1. Glycemic load, glycemic index, bread and incidence of overweight/obesity in a mediterranean cohort: the SUN project
- Author
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Silvia Benito-Corchon, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz, Carmen de la Fuente-Arrillaga, Itziar Zazpe, and Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Overweight ,Weight Gain ,Food-frequency questionnaire ,Cohort Studies ,Glycemic load ,Glycemic index ,SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) project ,Medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Obesity ,Prospective Studies ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Weight change ,Body Weight ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,food and beverages ,Feeding Behavior ,Bread ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Spain ,Cohort ,Multivariate Analysis ,Linear Models ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Edible Grain ,Body mass index ,Weight gain ,Demography ,Research Article - Abstract
Background To evaluate prospectively the relationship between white, or whole grain bread, and glycemic index, or glycemic load from diet and weight change in a Mediterranean cohort. Methods We followed-up 9 267 Spanish university graduates for a mean period of 5 years. Dietary habits at baseline were assessed using a semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Average yearly weight change was evaluated according to quintiles of baseline glycemic index, glycemic load, and categories of bread consumption. We also assessed the association between bread consumption, glycemic index, or glycemic load, and the incidence of overweight/obesity. Results White bread and whole-grain bread were not associated with higher weight gain. No association between glycemic index, glycemic load and weight change was found. White bread consumption was directly associated with a higher risk of becoming overweight/obese (adjusted OR (≥2 portions /day) versus (≤1 portion /week): 1.40; 95% CI: 1.08-1.81; p for trend: 0.008). However, no statistically significant association was observed between whole-grain bread, glycemic index or glycemic load and overweight/obesity. Conclusions Consumption of white bread (≥2 portions /day) showed a significant direct association with the risk of becoming overweight/obese.
- Published
- 2014