80,942 results on '"Science '
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2. Antimicrobial use among paediatric inpatients at hospital sites within the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program, 2017/2018
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Rudnick, Wallis, Conly, John, Thirion, Daniel J. G., Choi, Kelly, Pelude, Linda, Cayen, Joelle, Bautista, John, Beique, Lizanne, Comeau, Jeannette L., Dalton, Bruce, Delport, Johan, Dhami, Rita, Embree, Joanne, Émond, Yannick, Evans, Gerald, Frenette, Charles, Fryters, Susan, Happe, Jennifer, Katz, Kevin, Kibsey, Pamela, Langley, Joanne M., Lee, Bonita E., Lefebvre, Marie-Astrid, Leis, Jerome A., McGeer, Allison, McKenna, Susan, Neville, Heather L., Slayter, Kathryn, Suh, Kathryn N., Tse-Chang, Alena, Weiss, Karl, and Science, Michelle
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- 2023
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3. Antimicrobial treatment duration for uncomplicated bloodstream infections in critically ill children: a multicentre observational study
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Pong, Sandra, Fowler, Robert A., Murthy, Srinivas, Pernica, Jeffrey M., Gilfoyle, Elaine, Fontela, Patricia, Rishu, Asgar H., Mitsakakis, Nicholas, Hutchison, James S., Science, Michelle, Seto, Winnie, Jouvet, Philippe, and Daneman, Nick
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- 2022
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4. The 2017 global point prevalence survey of antimicrobial consumption and resistance in Canadian hospitals
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Frenette, Charles, Sperlea, David, German, Greg J., Afra, Kevin, Boswell, Jennifer, Chang, Sandra, Goossens, Herman, Grant, Jennifer, Lefebvre, Marie-Astrid, McGeer, Allison, Mertz, Dominic, Science, Michelle, Versporten, Ann, and Thirion, Daniel J. G.
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- 2020
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5. Serology for Neosporosis, Q fever and Brucellosis to assess the cause of abortion in two dairy cattle herds in Ecuador
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Changoluisa, Darwin, Rivera-Olivero, Ismar A., Echeverria, Gustavo, Garcia-Bereguiain, Miguel Angel, de Waard, Jacobus H., and the working group “Applied Microbiology” of the School of Biological Sciences and Engineering at Yachay Tech University
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- 2019
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6. Patient consultation rate and clinical and NHS outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis of English primary care data from 2.7 million patients in 238 practices
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Lay-Flurrie, Sarah, Mathieu, Edouard, Bankhead, Clare, Nicholson, Brian D., Perera-Salazar, Rafael, Holt, Tim, Hobbs, F. D. Richard, Salisbury, Chris, and on behalf of the NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford
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- 2019
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7. Retention strategies in longitudinal cohort studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Teague, Samantha, Youssef, George J., Macdonald, Jacqui A., Sciberras, Emma, Shatte, Adrian, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew, Greenwood, Chris, McIntosh, Jennifer, Olsson, Craig A., Hutchinson, Delyse, and the SEED Lifecourse Sciences Theme
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- 2018
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8. Gaps and strategies in developing health research capacity: experience from the Nigeria Implementation Science Alliance
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Ezeanolue, Echezona E., Menson, William Nii Ayitey, Patel, Dina, Aarons, Gregory, Olutola, Ayodotun, Obiefune, Michael, Dakum, Patrick, Okonkwo, Prosper, Gobir, Bola, Akinmurele, Timothy, Nwandu, Anthea, Khamofu, Hadiza, Oyeledun, Bolanle, Aina, Muyiwa, Eyo, Andy, Oleribe, Obinna, Ibanga, Ikoedem, Oko, John, Anyaike, Chukwuma, Idoko, John, Aliyu, Muktar H., Sturke, Rachel, and Nigeria Implementation Science Alliance
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- 2018
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9. Comorbidity between depression and anxiety: assessing the role of bridge mental states in dynamic psychological networks
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Groen, Robin N., Ryan, Oisín, Wigman, Johanna T.W., Riese, Harriëtte, Penninx, Brenda W.J.H., Giltay, Erik J., Wichers, Marieke, Hartman, Catharina A., Leerstoel Hamaker, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Leerstoel Hamaker, Methodology and statistics for the behavioural and social sciences, Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Internal medicine, APH - Digital Health, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), and Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE)
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Intensive longitudinal data ,Male ,SYMPTOMS ,lcsh:Medicine ,EMOTION DYNAMICS ,Comorbidity ,Anxiety ,0302 clinical medicine ,POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER ,0504 sociology ,Medicine ,PERSPECTIVE ,Ecological momentary assessment ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,RISK ,Medicine(all) ,ISSUES ,Depression ,05 social sciences ,Social anxiety ,PSYCHOPATHOLOGY ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Anxiety Disorders ,Feeling ,Network analysis ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychopathology ,Clinical psychology ,Research Article ,Time series ,media_common.quotation_subject ,SOCIAL ANXIETY ,MODELS ,TIME-SERIES ,Bridge (interpersonal) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bridge symptoms ,Humans ,business.industry ,Perspective (graphical) ,lcsh:R ,050401 social sciences methods ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Comorbidity between depressive and anxiety disorders is common. A hypothesis of the network perspective on psychopathology is that comorbidity arises due to the interplay of symptoms shared by both disorders, with overlapping symptoms acting as so-called bridges, funneling symptom activation between symptom clusters of each disorder. This study investigated this hypothesis by testing whether (i) two overlapping mental states “worrying” and “feeling irritated” functioned as bridges in dynamic mental state networks of individuals with both depression and anxiety as compared to individuals with either disorder alone, and (ii) overlapping or non-overlapping mental states functioned as stronger bridges. Methods Data come from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). A total of 143 participants met criteria for comorbid depression and anxiety (65%), 40 participants for depression-only (18.2%), and 37 for anxiety-only (16.8%) during any NESDA wave. Participants completed momentary assessments of symptoms (i.e., mental states) of depression and anxiety, five times a day, for 2 weeks (14,185 assessments). First, dynamics between mental states were modeled with a multilevel vector autoregressive model, using Bayesian estimation. Summed average lagged indirect effects through the hypothesized bridge mental states were compared between groups. Second, we evaluated the role of all mental states as potential bridge mental states. Results While the summed indirect effect for the bridge mental state “worrying” was larger in the comorbid group compared to the single disorder groups, differences between groups were not statistically significant. The difference between groups became more pronounced when only examining individuals with recent diagnoses ( Conclusions This study empirically examined a prominent network-approach hypothesis for the first time using longitudinal data. No support was found for overlapping mental states “worrying” and “feeling irritable” functioning as bridge mental states in individuals vulnerable for comorbid depression and anxiety. Potentially, bridge mental state activity can only be observed during acute symptomatology. If so, these may present as interesting targets in treatment, but not prevention. This requires further investigation.
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- 2020
10. Pain and sedation management and monitoring in pediatric intensive care units across Europe: an ESPNIC survey.
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Marco, Daverio, von Borell, Florian, Ramelet, Anne-Sylvie, Sperotto, Francesca, Pokorna, Paula, Brenner, Sebastian, Mondardini, Maria Cristina, Tibboel, Dick, Amigoni, Angela, Ista, Erwin, the Analgosedation CONSORTIUM on behalf of the Pharmacology Section and the Nurse Science Section of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, Kola, Ermira, Vittinghoff, Maria, Duval, Elim, Polić, Branka, Valla, Frédéric, Neunhoeffer, Felix, Konstantinos, Tziouvas, Györgyi, Zoltán, and Tan, Mong Hoi
- Abstract
Background: Management and monitoring of pain and sedation to reduce discomfort as well as side effects, such as over- and under-sedation, withdrawal syndrome and delirium, is an integral part of pediatric intensive care practice. However, the current state of management and monitoring of analgosedation across European pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) remains unknown. The aim of this survey was to describe current practices across European PICUs regarding the management and monitoring of pain and sedation.Methods: An online survey was distributed among 357 European PICUs assessing demographic features, drug choices and dosing, as well as usage of instruments for monitoring pain and sedation. We also compared low- and high-volume PICUs practices. Responses were collected from January to April 2021.Results: A total of 215 (60% response rate) PICUs from 27 European countries responded. Seventy-one percent of PICUs stated to use protocols for analgosedation management, more frequently in high-volume PICUs (77% vs 63%, p = 0.028). First-choice drug combination was an opioid with a benzodiazepine, namely fentanyl (51%) and midazolam (71%) being the preferred drugs. The starting doses differed between PICUs from 0.1 to 5 mcg/kg/h for fentanyl, and 0.01 to 0.5 mg/kg/h for midazolam. Daily assessment and documentation for pain (81%) and sedation (87%) was reported by most of the PICUs, using the preferred validated FLACC scale (54%) and the COMFORT Behavioural scale (48%), respectively. Both analgesia and sedation were mainly monitored by nurses (92% and 84%, respectively). Eighty-six percent of the responding PICUs stated to use neuromuscular blocking agents in some scenarios. Monitoring of paralysed patients was preferably done by observation of vital signs with electronic devices support.Conclusions: This survey provides an overview of current analgosedation practices among European PICUs. Drugs of choice, dosing and assessment strategies were shown to differ widely. Further research and development of evidence-based guidelines for optimal drug dosing and analgosedation assessment are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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11. Coffee and energy drink use patterns in college freshmen: associations with adverse health behaviors and risk factors.
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Svikis, Dace S., Dillon, Pamela M., Meredith, Steven E., Thacker, Leroy R., Polak, Kathryn, Edwards, Alexis C., Pomm, David, Dick, Danielle, Kendler, Kenneth, Spit for Science Working Group, Dick, Danielle M., Pedersen, Kimberly, Neale, Zoe, Thomas, Nathaniel, Adkins, Amy E., Bannard, Thomas, Cho, Seung B., Barr, Peter, Byers, Holly, and Berenz, Erin C.
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COFFEE ,SOCIAL networks ,ENERGY drinks ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,HEALTH behavior ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background: Public health concern over college students mixing caffeine-containing energy drinks (EDs) and alcohol has contributed to an array of ED-focused research studies. One review found consistent associations between ED use and heavy/problem drinking as well as other drug use and risky behaviors (Nutr Rev 72:87-97, 2014). The extent to which similar patterns exist for other sources of caffeine is not known. The present study examined associations between coffee and ED consumption and alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; alcohol use problems; and parental substance abuse and mental health problems in a sample of college freshmen.Methods: Subjects were N = 1986 freshmen at an urban university who completed an on-line survey about demographics; caffeine; alcohol, tobacco and other drug use; and family history. The sample was 61% female and 53% White. Chi-square analyses and multivariable binary or ordinal logistic regression were used to compare substance use, problem alcohol behavior, and familial risk measures across 3 caffeine use groups: ED (with or without Coffee) (ED + Co; N = 350); Coffee but no ED (Co; N = 761); and neither coffee nor ED (NoCE; N = 875) use.Results: After adjusting for gender and race, the 3 caffeine use groups differed on 8 of 9 symptoms for alcohol dependence. In all cases, the ED + Co group was most likely to endorse the symptom, followed by the Co group and finally the NoCE group (all p < .002). A similar pattern was found for: use 6+ times of 5 other classes of drugs (all p < .05); extent of personal and peer smoking (all p < .001); and paternal problems with alcohol, drugs and anxiety/depression as well as maternal alcohol problems and depression/anxiety (p < .04).Conclusions: The response pattern was ubiquitous, with ED + Co most likely, Co intermediate, and NoCE least likely to endorse a broad range of substance use, problem alcohol behaviors, and familial risk factors. The finding that the Co group differed from both the ED + Co and NoCE groups on 8 measures and from the NoCE group on one additional measure underscores the importance of looking at coffee in addition to EDs when considering associations between caffeine and other risky behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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12. Patient consultation rate and clinical and NHS outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis of English primary care data from 2.7 million patients in 238 practices
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Sarah Lay-Flurrie, Edouard Mathieu, Clare Bankhead, Brian D. Nicholson, Rafael Perera-Salazar, Tim Holt, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Chris Salisbury, and on behalf of the NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Workload ,Rate ratio ,State Medicine ,Health administration ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quality and Outcomes Framework ,0302 clinical medicine ,Patient satisfaction ,General Practitioners ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Nurse Practitioners ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mortality ,Aged ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,Mortality rate ,Quality of care ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Hospitalization ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,England ,Patient Satisfaction ,Family medicine ,Female ,Observational study ,General practice ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Facilities and Services Utilization ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Primary care workload is high and increasing in the United Kingdom. We sought to examine the association between rates of primary care consultation and outcomes in England. Methods Cross sectional observational study of routine electronic health care records in 283 practices from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink from April 2013 to March 2014. Outcomes included mortality rate, hospital admission rate, Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) performance and patient satisfaction. Relationships between consultation rates (with a general practitioner (GP) or nurse) and outcomes were investigated using negative binomial and ordinal logistic regression models. Results Rates of GP and nurse consultation (per patient person-year) were not associated with mortality or hospital admission rates: mortality incidence rate ratio (IRR) per unit change in GP/ nurse consultation rate = 1.01, 95% CI [0.98 to 1.04]/ 0.97, 95% CI [0.93 to 1.02]; hospital admission IRR per unit change in GP/ nurse consultation rate = 1.02, 95% CI [0.99 to 1.04]/ 0.98, 95% CI [0.94 to 1.032]. Higher rates of nurse but not GP consultation were associated with higher QOF achievement: OR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.39 to 2.62] per unit change in nurse consultation rate vs. OR = 1.04, 95% CI [0.87 to 1.24] per unit change in GP consultation rate. The association between the rates of GP/ nurse consultations and patient satisfaction was mixed. Conclusion There are few associations between primary care consultation rates and outcomes. Previously identified demographic and staffing factors, rather than practice workload, appear to have the strongest relationships with mortality, admissions, performance and satisfaction. Studies with more detailed patient-level data would be required to explore these findings further. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-4036-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2019
13. Consomic mouse strain selection based on effect size measurement, statistical significance testing and integrated behavioral z-scoring: focus on anxiety-related behavior and locomotion
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Labots, M., Laarakker, M.C., Ohl, F., van Lith, H.A., LS Dierenwelzijn & Proefdierkunde, Dep of Animals in Science and Society, dASS BW-1, LS Dierenwelzijn & Proefdierkunde, Dep of Animals in Science and Society, and dASS BW-1
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Statistics as Topic ,Biology ,Consomic Mouse Strain ,Quantitative trait locus ,Effect size ,Anxiety ,Consomic mouse strain ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Species Specificity ,Chromosome 19 ,Statistical significance ,Genetics ,Animals ,Genetics(clinical) ,p-value ,Cohen’s d ,Genetics (clinical) ,Partial eta squared (η p 2 ) ,Behavior, Animal ,Strain (biology) ,Methodology Article ,Contrast (statistics) ,Phenotypic trait ,Partial eta squared (ηp2) ,030104 developmental biology ,Anxiety-related behavior ,Female ,Integrated z-score ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Locomotion - Abstract
Background Selecting chromosome substitution strains (CSSs, also called consomic strains/lines) used in the search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) consistently requires the identification of the respective phenotypic trait of interest and is simply based on a significant difference between a consomic and host strain. However, statistical significance as represented by P values does not necessarily predicate practical importance. We therefore propose a method that pays attention to both the statistical significance and the actual size of the observed effect. The present paper extends on this approach and describes in more detail the use of effect size measures (Cohen’s d, partial eta squared - ηp2) together with the P value as statistical selection parameters for the chromosomal assignment of QTLs influencing anxiety-related behavior and locomotion in laboratory mice. Results The effect size measures were based on integrated behavioral z-scoring and were calculated in three experiments: (A) a complete consomic male mouse panel with A/J as the donor strain and C57BL/6J as the host strain. This panel, including host and donor strains, was analyzed in the modified Hole Board (mHB). The consomic line with chromosome 19 from A/J (CSS-19A) was selected since it showed increased anxiety-related behavior, but similar locomotion compared to its host. (B) Following experiment A, female CSS-19A mice were compared with their C57BL/6J counterparts; however no significant differences and effect sizes close to zero were found. (C) A different consomic mouse strain (CSS-19PWD), with chromosome 19 from PWD/PhJ transferred on the genetic background of C57BL/6J, was compared with its host strain. Here, in contrast with CSS-19A, there was a decreased overall anxiety in CSS-19PWD compared to C57BL/6J males, but not locomotion. Conclusions This new method shows an improved way to identify CSSs for QTL analysis for anxiety-related behavior using a combination of statistical significance testing and effect sizes. In addition, an intercross between CSS-19A and CSS-19PWD may be of interest for future studies on the genetic background of anxiety-related behavior. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0411-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2016
14. Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation to prevent acute respiratory infections in infancy in Dhaka, Bangladesh (MDARI trial): protocol for a prospective cohort study nested within a randomized controlled trial
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Shaun K. Morris, Lisa G. Pell, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Michelle C. Dimitris, Abdullah Mahmud, M. Munirul Islam, Tahmeed Ahmed, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Tahmid Kashem, Shaila S. Shanta, Jonathan Gubbay, Eszter Papp, Michelle Science, Stanley Zlotkin, and Daniel E. Roth
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Male ,Pediatrics ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Respiratory syncytial virus ,Infant, Newborn, Diseases ,Study Protocol ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical Protocols ,Pregnancy ,Obstetrics and Gynaecology ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Vitamin D ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,education.field_of_study ,Bangladesh ,Mortality rate ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Respiratory infection ,Prenatal Care ,Vitamins ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Breast Feeding ,Treatment Outcome ,Acute respiratory infection ,Acute Disease ,Female ,Cohort study ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ,03 medical and health sciences ,Lower respiratory tract infection ,Humans ,Lactation ,education ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Pneumonia ,Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,medicine.disease ,Influenza ,respiratory tract diseases ,Dietary Supplements ,business ,Postpartum period - Abstract
Early infancy is a high-risk period for severe acute respiratory infection (ARI), particularly in low-income countries with resource-limited health systems. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is commonly preceded by upper respiratory infection (URTI), and often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and other common community-acquired viral pathogens. Vitamin D status is a candidate modifiable early-life determinant of the host antiviral immune response and thus may influence the risk of ARI-associated morbidity in high-risk populations. In the Maternal Vitamin D for Infant Growth (MDIG) study in Dhaka, Bangladesh (NCT01924013), 1300 pregnant women are randomized to one of five groups: placebo, 4200 IU/week, 16,800 IU/week, or 28,000 IU/week from 2nd trimester to delivery plus placebo from 0–6 months postpartum; or, 28,000 IU/week prenatal and until 6-months postpartum. In the Maternal Vitamin D for ARI in Infancy (MDARI) sub-study nested within the MDIG trial, trained personnel conduct weekly postnatal home visits to inquire about ARI symptoms and conduct a standardized clinical assessment. Supplementary home visits between surveillance visits are conducted when caregivers make phone notifications of new infant symptoms. Mid-turbinate nasal swab samples are obtained from infants who meet standardized clinical ARI criteria. Specimens are tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 8 viruses (influenza A/B, parainfluenza 1/2/3, RSV, adenovirus, and human metapneumovirus), and nasal carriage density of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The primary outcome is the incidence rate of microbiologically-positive viral ARI, using incidence rate ratios to estimate between-group differences. We hypothesize that among infants 0–6 months of age, the incidence of microbiologically-confirmed viral ARI will be significantly lower in infants whose mothers received high-dose prenatal/postpartum vitamin D supplements versus placebo. Secondary outcomes include incidence of ARI associated with specific pathogens (influenza A or B, RSV), clinical ARI, and density of pneumococcal carriage. If shown to reduce the risk of viral ARI in infancy, integration of maternal prenatal/postpartum vitamin D supplementation into antenatal care programs in South Asia may be a feasible primary preventive strategy to reduce the burden of ARI-associated morbidity and mortality in young infants. NCT02388516 , registered March 9, 2015.
- Published
- 2016
15. Antimicrobial use among adult inpatients at hospital sites within the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program: 2009 to 2016.
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Rudnick, Wallis, Science, Michelle, Thirion, Daniel J. G., Abdesselam, Kahina, Choi, Kelly B., Pelude, Linda, Amaratunga, Kanchana, Comeau, Jeannette L., Dalton, Bruce, Delport, Johan, Dhami, Rita, Embree, Joanne, Émond, Yannick, Evans, Gerald, Frenette, Charles, Fryters, Susan, German, Greg, Grant, Jennifer M., Happe, Jennifer, and Katz, Kevin
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NOSOCOMIAL infections , *DRUG resistance in microorganisms , *INTENSIVE care units , *DRUG resistance in bacteria , *HOSPITALS - Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to the world's ability to prevent and treat infections. Links between quantitative antibiotic use and the emergence of bacterial resistance are well documented. This study presents benchmark antimicrobial use (AMU) rates for inpatient adult populations in acute-care hospitals across Canada. Methods: In this retrospective surveillance study, acute-care adult hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CNISP) submitted annual AMU data on all systemic antimicrobials from 2009 to 2016. Information specific to intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICU wards were available for 2014–2016. Data were analyzed using defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 patient days (DDD/1000pd). Results: Between 2009 and 2016, 16–18 CNISP adult hospitals participated each year and provided their AMU data (22 hospitals participated in ≥1 year of surveillance; 11 in all years). From 2009 to 2016, there was a significant reduction in use (12%) (from 654 to 573 DDD/1000pd, p = 0.03). Fluoroquinolones accounted for the majority of this decrease (47% reduction in combined oral and intravenous use, from 129 to 68 DDD/1000pd, p < 0.002). The top five antimicrobials used in 2016 were cefazolin (78 DDD/1000pd), piperacillin-tazobactam (53 DDD/1000pd), ceftriaxone (49 DDD/1000pd), vancomycin (combined oral and intravenous use was 44 DDD/1000pd; 7% of vancomycin use was oral), and ciprofloxacin (combined oral and intravenous use: 42 DDD/1000pd). Among the top 10 antimicrobials used in 2016, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole use decreased significantly between 2009 and 2016 by 46% (p = 0.002) and 26% (p = 0.002) respectively. Ceftriaxone (85% increase, p = 0.0008) and oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (140% increase, p < 0.0001) use increased significantly but contributed only a small component (8.6 and 5.0%, respectively) of overall use. Conclusions: This study represents the largest collection of dispensed antimicrobial use data among inpatients in Canada to date. Between 2009 and 2016, there was a significant 12% decrease in AMU, driven primarily by a 47% decrease in fluoroquinolone use. Modest absolute increases in parenteral ceftriaxone and oral amoxicillin-clavulanate use were noted but contributed a small amount of total AMU. Ongoing national surveillance is crucial for establishing benchmarks and antimicrobial stewardship guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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16. Correction to: Pain and sedation management and monitoring in pediatric intensive care units across Europe: an ESPNIC survey.
- Author
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Daverio, Marco, von Borell, Florian, Ramelet, Anne-Sylvie, Sperotto, Francesca, Pokorna, Paula, Brenner, Sebastian, Mondardini, Maria Cristina, Tibboel, Dick, Amigoni, Angela, Ista, Erwin, the Analgosedation CONSORTIUM on behalf of the Pharmacology Section and the Nurse Science Section of the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, Kola, Ermira, Vittinghoff, Maria, Duval, Elim, Polić, Branka, Valla, Frédéric, Neunhoeffer, Felix, Konstantinos, Tziouvas, Györgyi, Zoltán, and Tan, Mong Hoi
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation to prevent acute respiratory infections in infancy in Dhaka, Bangladesh (MDARI trial): protocol for a prospective cohort study nested within a randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Morris, Shaun K., Pell, Lisa G., Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur, Dimitris, Michelle C., Mahmud, Abdullah, Islam, M. Munirul, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Pullenayegum, Eleanor, Kashem, Tahmid, Shanta, Shaila S., Gubbay, Jonathan, Papp, Eszter, Science, Michelle, Zlotkin, Stanley, and Roth, Daniel E.
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin D ,RESPIRATORY infections ,DIETARY supplements ,PREVENTION of pregnancy complications ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,PREVENTION - Abstract
Background: Early infancy is a high-risk period for severe acute respiratory infection (ARI), particularly in low-income countries with resource-limited health systems. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is commonly preceded by upper respiratory infection (URTI), and often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and other common community-acquired viral pathogens. Vitamin D status is a candidate modifiable early-life determinant of the host antiviral immune response and thus may influence the risk of ARI-associated morbidity in high-risk populations. Methods/Design: In the Maternal Vitamin D for Infant Growth (MDIG) study in Dhaka, Bangladesh (NCT01924013), 1300 pregnant women are randomized to one of five groups: placebo, 4200 IU/week, 16,800 IU/week, or 28,000 IU/week from 2
nd trimester to delivery plus placebo from 0-6 months postpartum; or, 28,000 IU/week prenatal and until 6-months postpartum. In the Maternal Vitamin D for ARI in Infancy (MDARI) sub-study nested within the MDIG trial, trained personnel conduct weekly postnatal home visits to inquire about ARI symptoms and conduct a standardized clinical assessment. Supplementary home visits between surveillance visits are conducted when caregivers make phone notifications of new infant symptoms. Mid-turbinate nasal swab samples are obtained from infants who meet standardized clinical ARI criteria. Specimens are tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 8 viruses (influenza A/B, parainfluenza 1/2/3, RSV, adenovirus, and human metapneumovirus), and nasal carriage density of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The primary outcome is the incidence rate of microbiologically-positive viral ARI, using incidence rate ratios to estimate between-group differences. We hypothesize that among infants 0-6 months of age, the incidence of microbiologically-confirmed viral ARI will be significantly lower in infants whose mothers received high-dose prenatal/postpartum vitamin D supplements versus placebo. Secondary outcomes include incidence of ARI associated with specific pathogens (influenza A or B, RSV), clinical ARI, and density of pneumococcal carriage. Discussion: If shown to reduce the risk of viral ARI in infancy, integration of maternal prenatal/postpartum vitamin D supplementation into antenatal care programs in South Asia may be a feasible primary preventive strategy to reduce the burden of ARI-associated morbidity and mortality in young infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Comparison of clastogen-induced gene expression profiles in wild-type and DNA repair-deficient Rad54/Rad54B cells
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Mahabir, A.G., Schaap, M.M., Pennings, J.L., van Benthem, J., Hendriksen, C.F.M., van Steeg, H., Algemeen Onderzoek DGK, and Dep of Animals in Science and Society
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lcsh:QH426-470 ,DNA Repair ,Genotype ,DNA repair ,DNA damage ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Mitomycin ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene ,Cell Line ,Clastogen ,Bleomycin ,Mice ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Gene expression ,Genetics ,Animals ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Principal Component Analysis ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Wild type ,Molecular biology ,Gene expression profiling ,lcsh:Genetics ,Cell culture ,Ethylnitrosourea ,Biotechnology ,Research Article ,DNA Damage ,Mutagens - Abstract
Background Previously we found that Rad54/Rad54B cells are more sensitive towards mitomycin C (MMC) as compared to wild-type (WT) cells. This difference in sensitivity was absent upon exposure to other clastogens like bleomycin (BLM) and γ-radiation. In order to get further insight into possible underlying mechanisms, gene expression changes in WT and Rad54/Rad54B MEFs (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) after exposure to the clastogens MMC and BLM were investigated. Exposures of these cells to mutagens (N-ac-AAF and ENU) and vehicle were taken as controls. Results Most exposures resulted in an induction of DNA damage signaling and apoptosis genes and a reduced expression of cell division genes in cells of both genotypes. As expected, responses to N-ac-AAF were very similar in both genotypes. ENU exposure did not lead to significant gene expression changes in cells of both genotypes, presumably due to its short half-life. Gene expression responses to clastogens, however, showed a genotype-dependent effect for BLM and MMC. MMC treated Rad54/Rad54B MEFs showed no induction of p53-signaling, DNA damage response and apoptosis as seen for all the other treatments. Conclusion These data support our finding that different types of clastogens exist and that responses to these types depend on the DNA repair status of the cells.
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- 2010
19. Faster and more accurate pathogenic combination predictions with VarCoPP2.0
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Nassim Versbraegen, Barbara Gravel, Charlotte Nachtegael, Alexandre Renaux, Emma Verkinderen, Ann Nowé, Tom Lenaerts, Sofia Papadimitriou, Brussels Heritage Lab, Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Informatics and Applied Informatics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Artificial Intelligence, and Electronics and Informatics
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Structural Biology ,Applied Mathematics ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Background The prediction of potentially pathogenic variant combinations in patients remains a key task in the field of medical genetics for the understanding and detection of oligogenic/multilocus diseases. Models tailored towards such cases can help shorten the gap of missing diagnoses and can aid researchers in dealing with the high complexity of the derived data. The predictor VarCoPP (Variant Combinations Pathogenicity Predictor) that was published in 2019 and identified potentially pathogenic variant combinations in gene pairs (bilocus variant combinations), was the first important step in this direction. Despite its usefulness and applicability, several issues still remained that hindered a better performance, such as its False Positive (FP) rate, the quality of its training set and its complex architecture. Results We present VarCoPP2.0: the successor of VarCoPP that is a simplified, faster and more accurate predictive model identifying potentially pathogenic bilocus variant combinations. Results from cross-validation and on independent data sets reveal that VarCoPP2.0 has improved in terms of both sensitivity (95% in cross-validation and 98% during testing) and specificity (5% FP rate). At the same time, its running time shows a significant 150-fold decrease due to the selection of a simpler Balanced Random Forest model. Its positive training set now consists of variant combinations that are more confidently linked with evidence of pathogenicity, based on the confidence scores present in OLIDA, the Oligogenic Diseases Database (https://olida.ibsquare.be). The improvement of its performance is also attributed to a more careful selection of up-to-date features identified via an original wrapper method. We show that the combination of different variant and gene pair features together is important for predictions, highlighting the usefulness of integrating biological information at different levels. Conclusions Through its improved performance and faster execution time, VarCoPP2.0 enables a more accurate analysis of larger data sets linked to oligogenic diseases. Users can access the ORVAL platform (https://orval.ibsquare.be) to apply VarCoPP2.0 on their data.
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- 2023
20. Management of people with low back pain
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Lobke P. De la Ruelle, Annemarie de Zoete, Michiel R. de Boer, Maurits W. van Tulder, Raymond Ostelo, Sidney M. Rubinstein, Epidemiology and Data Science, AMS - Musculoskeletal Health, APH - Quality of Care, APH - Societal Participation & Health, Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, APH - Methodology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases
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CLINICAL GUIDELINES ,DISABILITY ,Health Personnel ,CARE PROVIDERS ATTITUDES ,Guideline adherence ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,EUROPEAN GUIDELINES ,Chiropractic ,PREVALENCE ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Belgium ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Low Back Pain/therapy ,Humans ,Low back pain ,Chiropractics ,CONSENSUS - Abstract
Background Chiropractors commonly provide care to people with low-back pain (LBP). The aim of this survey was to determine the opinions and beliefs of chiropractors regarding the support and management of LBP. We also investigated whether their management is in accordance with the three most commonly recommended approaches to LBP based upon international guidelines (i.e. advice regarding return-to-work, limit bedrest, and stay active). Methods A web-based survey was sent out in 2013 to collect data from registered Dutch and Belgian chiropractors. In addition to providing a description of their sociodemographic and practice characteristics, chiropractors were asked to complete six patient vignettes representing people with LBP who typically present to a chiropractor. The respondents indicated which intervention(s) they would recommend or undertake. Based upon these vignettes, we were able to determine whether their management approach adhered to clinical guidelines. Generalized mixed models were used to explore guidelines adherence and their relationship to chiropractors’ characteristics. Results In total, 60% (n = 203/340) of the chiropractors who were invited, chose to participate. Chiropractors reported applying a chiropractic adjustment in 90% of all vignettes, while the advice to exercise varied from one-third in the chronic cases to approximately half of those with acute LBP. More than 75% of the chiropractors would initially treat LBP 1–2 times a week. More than 90% of the chiropractors advised against bedrest. Overall, self-reported adherence to clinical guidelines for all six vignettes was [64.5% (CI 58.7–70.0)]. Adherence in the chronic vignettes [73.4% (CI 66.7–79.2)] was better than in the acute vignettes [55.9% (CI 50.5–61.1)]. Importantly, regarding recommended approaches to LBP, chiropractors more consistently followed guidelines regarding advice to limit bedrest [98.5% (CI 97.3–99.1)] than advice to stay active [77.5% (CI 72.3–81.9)] or return-to-work [59.4% (CI 55.2–63.4)]. Finally, Dutch chiropractors were more likely to adhere to the guidelines than Belgian chiropractors. Conclusions Chiropractic adjustments were the most common self-reported treatment modalities supplemented by exercise in the management of LBP patients. Two-thirds of the chiropractors reported adhering to the guidelines regarding management and advice for LBP patients. Practitioners should improve guideline adherence, particularly for acute LBP cases, and when advising on return-to-work.
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- 2022
21. Immune stimulation recruits a subset of pro-regenerative macrophages to the retina that promotes axonal regrowth of injured neurons
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Lien Andries, Daliya Kancheva, Luca Masin, Isabelle Scheyltjens, Hannah Van Hove, Karen De Vlaminck, Steven Bergmans, Marie Claes, Lies De Groef, Lieve Moons, Kiavash Movahedi, Brussels Heritage Lab, Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Laboratory of Molecullar and Cellular Therapy, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, and Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences
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Retinal Ganglion Cells ,MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES ,Neuroscience(all) ,Immunology ,ONCOMODULIN ,Retina ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,MICROGLIA ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,INFLAMMATION ,Animals ,Mammals ,Science & Technology ,IDENTIFICATION ,Macrophages ,Neurosciences ,INHIBITOR ,Axons ,inflammation ,Optic Nerve Injuries ,Neurosciences & Neurology ,SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN ,FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY ,Neurology (clinical) ,SPINAL-CORD ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,OPTIC-NERVE - Abstract
The multifaceted nature of neuroinflammation is highlighted by its ability to both aggravate and promote neuronal health. While in mammals retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are unable to regenerate following injury, acute inflammation can induce axonal regrowth. However, the nature of the cells, cellular states and signalling pathways that drive this inflammation-induced regeneration have remained elusive. Here, we investigated the functional significance of macrophages during RGC de- and regeneration, by characterizing the inflammatory cascade evoked by optic nerve crush (ONC) injury, with or without local inflammatory stimulation in the vitreous. By combining single-cell RNA sequencing and fate mapping approaches, we elucidated the response of retinal microglia and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to RGC injury. Importantly, inflammatory stimulation recruited large numbers of MDMs to the retina, which exhibited long-term engraftment and promoted axonal regrowth. Ligand-receptor analysis highlighted a subset of recruited macrophages that exhibited expression of pro-regenerative secreted factors, which were able to promote axon regrowth via paracrine signalling. Our work reveals how inflammation may promote CNS regeneration by modulating innate immune responses, providing a rationale for macrophage-centred strategies for driving neuronal repair following injury and disease. ispartof: ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS vol:11 issue:1 ispartof: location:England status: published
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- 2023
22. Corticosteroid therapy in refractory shock following cardiac arrest: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial.
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Donnino, Michael W., Andersen, Lars W., Berg, Katherine M., Chase, Maureen, Sherwin, Robert, Smithline, Howard, Carney, Erin, Long Ngo, Patel, Parth V., Xiaowen Liu, Cutlip, Donald, Zimetbaum, Peter, Cocchi, Michael N., Ngo, Long, Liu, Xiaowen, and collaborating authors from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center’s Center for Resuscitation Science Research Group
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CARDIAC arrest ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CARDIOPULMONARY resuscitation ,HYDROCORTISONE ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,SHOCK (Pathology) ,SURVIVAL ,TIME ,EVALUATION research ,VASOCONSTRICTORS ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,BLIND experiment ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the provision of corticosteroids improves time to shock reversal and outcomes in patients with post-cardiac arrest shock.Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of post-cardiac arrest patients in shock, defined as vasopressor support for a minimum of 1 hour. Patients were randomized to intravenous hydrocortisone 100 mg or placebo every 8 hours for 7 days or until shock reversal. The primary endpoint was time to shock reversal.Results: Fifty patients were included with 25 in each group. There was no difference in time to shock reversal between groups (hazard ratio: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.40-1.75], p = 0.63). We found no difference in secondary outcomes including shock reversal (52% vs. 60%, p = 0.57), good neurological outcome (24% vs. 32%, p = 0.53) or survival to discharge (28% vs. 36%, p = 0.54) between the hydrocortisone and placebo groups. Of the patients with a baseline cortisol < 15 ug/dL, 100% (6/6) in the hydrocortisone group achieved shock reversal compared to 33% (1/3) in the placebo group (p = 0.08). All patients in the placebo group died (100%; 3/3) whereas 50% (3/6) died in the hydrocortisone group (p = 0.43).Conclusions: In a population of cardiac arrest patients with vasopressor-dependent shock, treatment with hydrocortisone did not improve time to shock reversal, rate of shock reversal, or clinical outcomes when compared to placebo.Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00676585, registration date: May 9, 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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23. Personalised rehabilitation to improve return to work in patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type II after spinal cord stimulation implantation
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OPERA consortium, Moens, Maarten, Goudman, Lisa, Van De Velde, Dominique, Godderis, Lode, Putman, Koen, Callens, Jonas, Lavreysen, Olivia, Ceulemans, Dries, Leysen, Laurence, De Smedt, Ann, Pain in Motion, Supporting clinical sciences, Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation, Radiology, Neurosurgery, Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Brussels Heritage Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Radiation Therapy, Public Health Sciences, Organisation, policy and social inequalities in health care, Interuniversity Centre For Health Economics Research, Rehabilitation Research, UZB Other, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical sciences, and Theys, Tom
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Neuroscience(all) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Pain ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,rehabilitation ,surgery ,Return to Work ,Humans ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Pain Measurement ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Randomised controlled trial ,Spinal Cord Stimulation ,Neuromodulation ,Rehabilitation ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Treatment Outcome ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,neuromodulation ,Quality of Life ,Personalised medicine ,failed back surgery syndrome ,Failed back surgery syndrome ,randomised controlled trial - Abstract
Background For patients with therapy-refractory persistent spinal pain syndrome type II (PSPS-T2), spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may serve as an effective minimally invasive treatment. Despite the evidence that SCS can improve return to work (RTW), only 9.5 to 14% of patients implanted with SCS are effectively capable of returning to work. Thus, it seems that current post-operative interventions are not effective for achieving RTW after SCS implantation in clinical practice. The current objective is to examine whether a personalised biopsychosocial rehabilitation programme specifically targeting RTW alters the work ability in PSPS-T2 patients after SCS implantation compared to usual care. Methods A two-arm, parallel-group multicentre randomised controlled trial will be conducted including 112 patients who will be randomised (1:1) to either (a) a personalised biopsychosocial RTW rehabilitation programme of 14 weeks or (b) a usual care arm, both with a follow-up period until 12 months after the intervention. The primary outcome is work ability. The secondary outcomes are work status and participation, pain intensity, health-related quality of life, physical activity and functional disability, functional capacities, sleep quality, kinesiophobia, self-management, anxiety, depression and healthcare expenditure. Discussion Within the OPERA project, we propose a multidisciplinary personalised biopsychosocial rehabilitation programme specifically targeting RTW for patients implanted with SCS, to tackle the high socio-economic burden of patients that are not re-entering the labour market. The awareness is growing that the burden of PSPS-T2 on our society is expected to increase over time due to the annual increase of spinal surgeries. However, innovative and methodologically rigorous trials exploring the potential to decrease the socio-economic burden when patients initiate a trajectory with SCS are essentially lacking. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05269212. Registered on 7 March 2022.
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- 2022
24. LuxRep
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Malonzo, Maia H., Halla-aho, Viivi, Konki, Mikko, Lund, Riikka J., Lähdesmäki, Harri, Department of Computer Science, University of Turku, Computer Science Professors, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
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Probabilistic ,Bisulfite sequencing ,Methylation - Abstract
Funding Information: We acknowledge the computational resources provided by the Aalto Science-IT project and the Finnish Functional Genomics Centre and Biocenter Finland. Funding Information: This work was supported by the Academy of Finland (292660, 311584, 335436). The funding body played no role in the design of the study, the collection, analysis, interpretation of data, or in writing the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s). Background: DNA methylation is commonly measured using bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq). The quality of a BS-seq library is measured by its bisulfite conversion efficiency. Libraries with low conversion rates are typically excluded from analysis resulting in reduced coverage and increased costs. Results: We have developed a probabilistic method and software, LuxRep, that implements a general linear model and simultaneously accounts for technical replicates (libraries from the same biological sample) from different bisulfite-converted DNA libraries. Using simulations and actual DNA methylation data, we show that including technical replicates with low bisulfite conversion rates generates more accurate estimates of methylation levels and differentially methylated sites. Moreover, using variational inference speeds up computation time necessary for whole genome analysis. Conclusions: In this work we show that taking into account technical replicates (i.e. libraries) of BS-seq data of varying bisulfite conversion rates, with their corresponding experimental parameters, improves methylation level estimation and differential methylation detection.
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- 2022
25. Characterizing fall risk factors in Belgian older adults through machine learning
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Elke Lathouwers, Arnau Dillen, María Alejandra Díaz, Bruno Tassignon, Jo Verschueren, Dominique Verté, Nico De Witte, Kevin De Pauw, Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Brussels Heritage Lab, Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Doctoraatsbegeleiding, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Brussels Centre for Urban Studies, Educational Science, Gerontology, and Belgian Ageing Studies
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Machine Learning ,Belgium ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,risk factors ,Accidental Falls ,Fall incidence ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Independent Living ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,older adults ,Aged - Abstract
Background Falls are a major problem associated with ageing. Yet, fall-risk classification models identifying older adults at risk are lacking. Current screening tools show limited predictive validity to differentiate between a low- and high-risk of falling. Objective This study aims at identifying risk factors associated with higher risk of falling by means of a quality-of-life questionnaire incorporating biological, behavioural, environmental and socio-economic factors. These insights can aid the development of a fall-risk classification algorithm identifying community-dwelling older adults at risk of falling. Methods The questionnaire was developed by the Belgian Ageing Studies research group of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and administered to 82,580 older adults for a detailed analysis of risk factors linked to the fall incidence data. Based on previously known risk factors, 139 questions were selected from the questionnaire to include in this study. Included questions were encoded, missing values were dropped, and multicollinearity was assessed. A random forest classifier that learns to predict falls was trained to investigate the importance of each individual feature. Results Twenty-four questions were included in the classification-model. Based on the output of the model all factors were associated with the risk of falling of which two were biological risk factors, eight behavioural, 11 socioeconomic and three environmental risk factors. Each of these variables contributed between 4.5 and 6.5% to explaining the risk of falling. Conclusion The present study identified 24 fall risk factors using machine learning techniques to identify older adults at high risk of falling. Maintaining a mental, physical and socially active lifestyle, reducing vulnerability and feeling satisfied with the living situation contributes to reducing the risk of falling. Further research is warranted to establish an easy-to-use screening tool to be applied in daily practice.
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- 2022
26. Probabilistic modeling methods for cell-free DNA methylation based cancer classification
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Halla-aho, Viivi, Lähdesmäki, Harri, Professorship Lähdesmäki Harri, Computer Science Professors, Department of Computer Science, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
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Cell-free DNA ,DNA methylation ,Probabilistic modeling ,Feature selection ,CfMeDIP-seq - Abstract
Background cfMeDIP-seq is a low-cost method for determining the DNA methylation status of cell-free DNA and it has been successfully combined with statistical methods for accurate cancer diagnostics. We investigate the diagnostic classification aspect by applying statistical tests and dimension reduction techniques for feature selection and probabilistic modeling for the cancer type classification, and we also study the effect of sequencing depth. Methods We experiment with a variety of statistical methods that use different feature selection and feature extraction methods as well as probabilistic classifiers for diagnostic decision making. We test the (moderated) t-tests and the Fisher’s exact test for feature selection, principal component analysis (PCA) as well as iterative supervised PCA (ISPCA) for feature generation, and GLMnet and logistic regression methods with sparsity promoting priors for classification. Probabilistic programming language Stan is used to implement Bayesian inference for the probabilistic models. Results and conclusions We compare overlaps of differentially methylated genomic regions as chosen by different feature selection methods, and evaluate probabilistic classifiers by evaluating the area under the receiver operating characteristic scores on discovery and validation cohorts. While we observe that many methods perform equally well as, and occasionally considerably better than, GLMnet that was originally proposed for cfMeDIP-seq based cancer classification, we also observed that performance of different methods vary across sequencing depths, cancer types and study cohorts. Overall, methods that seem robust and promising include Fisher’s exact test and ISPCA for feature selection as well as a simple logistic regression model with the number of hyper and hypo-methylated regions as features.
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- 2022
27. Genome sequence and Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) repertoire of the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T
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Ameri, Rihab, García, José Luis, Derenfed, Amel Bouanane, Pradel, Nathalie, Neifar, Sawssan, Mhiri, Sonia, Mezghanni, Monia, Jaouadi, Nadia Zaraî, Barriuso, Jorge, Bejar, Samir, Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (Tunisie), European Commission, García, José Luis [0000-0002-9238-2485], Pradel, Nathalie [0000-0002-6223-7420], Jaouadi, Nadia Zaraî [0000-0001-9385-8492], Barriuso, Jorge [0000-0003-0916-6560], Bejar, Samir [0000-0002-4925-2247], Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Corporacion para Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene = University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), García, José Luis, Pradel, Nathalie, Jaouadi, Nadia Zaraî, Barriuso, Jorge, and Bejar, Samir
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Biotechnological applications ,Base Composition ,Clostridiales ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Bioengineering ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T ,CGC ,Polysaccharides ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Phylogeny ,CAZymes ,Biotechnology - Abstract
11 p.-3 fig.-3 tab., Background: Omics approaches are widely applied in the field of biology for the discovery of potential CAZymes including whole genome sequencing. The aim of this study was to identify protein encoding genes including CAZymes in order to understand glycans-degrading machinery in the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T strain., Results: Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T is a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, which grows between the temperatures of 55 °C and 75 °C. Next generation sequencing using Illumina technology was performed on the C. algeriensis strain resulting in 45 contigs with an average GC content of 44.9% and a total length of 2,535,023 bp. Genome annotation reveals 2425 protein-coding genes with 97 ORFs coding CAZymes. Many glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and glycosyltransferases genes were found linked to genes encoding oligosaccharide transporters and transcriptional regulators; suggesting that CAZyme encoding genes are organized in clusters involved in polysaccharides degradation and transport. In depth analysis of CAZomes content in C. algeriensis genome unveiled 33 CAZyme gene clusters uncovering new enzyme combinations targeting specific substrates., Conclusions: This study is the first targeting CAZymes repertoire of C. algeriensis, it provides insight to the high potential of identified enzymes for plant biomass degradation and their biotechnological applications., This work was supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (contract program LBMIE-CBS, code: LR15CBS06) and the Algerian-Tunisian R&I Cooperation for the Mixed Laboratories of Scientific Excellence 2021–2024 (Hydro-BIOTECH, code LABEX/TN/DZ/21/01). The high throughput sequencing, assembly and annotation work was supported by the IBISBA1.0 H2020 project 730976 (https://www.ibisba.eu/) at its CSIC Cell Factory node.
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- 2022
28. Impact of COVID-19 on the Belgian HIV epidemic: slowdown of HIV transmission and testing and adaptation of care
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Van Beckhoven, Dominique, Serrien, Ben, Montourcy, Marion, Verhofstede, Chris, Van den Bossche, Dorien, Libois, Agnes, De Geyter, Deborah, Martin, Thierry, Van den Eynde, Sandra, Vuylsteke, Bea, Darcis, Gilles, van Halem, Karlijn, Florence, Eric, Deblonde, Jessika, Belgian Research on AIDS and HIV Consortium (BREACH), Ausselet, Nathalie, Yombi, Jean Cyr, UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (MGD) Pathologie infectieuse, UCL - (SLuc) Service de médecine interne générale, Brussels Heritage Lab, Supporting clinical sciences, Movement and Nutrition for Health and Performance, Movement and Sport Sciences, Experimental Pharmacology, Microbiology and Infection Control, and Clinical Biology
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Epidemiology ,HIV diagnosis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,HIV Infections ,COVID-19 impact ,infectious diseases ,HIV testing ,Belgium ,HIV Care ,Communicable Disease Control ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,HIV trend ,HIV care ,Pandemics - Abstract
Background To gain insight into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and containment measures on the HIV epidemic and services, this study aims to describe HIV trends in 2020 and compare them with previous years. Methods Belgian national HIV surveillance data 2017–2020 were analysed for trends in HIV testing, HIV diagnoses, VL measurements, ART uptake and PrEP purchase. Descriptive statistics from 2020 are compared to annual averages from 2017 to 2019 (proportional difference, %). Results In 2020, 725 HIV infections were diagnosed in Belgium (− 21.5% compared to 2019). The decline was most pronounced during the first lockdown in April–May but also present in July–December. The number of HIV tests performed decreased by 17.6% in 2020, particularly in March–May and October–December (− 57.5% in April and -25.4% in November 2020 compared to monthly 2017–19 numbers). Diagnosis of acute HIV infections decreased by 47.1% in 2020 (n = 27) compared to 2019 (n = 51). Late HIV diagnoses decreased by 24.7% (95% CI [− 40.7%; -9.7%]) in 2020 compared to 2019. Of patients in care in 2019, 11.8% interrupted HIV care in 2020 compared to 9.1% yearly in the 3 previous years. The number of HIV patients with VL monitoring per month dropped in March–May 2020, whilst proportions of VL suppression and ART coverage remained above 86% and 98.5% respectively in 2020. PrEP purchases, number of purchasers and starters dropped during April–May 2020 (respectively − 45.7%, − 47.4%, − 77.9% in April compared to February 2020). Conclusions The significant decrease in HIV diagnoses in Belgium in 2020 coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic and following containment measures, particularly in April–May during the first lockdown. A slowdown of HIV transmission due to reduced HIV risk exposure is suggested by the halving in diagnosis of acute HIV infections in March-December 2020 compared to the previous year, and the adaptive decrease in PrEP use and PrEP initiation from April onwards. Despite a slight increase in HIV care interruptions, the indicators of quality of HIV care remained stable. Access to prevention, testing and care for all people living with HIV and at risk of acquiring HIV is a priority during and after times of pandemic.
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- 2022
29. Complement activation contributes to subretinal fibrosis through the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelial cells
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María Llorián-Salvador, Eimear M. Byrne, Manon Szczepan, Karis Little, Mei Chen, Heping Xu, Institut Català de la Salut, [Llorián-Salvador M] The Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. [Byrne EM] The Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. [Szczepan M, Little K, Chen M, Xu H] The Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Transdifferentiation::Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition [PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES] ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,C5a ,Complement system ,Macular fibrosis ,Immunology ,Retinal Pigment Epithelium ,C3a ,Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Transforming Growth Factor beta2 ,Mice ,Subretinal fibrosis ,fenómenos del sistema inmunitario::activación del complemento [FENÓMENOS Y PROCESOS] ,Epithelial Cells/pathology ,Vimentin ,Animals ,Complement Activation ,Inflammation ,Cèl·lules epitelials ,Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism ,Retinal pigment epithelial cell ,General Neuroscience ,Retinal Pigments/metabolism ,Vimentin/metabolism ,Age-related macular degeneration ,Ulls - Fibrosi ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism ,Epithelial Cells ,Cadherins ,Fibrosis ,Fibronectins ,Sense Organs::Eye::Pigment Epithelium of Eye::Retinal Pigment Epithelium [ANATOMY] ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Neurology ,Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ,Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism ,Transforming Growth Factor beta2/metabolism ,Immune System Phenomena::Complement Activation [PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES] ,Collagen ,Fibronectins/metabolism ,Retinal Pigments ,órganos de los sentidos::ojo::epitelio pigmentado ocular::epitelio pigmentado de la retina [ANATOMÍA] ,Degeneració macular ,fenómenos fisiológicos celulares::transdiferenciación celular::transición epiteliomesenquimatosa [FENÓMENOS Y PROCESOS] - Abstract
Background We previously reported higher plasma levels of complement fragments C3a and C5a in neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (nAMD) patients with macular fibrosis. This study aimed to understand whether complement activation contributes to the development of macular fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms involved. Methods Complement activation was blocked using a C5 neutralizing antibody (BB5.1) in C57BL/6J mice after induction of subretinal fibrosis using the two-stage laser protocol. Fibrotic lesions were examined 10 days after the 2nd laser through fundus examination and immunohistochemistry. The expression of C5aR in fibrotic lesions and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cultures were examined by confocal microscopy. Primary murine RPE cells were treated with C3a or C5a (10–100 ng/mL) or TGF-β2 (10 ng/mL). Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed through various readouts. The expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin, α-SMA, Slug, ERK/AKT and pSMAD2/3 were determined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Collagen contraction and wound-healing assays were used as functional readouts of EMT. The production of IL-6, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and VEGF by RPE cells were determined by ELISA. PMX53 was used to block C5aR in RPE cultures and in vivo in mice with subretinal fibrosis. Results Extensive C5b-9 deposition was detected at the site of subretinal fibrosis. BB5.1 treatment completely abrogated complement activation and significantly reduced subretinal fibrosis. C5aR was detected in RPE and infiltrating MHC-II+ cells in subretinal fibrosis. In vitro, RPE cells constitutively express C5/C5a and C5aR, and their expression was increased by TGF-β2 treatment. C5a but not C3a increased fibronectin, α-SMA, vimentin and Slug expression, and decreased E-cadherin expression in RPE cells. C5a treatment also increased the contractility and migration of RPE cells and enhanced the production of VEGF and TGF-β1/2. C5a treatment induced pSmad2/3 and pERK1/2 expression in RPE cells and this was blocked by PMX53. PMX53 treatment significantly reduced sodium fluorescein leakage in the subretinal fibrosis model, while collagen-I+ lesions only mildly reduced. Conclusions Complement activation is critically involved in the development of subretinal fibrosis, partially through C5a–C5aR-mediated EMT in RPE cells. Targeting complement activation rather than C5a may be a novel approach for the management of macular fibrosis.
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- 2022
30. Who’s afraid of genetic tests?: An assessment of Singapore’s public attitudes and changes in attitudes after taking a genetic test
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Ross Cheung, Shreshtha Jolly, Manoj Vimal, Hie Lim Kim, Ian McGonigle, School of Social Sciences, Asian School of the Environment, School of Biological Sciences, and Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences and Engineering (SCELSE)
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Singapore ,Health (social science) ,Genetic testing ,R723-726 ,Medical philosophy. Medical ethics ,Health Policy ,Research ,Precision medicine ,General [Social sciences] ,Fear ,Bioethics ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Attitude ,Public attitudes ,Humans ,Genetic Testing ,Biological Specimen Banks - Abstract
Background As a consequence of precision medicine initiatives, genomic technologies have rapidly spread around the world, raising questions about genetic privacy and the ethics of data sharing. Previous scholarship in bioethics and science and technology studies has made clear that different nations have varying expectations about trust, transparency, and public reason in relation to emerging technologies and their governance. The key aims of this article are to assess genetic literacy, perceptions of genetic testing, privacy concerns, and governing norms amongst the Singapore population by collecting surveys. Methods This study investigated genetic literacy and broad public attitudes toward genetic tests in Singapore with an online public survey (n = 560). To assess potential changes in attitudes following receipt of results from a genetic test, we also surveyed undergraduate students who underwent a genetic screen as part of a university class before and after they received their test results (n = 25). Results Public participants showed broad support for the use of genetic tests; scored an average of 48.9% in genetic literacy; and expressed privacy concerns over data sharing and a desire for control over their genetic data. After taking a genetic test and receiving genetic test results, students reported less fear of genetic tests while other attitudes did not change significantly. Conclusion These findings highlight the potential of genetic education and active engagement with genetic testing to increase support and participation in genomic projects, PM, and biobanking initiatives; and they suggest that data privacy protections could potentially reduce discrimination by giving participants control over who can access their data. More specifically, these findings and the dataset we provide may be helpful in formulating culturally sensitive education programs and regulations concerning genomic technologies and data privacy.
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- 2022
31. Confirmed presence of aedes (rusticoidus) refiki Medschid, 1928 in a continental dry Mediterranean peri-urban environment in south-central Spain
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Casades-Marti, Laia, Frias, Mario, Delacour, Sarah, Ruiz-Fons, Francisco, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, [Casades-Marti, Laia] Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, IREC CSIC UCLM JCCM, Hlth & Biotechnol SaBio Grp, Ciudad Real, Spain, [Ruiz-Fons, Francisco] Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, IREC CSIC UCLM JCCM, Hlth & Biotechnol SaBio Grp, Ciudad Real, Spain, [Frias, Mario] Univ Cordoba, Infect Dis Unit, Inst Maimonides Invest Biomed Cordoba IMIBIC, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain, [Frias, Mario] Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBERINFEC, ISCIII, CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain, [Delacour, Sarah] Univ Zaragoza, Dept Patol Anim, Fac Vet, Zaragoza, Spain, Spanish Ministry for the Science and Innovation (MCI), European Social Fund (ESF, EC), MCI, ESF, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain, CIBER -Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and Union Europea -NextGenerationEU
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Aegypti ,Aedes ,Albopictus ,parasitic diseases ,Scarce ,Peri-urban ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Peri‑urban ,Mediterranean ,Vector competence ,Barcoding - Abstract
[Background] The ‘snow-melt mosquito’ aedes (rusticoidus) refiki is a rare species with a wide distribution in Europe that is usually defined as an aggressive mosquito for mammals, including humans. During a mosquito survey in a peri-urban area in south-central mainland Spain, adult Ae. refiki females were captured and identified by morphological traits. The presence of this species of mosquito has never been molecularly confirmed under continental dry Mediterranean climatic influence with scarce number of days with snow on soil. The aim of this study was to confirm by amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region., [Results] We also successfully amplified and typed the species molecularly by COI and ITS2 regions. The peri-urban area where Ae. refiki was found contrasts with the reported cold, humid and snowy environments required by the species to breed., [Conclusions] This finding suggests that the species is already adapted to continental dry Mediterranean environments, questioning whether it is a truly stenotopic species of cold snowy environments., We acknowledge funding by the Spanish Ministry for the Science and Innovation (MCI) and the European Social Fund (ESF, EC) through projects E-RTA-2015–00002-C02-02 and CGL2017-89866-R. LCM acknowledges funding by MCI, ESF and the University of Castilla-La Mancha through project PEJ2018-003155-A. MF is recipient of postdoctoral perfection grants by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CD18/00091). This research was supported by CIBER -Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red- (CB 2021), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Unión Europea – NextGenerationEU.
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- 2022
32. Transposon-induced epigenetic silencing in the X chromosome as a novel form of dmrt1 expression regulation during sex determination in the fighting fish
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Le Wang, Fei Sun, Zi Yi Wan, Zituo Yang, Yi Xuan Tay, May Lee, Baoqing Ye, Yanfei Wen, Zining Meng, Bin Fan, Yuzer Alfiko, Yubang Shen, Francesc Piferrer, Axel Meyer, Manfred Schartl, Gen Hua Yue, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), School of Biological Sciences, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore
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Male ,X Chromosome ,Physiology ,QH301-705.5 ,Teleost ,Plant Science ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Epigenetic regulation ,Structural Biology ,ddc:570 ,Teleost, Sex determination, dmrt1, Transposon, Epigenetic regulation, Sex reversal ,Animals ,Biology (General) ,Transposon ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fishes ,Biological sciences [Science] ,Sex Determination ,Cell Biology ,Sex Determination Processes ,Sex determination ,Sex reversal ,Female ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Transcription Factors ,Research Article ,Developmental Biology ,Biotechnology ,dmrt1 - Abstract
16 pages, 6 figures, supplementary Information https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-021-01205-y.-- Availability of data and materials: Sequences used for RAD, RNA, and genome sequencing are achieved in the DDBJ Sequencing Read Archive (SRA) database under BioProject ID: PRJDB7253- PRJDB7255 [23, 88], Background. Fishes are the one of the most diverse groups of animals with respect to their modes of sex determination, providing unique models for uncovering the evolutionary and molecular mechanisms underlying sex determination and reversal. Here, we have investigated how sex is determined in a species of both commercial and ecological importance, the Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens. Results. We conducted association mapping on four commercial and two wild populations of B. splendens. In three of the four commercial populations, the master sex determining (MSD) locus was found to be located in a region of ~ 80 kb on LG2 which harbours five protein coding genes, including dmrt1, a gene involved in male sex determination in different animal taxa. In these fish, dmrt1 shows a male-biased gonadal expression from undifferentiated stages to adult organs and the knockout of this gene resulted in ovarian development in XY genotypes. Genome sequencing of XX and YY genotypes identified a transposon, drbx1, inserted into the fourth intron of the X-linked dmrt1 allele. Methylation assays revealed that epigenetic changes induced by drbx1 spread out to the promoter region of dmrt1. In addition, drbx1 being inserted between two closely linked cis-regulatory elements reduced their enhancer activities. Thus, epigenetic changes, induced by drbx1, contribute to the reduced expression of the X-linked dmrt1 allele, leading to female development. This represents a previously undescribed solution in animals relying on dmrt1 function for sex determination. Differentiation between the X and Y chromosomes is limited to a small region of ~ 200 kb surrounding the MSD gene. Recombination suppression spread slightly out of the SD locus. However, this mechanism was not found in the fourth commercial stock we studied, or in the two wild populations analysed, suggesting that it originated recently during domestication. Conclusions. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the role of epigenetic regulation of dmrt1 in sex determination and turnover of SD systems and suggest that fighting fish are a suitable model to study the initial stages of sex chromosome evolution, This study was supported by the internal funding of the Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
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- 2022
33. Multiple-trait analyses improved the accuracy of genomic prediction and the power of genome-wide association of productivity and climate change-adaptive traits in lodgepole pine
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Eduardo P. Cappa, Charles Chen, Jennifer G. Klutsch, Jaime Sebastian-Azcona, Blaise Ratcliffe, Xiaojing Wei, Letitia Da Ros, Aziz Ullah, Yang Liu, Andy Benowicz, Shane Sadoway, Shawn D. Mansfield, Nadir Erbilgin, Barb R. Thomas, Yousry A. El-Kassaby, Genome Canada, University of Alberta, Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, Forest Resource Improvement Association of Alberta, National Science Foundation (US), Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (US), Cappa, Eduardo P. [0000-0002-6234-2263], Chen, Charles [0000-0002-2203-0433], Klutsch, Jennifer [0000-0001-8839-972X], Sebastián Azcona, Jaime [0000-0003-2819-1825], Ratcliffe, Blaise [0000-0003-4469-2929], Da Ros, Letitia [0000-0002-9988-4971], Mansfield, S.D. [0000-0002-0175-554X], Cappa, Eduardo P., Chen, Charles, Klutsch, Jennifer, Sebastián Azcona, Jaime, Ratcliffe, Blaise, Da Ros, Letitia, and Mansfield, S.D.
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Genómica ,Climate Change ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Quantitative genetic parameters ,Single- and multiple-trait mixed models ,Trees ,Genetics ,Parámetros Genéticos ,Análisis de Asociación del Genoma Completo ,Genomic prediction ,Lodgepole pine ,Models, Genetic ,Quantitative Genetic Parameters ,Genome Wide Association Analysis ,Genomics ,Pinus ,Plant Breeding ,Phenotype ,Genomic Prediction ,Cambio Climático ,Genetic Parameters ,Parámetros Genéticos Cuantitativos ,Genome wide association analyses ,Predicción Genómica ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Biotechnology - Abstract
20 páginas.- 7 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 93 referencias.- The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08747-7, Background Genomic prediction (GP) and genome-wide association (GWA) analyses are currently being employed to accelerate breeding cycles and to identify alleles or genomic regions of complex traits in forest trees species. Here, 1490 interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud. var. latifolia Engelm) trees from four open-pollinated progeny trials were genotyped with 25,099 SNPs, and phenotyped for 15 growth, wood quality, pest resistance, drought tolerance, and defense chemical (monoterpenes) traits. The main objectives of this study were to: (1) identify genetic markers associated with these traits and determine their genetic architecture, and to compare the marker detected by single- (ST) and multiple-trait (MT) GWA models; (2) evaluate and compare the accuracy and control of bias of the genomic predictions for these traits underlying different ST and MT parametric and non-parametric GP methods. GWA, ST and MT analyses were compared using a linear transformation of genomic breeding values from the respective genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) model. GP, ST and MT parametric and non-parametric (Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces, RKHS) models were compared in terms of prediction accuracy (PA) and control of bias. Results MT-GWA analyses identified more significant associations than ST. Some SNPs showed potential pleiotropic effects. Averaging across traits, PA from the studied ST-GP models did not differ significantly from each other, with generally a slight superiority of the RKHS method. MT-GP models showed significantly higher PA (and lower bias) than the ST models, being generally the PA (bias) of the RKHS approach significantly higher (lower) than the GBLUP. Conclusions The power of GWA and the accuracy of GP were improved when MT models were used in this lodgepole pine population. Given the number of GP and GWA models fitted and the traits assessed across four progeny trials, this work has produced the most comprehensive empirical genomic study across any lodgepole pine population to date., This work was funded by Genome Canada (https://www.genomecanada. ca/) RES-FOR ID 10207, grants 16R75036 to YAE, RES0034654 to NE, and RES0031330 to BRT; Genome Alberta (https://genomealberta.ca/) RES-FORID: LRF, grants RES0034664 to NE, 16R10106 to SDM, and RES0034657 to BRT; University of Alberta/Faculty ALES/Dept RR (https://www.ualberta.ca/index. html) grant RES0034569 to BRT; Alberta Innovates – BioSolutions (https://albertainnovates.ca/) grants RES0035327 to NE, 16R75221 to SDM, and RES0028979 to BRT; Genome BC (https://www.genomebc.ca/) grants 16R75421 to YAE and 16R75546 to SDM; Forest Resource Improvement Association of Alberta (FRIAA, https://friaa.ab.ca/) grants RES0037021 and RES0036845 to BRT; National Science Foundation (NSF, tps://www.nsf.gov/) grants MRI-1531128, ACI-1548562, and ACI-1445606 to CC; The Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery (XSEDE, ttps://xras.xsede.org/public/requests/29304-XSEDE-MCB180177) grant MCB180177 to CC. The funding bodies played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript
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- 2022
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34. Group problem management plus (PM+) to decrease psychological distress among Syrian refugees in Turkey: a pilot randomised controlled trial
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Acartürk, Ceren, Uygun, Ersin, İlkkurşun, Zeynep, Yurtbakan, Taylan, Kurt, Gülşah, Adam Troian, Jais, Şenay, İbrahim, Bryant, R., Cuijpers, P., Kiselev, N., Mcdaid, D., Morina, Njomeza, Nişancı, Zehra Nuray, Park, Alison L., Sijbrandij, M., Ventevogel, Peter, Fuhr, Daniela C., Acartürk, Zeynep Ceren (ORCID 0000-0001-7093-1554 & YÖK ID 39271), İlkkurşun, Zeynep, Kurt, Gülşah, Uygun, E., Yurtbakan, T., Adam Troian, J., Şenay, I, Bryant, R., Cuijpers, P., Kiselev, N., McDaid, D., Morina, N., Nişancı, Z., Park, A. L., Sijbrandij, M., Ventevogel, P., Fuhr, D. C., College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Graduate School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center, APH - Global Health, and APH - Mental Health
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Psychiatry ,Randomised controlled trial ,Refugees ,Syria ,Turkey ,BF Psychology ,Research ,RC435-571 ,Common mental health problems ,Pilot Projects ,Pilot ,Feasibility ,Group intervention ,Task sharing ,Psychological Distress ,JV Colonies and colonization. Emigration and immigration. International migration ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,RA Public aspects of medicine ,Humans ,Single-Blind Method - Abstract
Background: Syrian refugees resettled in Turkey show a high prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is an effective psychological intervention delivered by non-specialist health care providers which has shown to decrease psychological distress among people exposed to adversity. In this single-blind pilot randomised controlled trial, we examined the methodological trial procedures of Group PM+ (gPM+) among Syrian refugees with psychological distress in Istanbul,Turkey, and assessed feasibility, acceptability, perceived impact and the potential cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Methods: refugees with psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10 > 15) and impaired psychosocial functioning (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS 2.0> 16) were recruited from the community and randomised to either gPM+ and enhanced care as usual (E-CAU) (n = 24) or E-CAU only (n = 22). gPM+ comprised of five weekly group sessions with eight to ten participants per group. Acceptability and feasibility of the intervention were assessed through semi-structured interviews. The primary outcome at 3-month follow-up was symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25). Psychosocial functioning (WHODAS 2.0), symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and self-identified problems (Psychological Outcomes Profiles, PSYCHLOPS) were included as secondary outcomes. A modified version of the Client Service Receipt Inventory was used to document changes in the costs of health service utilisation as well as productivity losses. Results: there were no barriers experienced in recruiting study participants and in randomising them into the respective study arms. Retention in gPM+ was high (75%). Qualitative analyses of the interviews with the participants showed that Syrian refugees had a positive view on the content, implementation and format of gPM+. No adverse events were reported during the implementation. The study was not powered to detect an effect. No significant difference between gPM+ and E-CAU group on primary and secondary outcome measures, or in economic impacts were found. Conclusions: gPM+ delivered by non-specialist peer providers seemed to be an acceptable, feasible and safe intervention for Syrian refugees in Turkey with elevated levels of psychological distress. This pilot RCT sets the stage for a fully powered RCT., European Union (EU); Horizon 2020; Research and Innovation Programme Societal Challenges
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- 2022
35. Investment case for malaria elimination in South Africa: a financing model for resource mobilization to accelerate regional malaria elimination
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Aparna Kollipara, Mandisi Moya, Katie Fox, Yogan Pillay, Joseph D Njau, Ryleen Balawanth, Devanand Moonasar, Lisa J. White, Sheetal Silal, Anthony Yuen, Department of Statistical Sciences, and Faculty of Science
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Resource mobilization ,medicine.medical_specialty ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,law.invention ,South Africa ,law ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Return on investment ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Disease Eradication ,Malaria, Falciparum ,Finance ,Cost–benefit analysis ,business.industry ,Research ,Public health ,medicine.disease ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Models, Economic ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Geography ,Source reduction ,Parasitology ,business ,Malaria - Abstract
BackgroundMalaria continues to be a public health problem in South Africa. While the disease is mainly confined to three of the nine provinces, most local transmissions occur because of importation of cases from neighbouring countries. The government of South Africa has reiterated its commitment to eliminate malaria within its borders. To support the achievement of this goal, this study presents a cost–benefit analysis of malaria elimination in South Africa through simulating different scenarios aimed at achieving malaria elimination within a 10-year period.MethodsA dynamic mathematical transmission model was developed to estimate the costs and benefits of malaria elimination in South Africa between 2018 and 2030. The model simulated a range of malaria interventions and estimated their impact on the transmission ofPlasmodium falciparummalaria between 2018 and 2030 in the three endemic provinces of Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal. Local financial, economic, and epidemiological data were used to calibrate the transmission model.ResultsBased on the three primary simulated scenarios: Business as Usual, Accelerate and Source Reduction, the total economic burden was estimated as follows: for the Business as Usual scenario, the total economic burden of malaria in South Africa was R 3.69 billion (USD 223.3 million) over an 11-year period (2018–2029). The economic burden of malaria was estimated at R4.88 billion (USD 295.5 million) and R6.34 billion (~ USD 384 million) for the Accelerate and Source Reduction scenarios, respectively. Costs and benefits are presented in midyear 2020 values. Malaria elimination was predicted to occur in all three provinces if the Source Reduction strategy was adopted to help reduce malaria rates in southern Mozambique. This could be achieved by limiting annual local incidence in South Africa to less than 1 indigenous case with a prediction of this goal being achieved by the year 2026.ConclusionsMalaria elimination in South Africa is feasible and economically worthwhile with a guaranteed positive return on investment (ROI). Findings of this study show that through securing funding for the proposed malaria interventions in the endemic areas of South Africa and neighbouring Mozambique, national elimination could be within reach in an 8-year period.
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- 2021
36. Phenotypic plasticity, canalisation and developmental stability of Triatoma infestans wings: effects of a sublethal application of a pyrethroid insecticide
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Julieta Nattero, Ricardo E. Gürtler, Gastón Mougabure-Cueto, Vincent Debat, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas [Buenos Aires] (CIPEIN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
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Entomology ,VECTOR CONTROL ,Phenotypic plasticity ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,WING SHAPE ,Fluctuating asymmetry ,Insecticide Resistance ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pyrethrins ,Wing size ,Wings, Animal ,Triatoma ,0303 health sciences ,Pyrethroid ,Adaptation, Physiological ,3. Good health ,WING SIZE ,Infectious Diseases ,Wing shape ,Female ,CANALISATION ,Developmental instability ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,Biology ,Insect Control ,PYRETHROID ,03 medical and health sciences ,Triatoma infestans ,Genetic variation ,parasitic diseases ,PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY ,Animals ,Chagas Disease ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,030304 developmental biology ,Wing ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Research ,biology.organism_classification ,Vector control ,Insect Vectors ,Deltamethrin ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,Canalisation ,Sublethal doses ,SUBLETHAL DOSES ,Parasitology ,DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY - Abstract
Background: Triatomine control campaigns have traditionally consisted of spraying the inside of houses with pyrethroid insecticides. However, exposure to sublethal insecticide doses after the initial application is a common occurrence and may have phenotypic consequences for survivors. Here, using Triatoma infestans (the main vector of Chagas disease in the Southern Cone of South America) as a model species, we quantified the effects of exposure to a sublethal dose of pyrethroid insecticide on wing morphology. We tested if the treatment (i) induced a plastic effect (change in the character mean); (ii) altered environmental canalisation (higher individual variation within genotypes); (iii) altered genetic canalisation (higher variation among genotypes); and (iv) altered developmental stability (higher fluctuating asymmetry [FA]). Methods: Each of 25 full-sib families known to be susceptible to pyrethroid insecticides were split in two groups: one to be treated with a sublethal dose of deltamethrin (insecticide-treated group) and the other to be treated with pure acetone (control group). Wings of the emerging adults were used in a landmark-based geometric morphometry analysis to extract size and shape measurements. Average differences among treatments were measured. Levels of variation among families, among individuals within families and among sides within individuals were computed and compared among treatments. Results: Wing size and shape were affected by a sublethal dose of deltamethrin. The treated insects had larger wings and a more variable wing size and shape than control insects. For both wing size and shape, genetic variation was higher in treated individuals. Individual variations and variations in FA were also greater in deltamethrin-treated insects than in control ones for all full-sib families; however, the patterns of shape variation associated with genetic variation, individual variation and FA were different. Conclusions: Insects exposed to a sublethal dose of deltamethrin presented larger, less symmetrical and less canalised wings. The insecticide treatment jointly impaired developmental stability and genetic and environmental canalisation. The divergent patterns of shape variation suggest that the related developmental buffering processes differed at least partially. The morphological modifications induced by a single sublethal exposure to pyrethroids early in life may impinge on subsequent flight performance and consequently affect the dynamics of house invasion and reinfestation, and the effectiveness of triatomine control operations. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. Fil: Nattero, Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Mougabure Cueto, Gastón Adolfo. Ministerio de Salud. Dirección de Enfermedades Transmisibles por Vectores. Centro de Referencia de Vectores; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Debat, Vincent. École Pratique des Hautes Études Sorbonne; Francia. Université des Antilles; Francia. Museum National D'histoire Naturelle. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité.; Francia Fil: Gurtler, Ricardo Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentina
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- 2021
37. Myocardial involvement in children with post-COVID multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance based multicenter international study—the CARDOVID registry
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Florence A. Aeschlimann, Nilanjana Misra, Tarique Hussein, Elena Panaioli, Jonathan H. Soslow, Kimberly Crum, Jeremy M. Steele, Steffen Huber, Simona Marcora, Paolo Brambilla, Supriya Jain, Maria Navallas, Valentina Giuli, Beate Rücker, Felix Angst, Mehul D. Patel, Arshid Azarine, Pablo Caro-Domínguez, Annachiara Cavaliere, Giovanni Di Salvo, Francesca Ferroni, Gabriella Agnoletti, Laurent Bonnemains, Duarte Martins, Nathalie Boddaert, James Wong, Kuberan Pushparajah, Francesca Raimondi, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT] ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Research ,COVID-19 ,Contrast Media ,MIS-C ,Gadolinium ,Acute myocarditis ,Children ,CMR ,SARS Cov-2 infection ,Child ,Humans ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Registries ,Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ,Myocarditis ,RC666-701 ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Background Recent evidence shows an association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and a severe inflammatory syndrome in children. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data about myocardial injury in children are limited to small cohorts. The aim of this multicenter, international registry is to describe clinical and cardiac characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 using CMR so as to better understand the real extent of myocardial damage in this vulnerable cohort. Methods and results Hundred-eleven patients meeting the World Health Organization criteria for MIS-C associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), having clinical cardiac involvement and having received CMR imaging scan were included from 17 centers. Median age at disease onset was 10.0 years (IQR 7.0–13.8). The majority of children had COVID-19 serology positive (98%) with 27% of children still having both, positive serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CMR was performed at a median of 28 days (19–47) after onset of symptoms. Twenty out of 111 (18%) patients had CMR criteria for acute myocarditis (as defined by the Lake Louise Criteria) with 18/20 showing subepicardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). CMR myocarditis was significantly associated with New York Heart Association class IV (p = 0.005, OR 6.56 (95%-CI 1.87–23.00)) and the need for mechanical support (p = 0.039, OR 4.98 (95%-CI 1.18–21.02)). At discharge, 11/111 (10%) patients still had left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Conclusion No CMR evidence of myocardial damage was found in most of our MIS-C cohort. Nevertheless, acute myocarditis is a possible manifestation of MIS-C associated with SARS-CoV-2 with CMR evidence of myocardial necrosis in 18% of our cohort. CMR may be an important diagnostic tool to identify a subset of patients at risk for cardiac sequelae and more prone to myocardial damage. Clinical trial registration: The study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT04455347, registered on 01/07/2020, retrospectively registered.
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- 2021
38. Congruent microbiome signatures in fibrosis-prone autoimmune diseases
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Plichta, Damian R., Somani, Juhi, Pichaud, Matthieu, Wallace, Zachary S., Fernandes, Ana D., Perugino, Cory A., Lähdesmäki, Harri, Stone, John H., Vlamakis, Hera, Chung, Daniel C., Khanna, Dinesh, Pillai, Shiv, Xavier, Ramnik J., Broad Institute, Professorship Lähdesmäki Harri, Novartis USA, Massachusetts General Hospital, Computer Science Professors, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
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Gut microbiome ,integumentary system ,IgG4-RD ,Systemic sclerosis ,Autoimmunity ,skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
Funding Information: SP and RJX were supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) grant U19 AI110495. JHS, CAP, ZSW, and ADF were supported by NIAID grant UM1 AI144295. DK was supported by NIAID grant UM1 AI110557 to the University of Michigan and National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases grant K24 AR063120. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. Background: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are rare autoimmune diseases characterized by the presence of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells in the blood as well as inflammation and fibrosis in various organs, but they have no established etiologies. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, the gut microbiome might encode disease-triggering or disease-sustaining factors. Methods: The gut microbiomes from IgG4-RD and SSc patients as well as healthy individuals with no recent antibiotic treatment were studied by metagenomic sequencing of stool DNA. De novo assembly-based taxonomic and functional characterization, followed by association and accessory gene set enrichment analysis, were applied to describe microbiome changes associated with both diseases. Results: Microbiomes of IgG4-RD and SSc patients distinctly separated from those of healthy controls: numerous opportunistic pathogenic Clostridium and typically oral Streptococcus species were significantly overabundant, while Alistipes, Bacteroides, and butyrate-producing species were depleted in the two diseases compared to healthy controls. Accessory gene content analysis in these species revealed an enrichment of Th17-activating Eggerthella lenta strains in IgG4-RD and SSc and a preferential colonization of a homocysteine-producing strain of Clostridium bolteae in SSc. Overabundance of the classical mevalonate pathway, hydroxyproline dehydratase, and fibronectin-binding protein in disease microbiomes reflects potential functional differences in host immune recognition and extracellular matrix utilization associated with fibrosis. Strikingly, the majority of species that were differentially abundant in IgG4-RD and SSc compared to controls showed the same directionality in both diseases. Compared with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, the gut microbiomes of IgG4-RD and SSc showed similar signatures; in contrast, the most differentially abundant taxa were not the facultative anaerobes consistently identified in inflammatory bowel diseases, suggesting the microbial signatures of IgG4-RD and SSc do not result from mucosal inflammation and decreased anaerobism. Conclusions: These results provide an initial characterization of gut microbiome ecology in fibrosis-prone IgG4-RD and SSc and reveal microbial functions that offer insights into the pathophysiology of these rare diseases.
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- 2021
39. A review on the potential of filamentous fungi for microbial self-healing of concrete
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Antonielle Vieira Monclaro, Simon Vandelook, Hubert Rahier, Aurélie Van Wylick, Elise Elsacker, Eveline Peeters, David Cannella, Lars De Laet, Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Microbiology, Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Materials and Chemistry, and Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science
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Biomineralization ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Fungi ,Reinforcement corrosion ,Cell Biology ,Structural degradation ,Review ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Self-healing ,Biochemical engineering ,Self-healing concrete ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Calcium carbonate ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Concrete is the most used construction material worldwide due to its abundant availability and inherent ease of manufacturing and application. However, the material bears several drawbacks such as the high susceptibility for crack formation, leading to reinforcement corrosion and structural degradation. Extensive research has therefore been performed on the use of microorganisms for biologically mediated self-healing of concrete by means of CaCO3 precipitation. Recently, filamentous fungi have been recognized as high-potential microorganisms for this application as their hyphae grow in an interwoven three-dimensional network which serves as nucleation site for CaCO3 precipitation to heal the crack. This potential is corroborated by the current state of the art on fungi-mediated self-healing concrete, which is not yet extensive but valuable to direct further research. In this review, we aim to broaden the perspectives on the use of fungi for concrete self-healing applications by first summarizing the major progress made in the field of microbial self-healing of concrete and then discussing pioneering work that has been done with fungi. Starting from insights and hypotheses on the types and principles of biomineralization that occur during microbial self-healing, novel potentially promising candidate species are proposed based on their abilities to promote CaCO3 formation or to survive in extreme conditions that are relevant for concrete. Additionally, an overview will be provided on the challenges, knowledge gaps and future perspectives in the field of fungi-mediated self-healing concrete.
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- 2021
40. Design of a new lyoprotectant increasing freeze-dried Lactobacillus strain survival to long-term storage
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Patrick Gervais, Audrey Jossier, Aurore Bodzen, Sébastien Dupont, Sophie Lafay, Laurent Beney, Pierre-Yves Mousset, Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Indigo Therapeutics, Procédés Microbiologiques et Biotechnologiques (PMB), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
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0106 biological sciences ,Sucrose ,Lactiplantibacillus ,Water activity ,Inulin ,Micellar casein ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Freeze-drying ,Whey ,010608 biotechnology ,Bound water ,[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,Food science ,Water content ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,Long-term storage ,0303 health sciences ,Microbial Viability ,Research ,Lyoprotectant ,biology.organism_classification ,Lactic acid ,Lactobacillus ,Freeze Drying ,chemistry ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Bacteria ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background Stabilization of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria during long-term storage is challenging for the food industry. Water activity of the lyophilizates is clearly related to the water availability and maintaining a low aw during storage allows to increase bacteria viability. The aim of this study was to achieve a low water activity after freeze-drying and subsequently during long-term storage through the design of a lyoprotectant. Indeed, for the same water content as sucrose (commonly used lyoprotectant), water activity is lower for some components such as whey, micellar casein or inulin. We hypothesized that the addition of these components in a lyoprotectant, with a higher bound water content than sucrose would improve lactobacilli strains survival to long-term storage. Therefore, in this study, 5% whey (w/v), 5% micellar casein (w/v) or 5% inulin (w/v) were added to a 5% sucrose solution (w/v) and compared with a lyoprotectant only composed of 5% sucrose (w/v). Protective effect of the four lyoprotectants was assessed measuring Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNCM I-4459 survival and water activity after freeze-drying and during 9 months storage at 25 °C. Results The addition whey and inulin were not effective in increasing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNCM I-4459 survival to long-term-storage (4 log reduction at 9 months storage). However, the addition of micellar casein to sucrose increased drastically the protective effect of the lyoprotectant (3.6 log i.e. 0.4 log reduction at 9 months storage). Comparing to a lyoprotectant containing whey or inulin, a lyoprotectant containing micellar casein resulted in a lower water activity after freeze-drying and its maintenance during storage (0.13 ± 0.05). Conclusions The addition of micellar casein to a sucrose solution, contrary to the addition of whey and inulin, resulted in a higher bacterial viability to long-term storage. Indeed, for the same water content as the others lyoprotectants, a significant lower water activity was obtained with micellar casein during storage. Probably due to high bound water content of micellar casein, less water could be available for chemical degradation reactions, responsible for bacterial damages during long-term storage. Therefore, the addition of this component to a sucrose solution could be an effective strategy for dried bacteria stabilization during long-term storage.
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- 2021
41. Symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection in a lupus patient treated with hydroxychloroquine: a case report
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Olivier Goldberg, Piet Maes, Tine Anthierens, Sigi Van den Wijngaert, Ingrid Wybo, Astrid Muyldermans, Oriane Soetens, Tony Wawina-Bokalanga, Denis Pierard, Magali Bartiaux, Clinical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Supporting clinical sciences, Emergency Medicine, Microbiology and Infection Control, and Clinical sciences
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Lupus ,Case Report ,medicine.disease_cause ,infectious diseases ,COVID-19/drug therapy ,Antiviral Agents ,Serology ,Immune system ,Chloroquine ,Immunology and Microbiology(all) ,Case report ,medicine ,Humans ,Coronavirus ,First episode ,Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ,Lupus erythematosus ,Systemic lupus erythematosus ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Hydroxychloroquine ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ,Reinfection ,Immunology ,Emergency medicine ,Medicine ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been used for hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients because of their antiviral and anti-inflammatory function. However, little research has been published on the impact of the immunomodulatory effect of (hydroxy)chloroquine on humoral immunity. Case presentation We report a case of symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection, diagnosed 141 days after the first episode, in a 56-year-old man of Black African origin treated with hydroxychloroquine for lupus erythematosus. No anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgG antibodies could be detected 127 days after the initial episode of coronavirus disease 2019. Conclusions The treatment with hydroxychloroquine probably explains the decreased immune response with negative serology and subsequent reinfection in our patient. As humoral immunity is crucial to fight a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, the use of (hydroxy)chloroquine is likely to have a detrimental effect on the spread of the virus. This case emphasizes that more needs to be learned about the role of antibodies in protecting against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (re)infection and the role of (hydroxy)chloroquine on humoral immunity.
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- 2021
42. Protocols for cognitive enhancement. A user manual for Brain Health Services-part 5 of 6
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Brioschi Guevara, Andrea, Bieler, Melanie, Altomare, Daniele, Berthier, Marcelo, Csajka, Chantal, Dautricourt, Sophie, Démonet, Jean-François, Dodich, Alessandra, Frisoni, Giovanni B., Miniussi, Carlo, Molinuevo, José Luis, Ribaldi, Federica, Scheltens, Philip, Chételat, Gael, [Brioschi Guevara,A, Bieler,M, Démonet,JF] Centre Leenaards de la Mémoire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Altomare,D, Frisoni,GB, Ribaldi,F] Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. [Altomare,D, Ribaldi,F] Memory Clinic, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. [Berthier,M] Unit of Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain. [Berthier,M] Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga – IBIMA, Malaga, Spain. [Csajka,C] Center for Research and Innovation in clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Csajka,C] School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. [Csajka,C] Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland. [Dautricourt,S, Chételat,G] Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND 'Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders', Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, France. [Dodich,A, Miniussi,C] Center for Mind/ Brain Sciences – CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy. [Molinuevo,JL] Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain. [Ribaldi,F] Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Neuroimaging and Epidemiology (LANE), Saint John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy. [Ribaldi,F] Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. [Scheltens,P] Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit., This paper was the product of a workshop funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation entitled 'Dementia Prevention Services' (grant number: IZSEZ0_193593). GBF received funding by: the EU-EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiatives 2 Joint Undertaking (IMI 2 JU) 'European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia consortium' (EPAD, grant agreement number: 115736) and 'Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease' (AMYPAD, grant agreement number: 115952), and the Swiss National Science Foundation: 'Brain connectivity and metacognition in persons with subjective cognitive decline (COSCODE): correlation with clinical features and in vivo neuropathology' (grant number: 320030_182772).
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Mindfulness meditation ,Acondicionamiento físico ,Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Central Nervous System Agents::Psychotropic Drugs::Antidepressive Agents [Medical Subject Headings] ,Drugs ,Anatomy::Nervous System::Central Nervous System::Brain [Medical Subject Headings] ,Cognitive intervention ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,Brain health service ,Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Hydrocarbons::Hydrocarbons, Cyclic::Bridged Compounds::Adamantane::Amantadine::Memantine [Medical Subject Headings] ,Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Neurologic Manifestations::Neurobehavioral Manifestations::Memory Disorders [Medical Subject Headings] ,Physical training ,Atención plena ,Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena::Social Sciences::Quality of Life [Medical Subject Headings] ,Subjective cognitive decline ,Disfunción cognitiva ,Meditación ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Clinical Protocols [Medical Subject Headings] ,Non-invasive brain stimulation ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Plants::Viridiplantae::Streptophyta::Embryophyta::Gymnosperms::Ginkgo biloba [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Esterases::Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases::Cholinesterases::Acetylcholinesterase [Medical Subject Headings] ,Cognitive enhancement - Abstract
Cognitive complaints in the absence of objective cognitive impairment, observed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), are common in old age. The first step to postpone cognitive decline is to use techniques known to improve cognition, i.e., cognitive enhancement techniques.We aimed to provide clinical recommendations to improve cognitive performance in cognitively unimpaired individuals, by using cognitive, mental, or physical training (CMPT), non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), drugs, or nutrients. We made a systematic review of CMPT studies based on the GRADE method rating the strength of evidence.CMPT have clinically relevant effects on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes. The quality of evidence supporting the improvement of outcomes following a CMPT was high for metamemory; moderate for executive functions, attention, global cognition, and generalization in daily life; and low for objective memory, subjective memory, motivation, mood, and quality of life, as well as a transfer to other cognitive functions. Regarding specific interventions, CMPT based on repeated practice (e.g., video games or mindfulness, but not physical training) improved attention and executive functions significantly, while CMPT based on strategic learning significantly improved objective memory.We found encouraging evidence supporting the potential effect of NIBS in improving memory performance, and reducing the perception of self-perceived memory decline in SCD. Yet, the high heterogeneity of stimulation protocols in the different studies prevent the issuing of clear-cut recommendations for implementation in a clinical setting. No conclusive argument was found to recommend any of the main pharmacological cognitive enhancement drugs ("smart drugs", acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, antidepressant) or herbal extracts (Panax ginseng, Gingko biloba, and Bacopa monnieri) in people without cognitive impairment.Altogether, this systematic review provides evidence for CMPT to improve cognition, encouraging results for NIBS although more studies are needed, while it does not support the use of drugs or nutrients. Yes
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- 2021
43. Interrogating the World Bank’s role in global health knowledge production, governance, and finance
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Ryan Whitacre, Mark Hellowell, Sumegha Asthana, Alexis Walker, Martin Gorsky, Felix Stein, Francisco Songane, Genevie Fernandes, Patrick Kadama, Devi Sridhar, Yusra Ribhi Shawar, Janelle Winters, Marlee Tichenor, Katherine Kenny, Jesse B. Bump, Jean Paul Gaudillière, Katerini T. Storeng, CERMES3 - Centre de recherche Médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société (CERMES3 - UMR 8211 / U988 / UM 7), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Durham University, University of Iowa [Iowa City], University of Oslo (UiO), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of Edinburgh, The University of Sydney, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), Graduate Institute of International and Development studies (IHEID), and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Financial Management ,Global health ,Review ,Epistemology ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Translational Research, Biomedical ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Political science ,medicine ,International health policy ,World Bank ,Healthcare Financing ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Health policy ,Finance ,Governance ,Health economics ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,Public health ,Corporate governance ,Health Policy ,1. No poverty ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health services research ,COVID-19 ,16. Peace & justice ,Global governance ,Coronavirus ,Banking, Personal ,Power ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,0305 other medical science ,International development ,business - Abstract
Background In the nearly half century since it began lending for population projects, the World Bank has become one of the largest financiers of global health projects and programs, a powerful voice in shaping health agendas in global governance spaces, and a mass producer of evidentiary knowledge for its preferred global health interventions. How can social scientists interrogate the role of the World Bank in shaping ‘global health’ in the current era? Main body As a group of historians, social scientists, and public health officials with experience studying the effects of the institution’s investment in health, we identify three challenges to this research. First, a future research agenda requires recognizing that the Bank is not a monolith, but rather has distinct inter-organizational groups that have shaped investment and discourse in complicated, and sometimes contradictory, ways. Second, we must consider how its influence on health policy and investment has changed significantly over time. Third, we must analyze its modes of engagement with other institutions within the global health landscape, and with the private sector. The unique relationships between Bank entities and countries that shape health policy, and the Bank’s position as a center of research, permit it to have a formative influence on health economics as applied to international development. Addressing these challenges, we propose a future research agenda for the Bank’s influence on global health through three overlapping objects of and domains for study: knowledge-based (shaping health policy knowledge), governance-based (shaping health governance), and finance-based (shaping health financing). We provide a review of case studies in each of these categories to inform this research agenda. Conclusions As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage, and as state and non-state actors work to build more inclusive and robust health systems around the world, it is more important than ever to consider how to best document and analyze the impacts of Bank’s financial and technical investments in the Global South.
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- 2021
44. Development of weight and age-based dosing of daily primaquine for radical cure of vivax malaria
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Jordi Landier, Thomas J. Peto, Frank Smithuis, Mavuto Mukaka, Mark Debackere, Walter R. J. Taylor, Lorenz von Seidlein, Arnaud Tarantola, Tran Tinh Hien, Arjen M. Dondorp, Rupam Tripura, Arantxa Roca-Feltrer, Koukeo Phommasone, Pimnara Peerawaranun, Sim Kheng, François Nosten, Nicholas J. White, Philippe Buchy, Joel Tarning, Sinoun Muth, Lek Dysoley, Soy Ty Kheang, Thuy Nguyen, Didier Menard, Ngak Song, Chy Say, Leang Rithea, Mayfong Mayxay, Kak Neeraj, Rick M. Fairhurst, Richard M. Hoglund, Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Mahidol University [Bangkok], University of Oxford, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit [Yangon, Myanmar], Mahosot Hospital [Vientiane, Laos], Amsterdam Institute for Global Health & Development [Amsterdam, The Netherlands], University of Health Sciences [Vientiane, Laos] (UHS), National Institute of Public Health [Phnom Penh, Cambodge], AQUITY Global Inc [Potomac, MD, USA], University Research Co. [Washington, MD, USA] (URC), National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control [Phnom Penh, Cambodia] (CNM), Malaria Consortium [London, UK] (MCL), MSF Belgium Cambodia Malaria Program [Phnom Penh, Cambodia], National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Keng Kang III Khan Chamkamon [Phnom Penh, Cambodia], GSK Vaccines [Singapore, Singapore], Génétique du paludisme et résistance - Malaria Genetics and Resistance, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work was partly supported by a Wellcome Innovator award (WT-iTP-2018/001), but the Wellcome Trust was not involved in any aspect of this study., Malbec, Odile, University of Oxford [Oxford], Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford]-Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
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Male ,Primaquine ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,RC955-962 ,Plasmodium vivax ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Allometric scaling ,Child ,Aged, 80 and over ,biology ,Dosing regimen ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,Adolescent ,030231 tropical medicine ,Drug Administration Schedule ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antimalarials ,Young Adult ,Animal science ,Pharmacokinetics ,Age-based dosing ,medicine ,Malaria, Vivax ,Humans ,Dosing ,Aged ,business.industry ,Research ,Weight-based dosing ,Body Weight ,Infant ,biology.organism_classification ,Target dose ,Regimen ,Vivax malaria ,Parasitology ,business - Abstract
Background In many endemic areas, Plasmodium vivax malaria is predominantly a disease of young adults and children. International recommendations for radical cure recommend fixed target doses of 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg/day of primaquine for 14 days in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase normal patients of all ages. However, for many anti-malarial drugs, including primaquine, there is evidence that children have lower exposures than adults for the same weight-adjusted dose. The aim of the study was to develop 14-day weight-based and age-based primaquine regimens against high-frequency relapsing tropical P. vivax. Methods The recommended adult target dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day (30 mg in a 60 kg patient) is highly efficacious against tropical P. vivax and was assumed to produce optimal drug exposure. Primaquine doses were calculated using allometric scaling to derive a weight-based primaquine regimen over a weight range from 5 to 100 kg. Growth curves were constructed from an anthropometric database of 53,467 individuals from the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) to define weight-for-age relationships. The median age associated with each weight was used to derive an age-based dosing regimen from the weight-based regimen. Results The proposed weight-based regimen has 5 dosing bands: (i) 5–7 kg, 5 mg, resulting in 0.71–1.0 mg/kg/day; (ii) 8–16 kg, 7.5 mg, 0.47–0.94 mg/kg/day; (iii) 17–40 kg, 15 mg, 0.38–0.88 mg/kg/day; (iv) 41–80 kg, 30 mg, 0.37–0.73 mg/kg/day; and (v) 81–100 kg, 45 mg, 0.45–0.56 mg/kg/day. The corresponding age-based regimen had 4 dosing bands: 6–11 months, 5 mg, 0.43–1.0 mg/kg/day; (ii) 1–5 years, 7.5 mg, 0.35–1.25 mg/kg/day; (iii) 6–14 years, 15 mg, 0.30–1.36 mg/kg/day; and (iv) ≥ 15 years, 30 mg, 0.35–1.07 mg/kg/day. Conclusion The proposed weight-based regimen showed less variability around the primaquine dose within each dosing band compared to the age-based regimen and is preferred. Increased dose accuracy could be achieved by additional dosing bands for both regimens. The age-based regimen might not be applicable to regions outside the GMS, which must be based on local anthropometric data. Pharmacokinetic data in small children are needed urgently to inform the proposed regimens.
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- 2021
45. Operationalising the 'One Health' approach in India: facilitators of and barriers to effective cross-sector convergence for zoonoses prevention and control
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Prashanth N. Srinivas, M. M. Chanda, R. Chandarana, J. Joshi, F. A. Asaaga, SL Hoti, Meera Anna Oommen, Bethan V. Purse, J. August, Juliette Young, Abi Tamim Vanak, T. Seshadri, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK., UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru 560 054, India, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK, Centre for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, B-25, Lajpat Nagar-2, New Delhi, India., ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka New Town, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa., DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance, Hyderabad 500034, India, Institute of Public Health, Banashankari 2nd Stage, Bangalore 560 070, India, and ICMR-National Institute for Traditional Medicine, Belgavi, Karnataka 590010, India
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medicine.medical_specialty ,health systemIndia ,030231 tropical medicine ,Acknowledgement ,Psychological intervention ,India ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,one health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pandemic ,Animals ,Humans ,Health system ,National Policy ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Disease surveillance ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Emerging infectious disease ,Public relations ,cross-sectoral convergence ,zoonoses ,One Health ,Biology and Microbiology ,Health ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,business ,rmerging infectious disease ,Research Article - Abstract
Background There is a strong policy impetus for the One Health cross-sectoral approach to address the complex challenge of zoonotic diseases, particularly in low/lower middle income countries (LMICs). Yet the implementation of this approach in LMIC contexts such as India has proven challenging, due partly to the relatively limited practical guidance and understanding on how to foster and sustain cross-sector collaborations. This study addresses this gap by exploring the facilitators of and barriers to successful convergence between the human, animal and environmental health sectors in India. Methods A mixed methods study was conducted using a detailed content review of national policy documents and in-depth semi-structured interview data on zoonotic disease management in India. In total, 29 policy documents were reviewed and 15 key informant interviews were undertaken with national and state level policymakers, disease managers and experts operating within the human-animal-environment interface of zoonotic disease control. Results Our findings suggest that there is limited policy visibility of zoonotic diseases, although global zoonoses, especially those identified to be of pandemic potential by international organisations (e.g. CDC, WHO and OIE) rather than local, high burden endemic diseases, have high recognition in the existing policy agenda setting. Despite the widespread acknowledgement of the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration, a myriad of factors operated to either constrain or facilitate the success of cross-sectoral convergence at different stages (i.e. information-sharing, undertaking common activities and merging resources and infrastructure) of cross-sectoral action. Importantly, participants identified the lack of supportive policies, conflicting departmental priorities and limited institutional capacities as major barriers that hamper effective cross-sectoral collaboration on zoonotic disease control. Building on existing informal inter-personal relationships and collaboration platforms were suggested by participants as the way forward. Conclusion Our findings point to the importance of strengthening existing national policy frameworks as a first step for leveraging cross-sectoral capacity for improved disease surveillance and interventions. This requires the contextual adaptation of the One Health approach in a manner that is sensitive to the underlying socio-political, institutional and cultural context that determines and shapes outcomes of cross-sector collaborative arrangements.
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- 2021
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46. Evaluation of inter- and intra-fraction 6D motion for stereotactic body radiation therapy of spinal metastases: influence of treatment time
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Guillaume Bulot, M. Rogé, Ahmed Hadj Henni, Sébastien Thureau, Elyse Colard, Chantal Hanzen, David Gensanne, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel Normandie Rouen (CLCC Henri Becquerel), Equipe Quantification en Imagerie Fonctionnelle (QuantIF-LITIS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes (LITIS), Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), and Normandie Université (NU)
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Male ,Cone beam computed tomography ,Supine position ,Time Factors ,Spinal ,medicine.medical_treatment ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Movement ,R895-920 ,Intra-fraction ,Radiosurgery ,Patient Positioning ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Linear regression ,Treatment time ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Fraction (mathematics) ,RC254-282 ,Fixation (histology) ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,SBRT ,Spinal Neoplasms ,business.industry ,Research ,Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,CBCT ,Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ,Middle Aged ,Radiation therapy ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Spinal metastases ,Inter-fraction - Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to analyze the amplitude of translational and rotational movements occurring during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of spinal metastases in two different positioning devices. The relevance of intra-fractional imaging and the influence of treatment time were evaluated. Methods Twenty patients were treated in the supine position either (1) on a body vacuum cushion with arms raised and resting on a clegecel or (2) on an integrated SBRT solution consisting of a SBRT table top, an Orfit™ AIO system, and a vacuum cushion. Alignments between the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the planning computed tomography allowed corrections of inter- and intra-fraction positional shifts using a 6D table. The absolute values of the translational and rotational setup errors obtained for 329 CBCT were recorded. The translational 3D vector, the maximum angle, and the characteristic times of the treatment fractions were calculated. Results An improvement in the mean (SD) inter-fraction 3D vector (mm) from 7.8 (5.9) to 5.9 (3.8) was obtained by changing the fixation devices from (1) to (2) (p p = 0.004). The angular corrections applied in the intra-fraction were on average very low (0.4°) and similar between the two systems. A strong correlation was found between the 3D displacement vector and the fraction time for (1) and (2) with regression coefficients of 0.408 (0.262–0.555, 95% CI) and 0.069 (0.010–0.128, 95% CI), respectively. An accuracy of 1 mm would require intra-fraction imaging every 5 min for both systems. If the expected accuracy was 2 mm, then only system (2) could avoid intra-fractional imaging. Conclusions This study allowed us to evaluate setup errors of two immobilization devices for spine SBRT. The association of inter- and intra-fraction imaging with 6D repositioning of a patient is inevitable. The correlation between treatment time and corrections to be applied encourages us to move toward imaging modalities which allow a reduction in fraction time.
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- 2021
47. Gender imbalance in intensive care: High time for action and evaluation!
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Hauw-Berlemont, Caroline, Salmon Gandonnière, Charlotte, Boissier, Florence, Aissaoui, Nadia, Bodet-Contentin, Laetitia, Fartoukh, Muriel, Jourdain, Mercedes, Le Marec, Julien, Tamion, Fabienne, Hamzaoui, Olfa, Aubron, Cécile, Group For The French Intensive Care Society, The Femmir (femme Médecins En Médecine Intensive Réanimation), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre d’Investigation Clinique [Tours] CIC 1415 (CIC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), CIC - Poitiers, Université de Poitiers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Direction Générale de l'Organisation des Soins (DGOS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Lille, Recherche translationnelle sur le diabète - U 1190 (RTD), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (Département ' R3S '), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique (UMRS 1158), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Endothélium, valvulopathies et insuffisance cardiaque (EnVI), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Bretagne Occidentale - UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé (UBO UFR MSS), Université de Brest (UBO), The FEMMIR (Femme Médecins en Médecine Intensive Réanimation) Group for the French Intensive Care Society : Caroline Hauw-Berlemont, Charlotte Salmon Gandonnière, Florence Boissier, Nadia Aissaoui, Laetitia Bodet-Contentin, Muriel Sarah Fartoukh, Mercedes Jourdain, Julien Le Marec, Fabienne Tamion, Olfa Hamzaoui & Cécile Aubron, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
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Critical Care ,business.industry ,RC86-88.9 ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Research ,Sexism ,MEDLINE ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Editorial ,030228 respiratory system ,Action (philosophy) ,Intensive care ,Medicine ,Humans ,Medical emergency ,business ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
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- 2021
48. Improving early diagnosis of rare diseases using Natural Language Processing in unstructured medical records: an illustration from Dravet syndrome
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Mathieu Kuchenbuch, Antoine Neuraz, Rima Nabbout, Tommaso Lo Barco, Nicolas Garcelon, Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Service de neurologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Neuraz, Antoine, Université Paris Cité - UFR Médecine [Santé] (UPCité UFR Médecine), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Service d'informatique médicale et biostatistiques [CHU Necker], This work was supported by State funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche under 'Investissements d’Avenir' program (ANR-10-IAHU-01) and the 'Fondation Bettencourt Schueller' (RN)., École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Health data- and model- driven Knowledge Acquisition (HeKA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
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0301 basic medicine ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,First year of life ,Epilepsies, Myoclonic ,Epilepsies ,computer.software_genre ,Logistic regression ,Medical Records ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Rare Diseases ,Dravet syndrome ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,[SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Child ,Preschool ,Data mining ,Genetics (clinical) ,Early diagnosis ,Natural Language Processing ,Child, Preschool ,Early Diagnosis ,business.industry ,Medical record ,Research ,Unified Medical Language System ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Natural history ,030104 developmental biology ,Cohort ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Myoclonic ,computer ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Natural language processing ,Computer technology - Abstract
Background The growing use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is promoting the application of data mining in health-care. A promising use of big data in this field is to develop models to support early diagnosis and to establish natural history. Dravet Syndrome (DS) is a rare developmental and epileptic encephalopathy that commonly initiates in the first year of life with febrile seizures (FS). Age at diagnosis is often delayed after 2 years, as it is difficult to differentiate DS at onset from FS. We aimed to explore if some clinical terms (concepts) are significantly more used in the electronic narrative medical reports of individuals with DS before the age of 2 years compared to those of individuals with FS. These concepts would allow an earlier detection of patients with DS resulting in an earlier orientation toward expert centers that can provide early diagnosis and care. Methods Data were collected from the Necker Enfants Malades Hospital using a document-based data warehouse, Dr Warehouse, which employs Natural Language Processing, a computer technology consisting in processing written information. Using Unified Medical Language System Meta-thesaurus, phenotype concepts can be recognized in medical reports. We selected individuals with DS (DS Cohort) and individuals with FS (FS Cohort) with confirmed diagnosis after the age of 4 years. A phenome-wide analysis was performed evaluating the statistical associations between the phenotypes of DS and FS, based on concepts found in the reports produced before 2 years and using a series of logistic regressions. Results We found significative higher representation of concepts related to seizures’ phenotypes distinguishing DS from FS in the first phases, namely the major recurrence of complex febrile convulsions (long-lasting and/or with focal signs) and other seizure-types. Some typical early onset non-seizure concepts also emerged, in relation to neurodevelopment and gait disorders. Conclusions Narrative medical reports of individuals younger than 2 years with FS contain specific concepts linked to DS diagnosis, which can be automatically detected by software exploiting NLP. This approach could represent an innovative and sustainable methodology to decrease time of diagnosis of DS and could be transposed to other rare diseases.
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- 2021
49. CSF1R inhibition rescues tau pathology and neurodegeneration in an A/T/N model with combined AD pathologies, while preserving plaque associated microglia
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Astrid Bottelbergs, Pablo Botella Lucena, Chritica Lodder, Bernard Hanseeuw, Niels Cremers, Hannah Vanrusselt, Tim Vanmierlo, Ilse Dewachter, Jean-Noël Octave, Isabelle Scheyltjens, Sarah Vanherle, Bert Brône, Manuel Gutiérrez de Ravé, Ilie-Cosmin Stancu, Kiavash Movahedi, Laboratory of Molecullar and Cellular Therapy, Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, UCL - SSS/IONS/CEMO - Pôle Cellulaire et moléculaire, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de neurologie
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Apolipoprotein E ,ATN-continuum ,Tau pathology ,Plaque, Amyloid ,tau Proteins ,Microgliosis ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Pathogenesis ,Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ,Mice ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Atrophy ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Alzheimer Disease ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Neurodegeneration ,RC346-429 ,Amyloid pathology ,Microglia ,business.industry ,Research ,Microglial profiling ,neurodegeneration ,Brain ,Neurofibrillary Tangles ,Alzheimer's disease ,medicine.disease ,Phenotype ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ,Nerve Degeneration ,CSF1R inhibition ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neuroscience ,Alzheimer’s disease - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a sequential progression of amyloid plaques (A), neurofibrillary tangles (T) and neurodegeneration (N), constituting ATN pathology. While microglia are considered key contributors to AD pathogenesis, their contribution in the combined presence of ATN pathologies remains incompletely understood. As sensors of the brain microenvironment, microglial phenotypes and contributions are importantly defined by the pathologies in the brain, indicating the need for their analysis in preclinical models that recapitulate combined ATN pathologies, besides their role in A and T models only. Here, we report a new tau-seed model in which amyloid pathology facilitates bilateral tau propagation associated with brain atrophy, thereby recapitulating robust ATN pathology. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that ATN pathology exacerbated microglial activation towards disease-associated microglia states, with a significant upregulation of Apoe as compared to amyloid-only models (A). Importantly, Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor inhibition preferentially eliminated non-plaque-associated versus plaque associated microglia. The preferential depletion of non-plaque-associated microglia significantly attenuated tau pathology and neuronal atrophy, indicating their detrimental role during ATN progression. Together, our data reveal the intricacies of microglial activation and their contributions to pathology in a model that recapitulates the combined ATN pathologies of AD. Our data may provide a basis for microglia-targeting therapies selectively targeting detrimental microglial populations, while conserving protective populations. This work was supported by Innoviris (Attract grant, BB2B 2015–2) to KM; FRA-SAO (Fondation Recherche Alzheimer—Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek, Belgium – 20180028 & 2020022) to IDW, VLAIO (Vlaams Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen) and FWO (Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen—G0C6819N & 1259621 N and the fellowship of I.S.). Acknowledgements We thank Yvon Elkrim and the VIB Nucleomics core for technical assistance, VIB Tech Watch for support regarding single-cell RNA sequencing technologies.
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- 2021
50. Current developments in delivering customized care: a scoping review
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Aude Fourcade, Etienne Minvielle, Mathias Waelli, Thomas C. Ricketts, Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), EA Management des Organisations de Santé (EA MOS), and École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité
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Targeting population ,Patient-centered care ,Mass customization ,Population ,MEDLINE ,Health informatics ,Health administration ,Personalization ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,Medicine ,Logic of action ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Organizational model ,education.field_of_study ,Medical education ,business.industry ,030503 health policy & services ,Health Policy ,Nursing research ,Health care delivery ,Personalized medicine ,3. Good health ,Care customization ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,Research Article - Abstract
Background In recent years, there has been a growing interest in health care personalization and customization (i.e. personalized medicine and patient-centered care). While some positive impacts of these approaches have been reported, there has been a dearth of research on how these approaches are implemented and combined for health care delivery systems. The present study undertakes a scoping review of articles on customized care to describe which patient characteristics are used for segmenting care, and to identify the challenges face to implement customized intervention in routine care. Methods Article searches were initially conducted in November 2018, and updated in January 2019 and March 2019, according to Prisma guidelines. Two investigators independently searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Science Direct and JSTOR, The search was focused on articles that included “care customization”, “personalized service and health care”, individualized care” and “targeting population” in the title or abstract. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. Disagreements on study selection and data extraction were resolved by consensus and discussion between two reviewers. Results We identified 70 articles published between 2008 and 2019. Most of the articles (n = 43) were published from 2016 to 2019. Four categories of patient characteristics used for segmentation analysis emerged: clinical, psychosocial, service and costs. We observed these characteristics often coexisted with the most commonly described combinations, namely clinical, psychosocial and service. A small number of articles (n = 18) reported assessments on quality of care, experiences and costs. Finally, few articles (n = 6) formally defined a conceptual basis related to mass customization, whereas only half of articles used existing theories to guide their analysis or interpretation. Conclusions There is no common theory based strategy for providing customized care. In response, we have highlighted three areas for researchers and managers to advance the customization in health care delivery systems: better define the content of the segmentation analysis and the intervention steps, demonstrate its added value, in particular its economic viability, and align the logics of action that underpin current efforts of customization. These steps would allow them to use customization to reduce costs and improve quality of care.
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- 2021
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