress has been made towards its reduction. Thus, the aim of the study reported here is to explore professionals' perceptions regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) among young people, focusing on the characteristics of the phenomenon and their perceptions about existing programmes and campaigns aimed at addressing it. Methods: Twelve professionals from education, health and municipal social services were interviewed. All but one of the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed according to the methodology of inductive thematic analysis, with the support of Atlas.ti software. The transcripts were read several times and coded line by line. Afterwards, codes were grouped into themes. The developed themes were refined into two phases with the participation of all the authors. Results: From the analysis, the following three themes were identified: "A false sense of gender equity", "IPV among young people: subtle, daily and normalized", and "Mass media campaigns do not fit young people's needs". According to the participants, psychological abuse in the form of controlling behaviour by their partners is the most common type of IPV young women are exposed to, although exposure to other types of IPV was also acknowledged. This violence was described as something subtle, daily and normalized and, consequently, not something that is easy to recognize for the girls that are exposed to it, nor for adults working with young people. Conclusions: The study participants showed good knowledge of the characteristics IPV has among young people. This knowledge was reflected in locally implemented IPV prevention projects, which they co
- Published
- 2017
12. “Is the doctor God to punish me?!” An intersectional examination of disrespectful and abusive care during childbirth against single mothers in Tunisia
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género, Amroussia, Nada, Hernández, Alison, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Goicolea, Isabel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género, Amroussia, Nada, Hernández, Alison, Vives-Cases, Carmen, and Goicolea, Isabel
- Abstract
Background: Disrespectful and abusive treatment during childbirth is a violation of women’s right to dignified, respectful healthcare throughout pregnancy and childbirth. Although reports point out that marginalized groups in society such as single mothers are particularly vulnerable to abusive and disrespectful care, there is a lack of in-depth research exploring single mothers’ encounters at the maternal healthcare facilities, especially in Tunisia. In Tunisia, single mothers are particularly vulnerable due to their social stigmatization and socio-economic marginalization. This study examines the self-perceptions and childbirth experiences of single mothers at the public healthcare facilities in Tunisia. Methods: This study follows a qualitative design. Eleven single mothers were interviewed in regard to their experiences with maternal healthcare services and their perceptions of the attitudes of the health workers towards them. The interviews also addressed the barriers faced by the participants in accessing adequate maternal healthcare services, and their self-perceptions as single mothers. The data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach guided by the feminist intersectional approach. Emergent codes were grouped into three final themes. Results: Three themes emerged during the data analysis: 1) Experiencing disrespect and abuse, 2) Perceptions of regret and shame attributed to being a single mother, and 3) The triad of vulnerability: stigma, social challenges, and health system challenges. The study highlights that the childbirth experiences of single mothers are shaped by intersectional factors that go beyond the health system. Gender plays a major role in constructing these experiences while intersecting with other social structures. The participants had experienced disrespectful and discriminatory practices and even violence when they sought maternal healthcare services at the public healthcare facilities in Tunisia. Those experiences reflect not
- Published
- 2017
13. Priorities and strategies for improving Roma women’s access to primary health care services in cases on intimate partner violence: a concept mapping study
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Sociología II, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Goicolea, Isabel, Hernández, Alison, Sanz-Barbero, Belen, Davó-Blanes, M. Carmen, La Parra-Casado, Daniel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Sociología II, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Estudios de Género, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Goicolea, Isabel, Hernández, Alison, Sanz-Barbero, Belen, Davó-Blanes, M. Carmen, and La Parra-Casado, Daniel
- Abstract
Background: With an explicit focus on Roma women in Spain (Kale/Spanish Gypsies), this study aims to integrate key informants’ opinions about the main actions needed to improve primary health care services’ and professionals’ responses to Roma women in an Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) situation. Methods: Concept mapping study. A total of 50 (brainstorming phase), 36 (sorting and rating phase) and 16 (interpretation phase) participants from Roma civil society groups, primary health care professionals and other related stakeholders (social services, academic experts and other IPV NGOs representatives) from different cities in Spain were involved in the different study phases. Results: Among the 55 action proposals generated, ten priority actions were identified through consensus as most important for improving primary health care’s response to Romani women in an IPV situation, and these included primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities. Conclusion: Results indicated that efforts to address this challenge should take an integrated approach that reinforces the primary health care response to IPV in general, while also promoting more specific actions to address barriers to access that affect all Roma women and those who experience IPV in particular.
- Published
- 2017
14. No effect of unemployment on intimate partner-related femicide during the financial crisis: a longitudinal ecological study in Spain
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Torrubiano-Domínguez, Jordi, Vives-Cases, Carmen, San Sebastián, Miguel, Sanz, Belén, Goicolea, Isabel, Álvarez-Dardet, Carlos, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Torrubiano-Domínguez, Jordi, Vives-Cases, Carmen, San Sebastián, Miguel, Sanz, Belén, Goicolea, Isabel, and Álvarez-Dardet, Carlos
- Abstract
Background: Spain’s financial crisis has been characterized by an increase in unemployment. This increase could have produced an increase in deaths of women due to intimate partner-related femicides (IPF). This study aims to determine whether the increase in unemployment among both sexes in different regions in Spain is related to an increase in the rates of IPF during the current financial crisis period. Methods: An ecological longitudinal study was carried out in Spain’s 17 regions. Two study periods were defined: pre-crisis period (2005–2007) and crisis period (2008–2013). IPF rates adjusted by age and unemployment rates for men and women were calculated. We fitted multilevel linear regression models in which observations at level 1 were nested within regions according to a repeated measurements design. Results: Rates of unemployment have progressively increased in Spain, rising above 20 % from 2008 to 2013 in some regions. IPF rates decreased in some regions during crisis period with respect to pre-crisis period. The multilevel analysis does not support the existence of a significant relationship between the increase in unemployment in men and women and the decrease in IPF since 2008. Discussion: The increase in unemployment in men and women in Spain does not appear to have an effect on IPF. The results of the multilevel analysis discard the hypothesis that the increase in the rates of unemployment in women and men are related to an increase in IPF rates. Conclusions: The decline in IPF since 2008 might be interpreted as the result of exposure to other factors such as the lower frequency of divorces in recent years or the medium term effects of the integral protection measures of the law on gender violence that began in 2005.
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- 2015
15. Developing a programme theory to explain how primary health care teams learn to respond to intimate partner violence: a realist case-study
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Goicolea, Isabel, Hurtig, Anna-Karin, San Sebastián, Miguel, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Marchal, Bruno, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Goicolea, Isabel, Hurtig, Anna-Karin, San Sebastián, Miguel, Vives-Cases, Carmen, and Marchal, Bruno
- Abstract
Background: Despite the progress made on policies and programmes to strengthen primary health care teams’ response to Intimate Partner Violence, the literature shows that encounters between women exposed to IPV and health-care providers are not always satisfactory, and a number of barriers that prevent individual health-care providers from responding to IPV have been identified. We carried out a realist case study, for which we developed and tested a programme theory that seeks to explain how, why and under which circumstances a primary health care team in Spain learned to respond to IPV. Methods: A realist case study design was chosen to allow for an in-depth exploration of the linkages between context, intervention, mechanisms and outcomes as they happen in their natural setting. The first author collected data at the primary health care center La Virgen (pseudonym) through the review of documents, observation and interviews with health systems’ managers, team members, women patients, and members of external services. The quality of the IPV case management was assessed with the PREMIS tool. Results: This study found that the health care team at La Virgen has managed 1) to engage a number of staff members in actively responding to IPV, 2) to establish good coordination, mutual support and continuous learning processes related to IPV, 3) to establish adequate internal referrals within La Virgen, and 4) to establish good coordination and referral systems with other services. Team and individual level factors have triggered the capacity and interest in creating spaces for team leaning, team work and therapeutic responses to IPV in La Virgen, although individual motivation strongly affected this mechanism. Regional interventions did not trigger individual and/ or team responses but legitimated the workings of motivated professionals. Conclusions: The primary health care team of La Virgen is involved in a continuous learning process, even as participation in the process
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- 2015
16. Economic crisis, immigrant women and changing availability of intimate partner violence services: a qualitative study of professionals' perceptions in Spain
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Briones Vozmediano, Erica, Agudelo Suárez, Andrés A., Goicolea, Isabel, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Briones Vozmediano, Erica, Agudelo Suárez, Andrés A., Goicolea, Isabel, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
- Abstract
Introduction: Since 2008, Spain has been in the throes of an economic crisis. This recession particularly affects the living conditions of vulnerable populations, and has also led to a reversal in social policies and a reduction in resources. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore intimate partner violence (IPV) service providers’ perceptions of the impact of the current economic crisis on these resources in Spain and on their capacity to respond to immigrant women’s needs experiencing IPV. Methods: A qualitative study was performed based on 43 semi-structured in-depth interviews to social workers, psychologists, intercultural mediators, judges, lawyers, police officers and health professionals from different services dealing with IPV (both, public and NGO’s) and cities in Spain (Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Alicante) in 2011. Transcripts were imported into qualitative analysis software (Atlas.ti), and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: We identified four categories related to the perceived impact of the current economic crisis: a) “Immigrant women have it harder now”, b) “IPV and immigration resources are the first in line for cuts”, c) “ Fewer staff means a less effective service” and d) “Equality and IPV policies are no longer a government priority”. A cross-cutting theme emerged from these categories: immigrant women are triply affected; by IPV, by the crisis, and by structural violence. Conclusion: The professionals interviewed felt that present resources in Spain are insufficient to meet the needs of immigrant women, and that the situation might worsen in the future., Introducción: Desde 2008, España está atravesando una fuerte recesión económica con consecuencias negativas en las condiciones de vida de los grupos vulnerables de población, las políticas sociales y los recursos. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es explorar la percepción de los profesionales de servicios de atención a la violencia del compañero íntimo (VCI) en España sobre el impacto de la actual crisis económica en estos recursos y su capacidad de respuesta a las necesidades de las mujeres inmigrantes que se encuentren en esta situación. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo basado en 43 entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas con profesionales de trabajo social, psicología, mediación intercultural, justicia, abogacía, policía y salud trabajando en diferentes servicios de atención a la VCI (tanto públicos como ONG’s) en diferentes ciudades en España (Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Alicante) en 2011. Las transcripciones se importaron al software de análisis cualitativo (Atlas.ti) y se realizó un análisis de contenido cualitativo. Resultados: Se identificaron 4 categorías relacionadas con el impacto percibido de la actual crisis económica: a) “Las mujeres inmigrantes lo tienen ahora más difícil”; b) “Los recursos de VCI e inmigración en el punto de mira de los recortes”, c) “Reducción del personal y aumento de las listas de espera” and d) “Las políticas de igualdad y VCI ya no son una prioridad gubernamental”. Emergió un tema transversal a estas categorías: las mujeres inmigrantes se ven tríplemente afectadas por la crisis, la violencia estructural y la VCI. Conclusión: Los profesionales entrevistados perciben que la disponibilidad de recursos en España es insuficiente para satisfacer las necesidades de las mujeres inmigrantes, y que esta situación puede empeorar en el futuro.
- Published
- 2014
17. Professionals' perception of intimate partner violence in young people: a qualitative study in northern Spain.
- Author
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Maquibar, Amaia, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Hurtig, Anna-Karin, and Goicolea, Isabel
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL personnel , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *INTERVIEWING , *RESEARCH funding , *QUALITATIVE research , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *THEMATIC analysis , *INTIMATE partner violence - Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem with devastating effects on young women's health. These negative effects increase when the exposure to IPV lasts for a long time and exposure at an early age increases the risk of adult IPV. Despite efforts made in the last few decades, data show little progress has been made towards its reduction. Thus, the aim of the study reported here is to explore professionals' perceptions regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) among young people, focusing on the characteristics of the phenomenon and their perceptions about existing programmes and campaigns aimed at addressing it. Methods: Twelve professionals from education, health and municipal social services were interviewed. All but one of the interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed according to the methodology of inductive thematic analysis, with the support of Atlas.ti software. The transcripts were read several times and coded line by line. Afterwards, codes were grouped into themes. The developed themes were refined into two phases with the participation of all the authors. Results: From the analysis, the following three themes were identified: "A false sense of gender equity", "IPV among young people: subtle, daily and normalized", and "Mass media campaigns do not fit young people's needs". According to the participants, psychological abuse in the form of controlling behaviour by their partners is the most common type of IPV young women are exposed to, although exposure to other types of IPV was also acknowledged. This violence was described as something subtle, daily and normalized and, consequently, not something that is easy to recognize for the girls that are exposed to it, nor for adults working with young people. Conclusions: The study participants showed good knowledge of the characteristics IPV has among young people. This knowledge was reflected in locally implemented IPV prevention projects, which they considered successful in addressing young people's needs. However, these interventions lacked formal evaluation, political support and continuation. The study participants did not believe that nationwide mass media campaigns realistically reflected the specific characteristics of IPV among young people. Thus, participants perceived these campaigns to be ineffective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Priorities and strategies for improving Roma women's access to primary health care services in cases on intimate partner violence: a concept mapping study.
- Author
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Vives-Cases, Carmen, Goicolea, Isabel, Hernández, Alison, Sanz-Barbero, Belen, Davó-Blanes, Mcarmen, and Parra-Casado, Daniel La
- Subjects
- *
ROMANIES , *ABUSED women , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *BRAINSTORMING , *HEALTH services accessibility , *MEDICAL personnel , *PRIMARY health care , *CONCEPT mapping , *INTIMATE partner violence - Abstract
Background: With an explicit focus on Roma women in Spain (Kale/Spanish Gypsies), this study aims to integrate key informants' opinions about the main actions needed to improve primary health care services' and professionals' responses to Roma women in an Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) situation. Methods: Concept mapping study. A total of 50 (brainstorming phase), 36 (sorting and rating phase) and 16 (interpretation phase) participants from Roma civil society groups, primary health care professionals and other related stakeholders (social services, academic experts and other IPV NGOs representatives) from different cities in Spain were involved in the different study phases. Results: Among the 55 action proposals generated, ten priority actions were identified through consensus as most important for improving primary health care's response to Romani women in an IPV situation, and these included primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities. Conclusion: Results indicated that efforts to address this challenge should take an integrated approach that reinforces the primary health care response to IPV in general, while also promoting more specific actions to address barriers to access that affect all Roma women and those who experience IPV in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. "Is the doctor God to punish me?!" An intersectional examination of disrespectful and abusive care during childbirth against single mothers in Tunisia.
- Author
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Amroussia, Nada, Hernandez, Alison, Vives-Cases, Carmen, and Goicolea, Isabel
- Subjects
CHILDBIRTH & psychology ,DELIVERY (Obstetrics) ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,FEMINISM ,INTERVIEWING ,MATERNAL health services ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL personnel ,PATIENT abuse ,RESPECT ,SELF-perception ,SHAME ,SINGLE parents ,SOCIAL stigma ,VIOLENCE ,WOMEN'S rights ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,THEMATIC analysis ,PHYSICIANS' attitudes - Abstract
Background: Disrespectful and abusive treatment during childbirth is a violation of women's right to dignified, respectful healthcare throughout pregnancy and childbirth. Although reports point out that marginalized groups in society such as single mothers are particularly vulnerable to abusive and disrespectful care, there is a lack of in-depth research exploring single mothers' encounters at the maternal healthcare facilities, especially in Tunisia. In Tunisia, single mothers are particularly vulnerable due to their social stigmatization and socio-economic marginalization. This study examines the self-perceptions and childbirth experiences of single mothers at the public healthcare facilities in Tunisia. Methods: This study follows a qualitative design. Eleven single mothers were interviewed in regard to their experiences with maternal healthcare services and their perceptions of the attitudes of the health workers towards them. The interviews also addressed the barriers faced by the participants in accessing adequate maternal healthcare services, and their self-perceptions as single mothers. The data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach guided by the feminist intersectional approach. Emergent codes were grouped into three final themes. Results: Three themes emerged during the data analysis: 1) Experiencing disrespect and abuse, 2) Perceptions of regret and shame attributed to being a single mother, and 3) The triad of vulnerability: stigma, social challenges, and health system challenges. The study highlights that the childbirth experiences of single mothers are shaped by intersectional factors that go beyond the health system. Gender plays a major role in constructing these experiences while intersecting with other social structures. The participants had experienced disrespectful and discriminatory practices and even violence when they sought maternal healthcare services at the public healthcare facilities in Tunisia. Those experiences reflect not only the poor quality of maternal health services but also how health system practices translate the stigma culturally associated with single motherhood in this setting. Social stigma did not only affect how single mothers were treated during the childbirth, but also how they perceived themselves and how they perceived their care. Conclusion: Ensuring women's right to dignified, respectful healthcare during childbirth requires tackling the underlying causes of social inequalities leading to women's marginalization and discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Mapping and exploring health systems' response to intimate partner violence in Spain
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Goicolea, Isabel, Briones Vozmediano, Erica, Öhman, Ann, Edin, Kerstin, Minvielle, Fauhn, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Goicolea, Isabel, Briones Vozmediano, Erica, Öhman, Ann, Edin, Kerstin, Minvielle, Fauhn, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
- Abstract
Background: For a comprehensive health sector response to intimate partner violence (IPV), interventions should target individual and health facility levels, along with the broader health systems level which includes issues of governance, financing, planning, service delivery, monitoring and evaluation, and demand generation. This study aims to map and explore the integration of IPV response in the Spanish national health system. Methods: Information was collected on five key areas based on WHO recommendations: policy environment, protocols, training, monitoring and prevention. A systematic review of public documents was conducted to assess 39 indicators in each of Spain’s 17 regional health systems. In addition, we performed qualitative content analysis of 26 individual interviews with key informants responsible for coordinating the health sector response to IPV in Spain. Results: In 88% of the 17 autonomous regions, the laws concerning IPV included the health sector response, but the integration of IPV in regional health plans was just 41%. Despite the existence of a supportive national structure, responding to IPV still relies strongly on the will of health professionals. All seventeen regions had published comprehensive protocols to guide the health sector response to IPV, but participants recognized that responding to IPV was more complex than merely following the steps of a protocol. Published training plans existed in 43% of the regional health systems, but none had institutionalized IPV training in medical and nursing schools. Only 12% of regional health systems collected information on the quality of the IPV response, and there are many limitations to collecting information on IPV within health services, for example underreporting, fears about confidentiality, and underuse of data for monitoring purposes. Finally, preventive activities that were considered essential were not institutionalized anywhere. Conclusions: Within the Spanish health system, differen
- Published
- 2013
21. How do primary health care teams learn to integrate intimate partner violence (IPV) management? A realist evaluation protocol
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Goicolea, Isabel, Vives-Cases, Carmen, San Sebastián, Miguel, Marchal, Bruno, Kegels, Guy, Hurtig, Anna-Karin, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Goicolea, Isabel, Vives-Cases, Carmen, San Sebastián, Miguel, Marchal, Bruno, Kegels, Guy, and Hurtig, Anna-Karin
- Abstract
Background: Despite the existence of ample literature dealing, on the one hand, with the integration of innovations within health systems and team learning, and, on the other hand, with different aspects of the detection and management of intimate partner violence (IPV) within healthcare facilities, research that explores how health innovations that go beyond biomedical issues—such as IPV management—get integrated into health systems, and that focuses on healthcare teams’ learning processes is, to the best of our knowledge, very scarce if not absent. This realist evaluation protocol aims to ascertain: why, how, and under what circumstances primary healthcare teams engage (if at all) in a learning process to integrate IPV management in their practices; and why, how, and under what circumstances team learning processes lead to the development of organizational culture and values regarding IPV management, and the delivery of IPV management services. Methods: This study will be conducted in Spain using a multiple-case study design. Data will be collected from selected cases (primary healthcare teams) through different methods: individual and group interviews, routinely collected statistical data, documentary review, and observation. Cases will be purposively selected in order to enable testing the initial middle-range theory (MRT). After in-depth exploration of a limited number of cases, additional cases will be chosen for their ability to contribute to refining the emerging MRT to explain how primary healthcare learn to integrate intimate partner violence management. Discussion: Evaluations of health sector responses to IPV are scarce, and even fewer focus on why, how, and when the healthcare services integrate IPV management. There is a consensus that healthcare professionals and healthcare teams play a key role in this integration, and that training is important in order to realize changes. However, little is known about team learning of IPV management, both in terms
- Published
- 2013
22. A metasynthesis of qualitative studies regarding opinions and perceptions about barriers and determinants of health services’ accessibility in economic migrants
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Agudelo Suárez, Andrés A., Gil-González, Diana, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Love, John G., Wimpenny, Peter, Ronda-Pérez, Elena, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Agudelo Suárez, Andrés A., Gil-González, Diana, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Love, John G., Wimpenny, Peter, and Ronda-Pérez, Elena
- Abstract
Background: Access to health services is an important health determinant. New research in health equity is required, especially amongst economic migrants from developing countries. Studies conducted on the use of health services by migrant populations highlight existing gaps in understanding which factors affect access to these services from a qualitative perspective. We aim to describe the views of the migrants regarding barriers and determinants of access to health services in the international literature (1997–2011). Methods: A systematic review was conducted for Qualitative research papers (English/Spanish) published in 13 electronic databases. A selection of articles that accomplished the inclusion criteria and a quality evaluation of the studies were carried out. The findings of the selected studies were synthesised by means of metasynthesis using different analysis categories according to Andersen’s conceptual framework of access and use of health services and by incorporating other emergent categories. Results: We located 3,025 titles, 36 studies achieved the inclusion criteria. After quality evaluation, 28 articles were definitively synthesised. 12 studies (46.2%) were carried out in the U.S and 11 studies (42.3%) dealt with primary care services. The participating population varied depending mainly on type of host country. Barriers were described, such as the lack of communication between health services providers and migrants, due to idiomatic difficulties and cultural differences. Other barriers were linked to the economic system, the health service characteristics and the legislation in each country. This situation has consequences for the lack of health control by migrants and their social vulnerability. Conclusions: Economic migrants faced individual and structural barriers to the health services in host countries, especially those with undocumented situation and those experimented idiomatic difficulties. Strategies to improve the structures of health
- Published
- 2012
23. Developing a programme theory to explain how primary health care teams learn to respond to intimate partner violence: a realist case-study.
- Author
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Goicolea, Isabel, Hurtig, Anna-Karin, Sebastian, Miguel San, Vives-Cases, Carmen, and Marchal, Bruno
- Subjects
PRIMARY health care ,INTIMATE partner violence ,HEALTH care teams ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
Background: Despite the progress made on policies and programmes to strengthen primary health care teams' response to Intimate Partner Violence, the literature shows that encounters between women exposed to IPV and health-care providers are not always satisfactory, and a number of barriers that prevent individual health-care providers from responding to IPV have been identified. We carried out a realist case study, for which we developed and tested a programme theory that seeks to explain how, why and under which circumstances a primary health care team in Spain learned to respond to IPV. Methods: A realist case study design was chosen to allow for an in-depth exploration of the linkages between context, intervention, mechanisms and outcomes as they happen in their natural setting. The first author collected data at the primary health care center La Virgen (pseudonym) through the review of documents, observation and interviews with health systems' managers, team members, women patients, and members of external services. The quality of the IPV case management was assessed with the PREMIS tool. Results: This study found that the health care team at La Virgen has managed 1) to engage a number of staff members in actively responding to IPV, 2) to establish good coordination, mutual support and continuous learning processes related to IPV, 3) to establish adequate internal referrals within La Virgen, and 4) to establish good coordination and referral systems with other services. Team and individual level factors have triggered the capacity and interest in creating spaces for team leaning, team work and therapeutic responses to IPV in La Virgen, although individual motivation strongly affected this mechanism. Regional interventions did not trigger individual and/ or team responses but legitimated the workings of motivated professionals. Conclusions: The primary health care team of La Virgen is involved in a continuous learning process, even as participation in the process varies between professionals. This process has been supported, but not caused, by a favourable policy for integration of a health care response to IPV. Specific contextual factors of La Virgen facilitated the uptake of the policy. To some extent, the performance of La Virgen has the potential to shape the IPV learning processes of other primary health care teams in Murcia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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24. Economic crisis, immigrant women and intimate partner violence services: a qualitative study of professionals' perceptions in Spain.
- Author
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Briones-Vozmediano, Erica, Agudelo-Suarez, Andres, Goicolea, Isabel, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,COST control ,HEALTH care rationing ,HEALTH services accessibility ,INTERVIEWING ,LABOR demand ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL personnel ,STATISTICAL sampling ,WOMEN ,QUALITATIVE research ,GOVERNMENT policy ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,COMMUNITY-based social services ,THEMATIC analysis ,INTIMATE partner violence - Abstract
Copyright of International Journal for Equity in Health is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
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- View/download PDF
25. How do primary health care teams learn to integrate intimate partner violence (IPV) management? A realist evaluation protocol.
- Author
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Goicolea, Isabel, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Sebastian, Miguel San, Marchal, Bruno, Kegels, Guy, and Hurtig, Anna-Karin
- Subjects
- *
INTIMATE partner violence , *PRIMARY care , *CORPORATE culture , *MIDDLE range theories , *SOCIAL theory - Abstract
Background: Despite the existence of ample literature dealing, on the one hand, with the integration of innovations within health systems and team learning, and, on the other hand, with different aspects of the detection and management of intimate partner violence (IPV) within healthcare facilities, research that explores how health innovations that go beyond biomedical issues--such as IPV management--get integrated into health systems, and that focuses on healthcare teams' learning processes is, to the best of our knowledge, very scarce if not absent. This realist evaluation protocol aims to ascertain: why, how, and under what circumstances primary healthcare teams engage (if at all) in a learning process to integrate IPV management in their practices; and why, how, and under what circumstances team learning processes lead to the development of organizational culture and values regarding IPV management, and the delivery of IPV management services. Methods: This study will be conducted in Spain using a multiple-case study design. Data will be collected from selected cases (primary healthcare teams) through different methods: individual and group interviews, routinely collected statistical data, documentary review, and observation. Cases will be purposively selected in order to enable testing the initial middle-range theory (MRT). After in-depth exploration of a limited number of cases, additional cases will be chosen for their ability to contribute to refining the emerging MRT to explain how primary healthcare learn to integrate intimate partner violence management. Discussion: Evaluations of health sector responses to IPV are scarce, and even fewer focus on why, how, and when the healthcare services integrate IPV management. There is a consensus that healthcare professionals and healthcare teams play a key role in this integration, and that training is important in order to realize changes. However, little is known about team learning of IPV management, both in terms of how to trigger such learning and how team learning is connected with changes in organizational culture and values, and in service delivery. This realist evaluation protocol aims to contribute to this knowledge by conducting this project in a country, Spain, where great endeavours have been made towards the integration of IPV management within the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Mapping and exploring health systems' response to intimate partner violence in Spain.
- Author
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Goicolea, Isabel, Briones-Vozmediano, Erica, hman, Ann, Edin, Kerstin, Minvielle, Fauhn, and Vives-Cases, Carmen
- Subjects
INTIMATE partner violence ,HEALTH care reform ,MEDICAL protocols ,HEALTH planning - Abstract
Background For a comprehensive health sector response to intimate partner violence (IPV), interventions should target individual and health facility levels, along with the broader health systems level which includes issues of governance, financing, planning, service delivery, monitoring and evaluation, and demand generation. This study aims to map and explore the integration of IPV response in the Spanish national health system. Methods Information was collected on five key areas based on WHO recommendations: policy environment, protocols, training, monitoring and prevention. A systematic review of public documents was conducted to assess 39 indicators in each of Spain's 17 regional health systems. In addition, we performed qualitative content analysis of 26 individual interviews with key informants responsible for coordinating the health sector response to IPV in Spain. Results In 88% of the 17 autonomous regions, the laws concerning IPV included the health sector response, but the integration of IPV in regional health plans was just 41%. Despite the existence of a supportive national structure, responding to IPV still relies strongly on the will of health professionals. All seventeen regions had published comprehensive protocols to guide the health sector response to IPV, but participants recognized that responding to IPV was more complex than merely following the steps of a protocol. Published training plans existed in 43% of the regional health systems, but none had institutionalized IPV training in medical and nursing schools. Only 12% of regional health systems collected information on the quality of the IPV response, and there are many limitations to collecting information on IPV within health services, for example underreporting, fears about confidentiality, and underuse of data for monitoring purposes. Finally, preventive activities that were considered essential were not institutionalized anywhere. Conclusions Within the Spanish health system, differences exist in terms of achievements both between regions and between the areas assessed. Progress towards integration of IPV has been notable at the level of policy, less outstanding regarding health service delivery, and very limited in terms of preventive actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A metasynthesis of qualitative studies regarding opinions and perceptions about barriers and determinants of health services' accessibility in economic migrants.
- Author
-
Agudelo-Suárez, Andrés A., Gil-González, Diana, Vives-Cases, Carmen, Love, John G., Wimpenny, Peter, and Ronda-Pérez, Elena
- Subjects
MEDICAL care ,GROUP medical practice ,HEALTH care reform ,HEALTH insurance ,PUBLIC welfare - Abstract
Background: Access to health services is an important health determinant. New research in health equity is required, especially amongst economic migrants from developing countries. Studies conducted on the use of health services by migrant populations highlight existing gaps in understanding which factors affect access to these services from a qualitative perspective. We aim to describe the views of the migrants regarding barriers and determinants of access to health services in the international literature (1997-2011). Methods: A systematic review was conducted for Qualitative research papers (English/Spanish) published in 13 electronic databases. A selection of articles that accomplished the inclusion criteria and a quality evaluation of the studies were carried out. The findings of the selected studies were synthesised by means of metasynthesis using different analysis categories according to Andersen's conceptual framework of access and use of health services and by incorporating other emergent categories. Results: We located 3,025 titles, 36 studies achieved the inclusion criteria. After quality evaluation, 28 articles were definitively synthesised. 12 studies (46.2%) were carried out in the U.S and 11 studies (42.3%) dealt with primary care services. The participating population varied depending mainly on type of host country. Barriers were described, such as the lack of communication between health services providers and migrants, due to idiomatic difficulties and cultural differences. Other barriers were linked to the economic system, the health service characteristics and the legislation in each country. This situation has consequences for the lack of health control by migrants and their social vulnerability. Conclusions: Economic migrants faced individual and structural barriers to the health services in host countries, especially those with undocumented situation and those experimented idiomatic difficulties. Strategies to improve the structures of health systems and social policies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Sickness presenteeism in Spanish-born and immigrant workers in Spain.
- Author
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Agudelo-Suárez, Andrés A., Benavides, Fernando G, Felt, Emily, Ronda-Pérez, Elena, Vives-Cases, Carmen, and García, Ana M.
- Subjects
DISEASES ,HEALTH status indicators ,IMMIGRANTS ,SOCIAL security ,EMPLOYEE health promotion - Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that immigrant workers face relatively worse working and employment conditions, as well as lower rates of sickness absence than native-born workers. This study aims to assess rates of sickness presenteeism in a sample of Spanish-born and foreign-born workers according to different characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst a convenience sample of workers (Spanish-born and foreign-born), living in four Spanish cities: Barcelona, Huelva, Madrid and Valencia (2008-2009). Sickness presenteeism information was collected through two items in the questionnaire ("Have you had health problems in the last year?" and "Have you ever had to miss work for any health problem?") and was defined as worker who had a health problem (answered yes, first item) and had not missed work (answered no, second item). For the analysis, the sample of 2,059 workers (1,617 foreign-born) who answered yes to health problems was included. After descriptives, logistic regressions were used to establish the association between origin country and sickness presenteeism (adjusted odds ratios aOR; 95% confidence interval 95%CI). Analyses were stratified per time spent in Spain among foreign-born workers. Results: All of the results refer to the comparison between foreign-born and Spanish-born workers as a whole, and in some categories relating to personal and occupational conditions. Foreign-born workers were more likely to report sickness presenteeism compared with their Spanish-born counterparts, especially those living in Spain for under 2 years [Prevalence: 42% in Spanish-born and 56.3% in Foreign-born; aOR 1.77 95%CI 1.24-2.53]. In case of foreign-born workers (with time in Spain < 2 years), men [aOR 2.31 95%CI 1.40-3.80], those with university studies [aOR 3.01 95%CI 1.04-8.69], temporary contracts [aOR 2.26 95%CI 1.29-3.98] and salaries between 751-1,200€ per month [aOR 1.74 95% CI 1.04-2.92] were more likely to report sickness presenteeism. Also, recent immigrants with good self-perceived health and good mental health were more likely to report presenteeism than Spanish-born workers with the same good health indicators. Conclusions: Immigrant workers report more sickness presenteeism than their Spanish-born counterparts. These results could be related to precarious work and employment conditions of immigrants. Immigrant workers should benefit from the same standards of social security, and of health and safety in the workplace that are enjoyed by Spanish workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Pornography, sexual orientation and ambivalent sexism in young adults in Spain.
- Author
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Sanz-Barbero B, Estévez-García JF, Madrona-Bonastre R, Vicens GR, Serra L, and Vives-Cases C
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Young Adult, Adolescent, Adult, Spain, Sexual Behavior, Heterosexuality, Sexism, Erotica
- Abstract
Background: On line platforms offer access to an almost unlimited variety of pornographic material that shows high levels of sexism. Despite this fact, there are still few studies that assess the effect of pornography on sexism in young adults The aim of this study is to analyze the association of pornography consumption and sexual orientation with benevolent sexism (BS) and hostile sexism (HS) in young men and women., Methods: We surveyed 2,346 people aged 18-35 years old. Multiple regression models were carried out for BS and HS. The independent variables: current pornography consumption and sexual orientation. Covariates: socio-demographic variables -age, sex, level of education and place of birth-., Results: A) HS: Men who consumed pornography had higher median values of HS than those who did not [β(95%CI):2.39(0.67;4.10)]. Homosexual/ bisexual men displayed lower values of HS than heterosexual men [β(95%CI):-2.98(-4.52;-1.45)]. The increase in HS levels associated with pornography consumption was notably greater in homosexual and bisexual women relative to heterosexual women, where that pattern was not observed [β(95%CI for interaction): 2.27(0.11; 4.43)]. B) BS: Mean values of BS were observed to be lower for both women [β(95%CI):-2.16(-2.99;-1.32)] and men [β(95%CI):-4.30(-5.75;-2.86)] who consumed pornography compared to those who did not. Homosexual/bisexual men recorded mean values of BS lower than heterosexual men [β(95%CI):-3.10(-4.21;-1.99)]., Conclusions: Pornography consumption is related to sexism and differs according to sex and sexual orientation. As sexism is the substratum of inequality between men and women, it is urgent to launch affective-sexual education programs for young people that take into account the determinants of sexism., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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30. Economic crisis, immigrant women and changing availability of intimate partner violence services: a qualitative study of professionals' perceptions in Spain.
- Author
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Briones-Vozmediano E, Agudelo-Suarez AA, Goicolea I, and Vives-Cases C
- Subjects
- Adult, Economic Recession, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Public Policy, Qualitative Research, Spain, Vulnerable Populations, Attitude of Health Personnel, Emigrants and Immigrants, Health Services Needs and Demand economics, Spouse Abuse
- Abstract
Introduction: Since 2008, Spain has been in the throes of an economic crisis. This recession particularly affects the living conditions of vulnerable populations, and has also led to a reversal in social policies and a reduction in resources. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore intimate partner violence (IPV) service providers' perceptions of the impact of the current economic crisis on these resources in Spain and on their capacity to respond to immigrant women's needs experiencing IPV., Methods: A qualitative study was performed based on 43 semi-structured in-depth interviews to social workers, psychologists, intercultural mediators, judges, lawyers, police officers and health professionals from different services dealing with IPV (both, public and NGO's) and cities in Spain (Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Alicante) in 2011. Transcripts were imported into qualitative analysis software (Atlas.ti), and analysed using qualitative content analysis., Results: We identified four categories related to the perceived impact of the current economic crisis: a) "Immigrant women have it harder now", b) "IPV and immigration resources are the first in line for cuts", c) " Fewer staff means a less effective service" and d) "Equality and IPV policies are no longer a government priority". A cross-cutting theme emerged from these categories: immigrant women are triply affected; by IPV, by the crisis, and by structural violence., Conclusion: The professionals interviewed felt that present resources in Spain are insufficient to meet the needs of immigrant women, and that the situation might worsen in the future.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The effect of perceived discrimination on the health of immigrant workers in Spain.
- Author
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Agudelo-Suárez AA, Ronda-Pérez E, Gil-González D, Vives-Cases C, García AM, Ruiz-Frutos C, Felt E, and Benavides FG
- Subjects
- Adult, Colombia ethnology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Ecuador ethnology, Emigrants and Immigrants statistics & numerical data, Employment, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Morocco ethnology, Romania ethnology, Spain, Young Adult, Emigrants and Immigrants psychology, Health Status Disparities, Prejudice, Social Perception
- Abstract
Background: Discrimination is an important determinant of health inequalities, and immigrants may be more vulnerable to certain types of discrimination than the native-born. This study analyses the relationship between immigrants' perceived discrimination and various self-reported health indicators., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted (2008) amongst a non-random sample of 2434 immigrants from Ecuador, Morocco, Romania and Colombia in four Spanish cities: Barcelona, Huelva, Madrid and Valencia. A factorial analysis of variables revealed three dimensions of perceived discrimination (due to immigrant status, due to physical appearance, and workplace-related). The association of these dimensions with self-rated health, mental health (GHQ-12), change in self-rated health between origin and host country, and other self-reported health outcomes was analysed. Logistic regression was used adjusting for potential confounders (aOR-95%CI). Subjects with worsening self-reported health status potentially attributable to perceived discrimination was estimated (population attributable proportion, PAP %)., Results: 73.3% of men and 69.3% of women immigrants reported discrimination due to immigrant status. Moroccans showed the highest prevalence of perceived discrimination. Immigrants reporting discrimination were at significantly higher risk of reporting health problems than those not reporting discrimination. Workplace-related discrimination was associated with poor mental health (aOR 2.97 95%CI 2.45-3.60), and the worsening of self-rated health (aOR 2.20 95%CI 1.73- 2.80). 40% (95% CI 24-53) PAP of those reporting worse self-rated health could be attributable to discrimination due to immigrant status., Conclusions: Discrimination may constitute a risk factor for health in immigrant workers in Spain and could explain some health inequalities among immigrant populations in Spanish society.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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