4 results on '"Martin, Diana L."'
Search Results
2. Longitudinal analysis of antibody responses to trachoma antigens before and after mass drug administration.
- Author
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Goodhew, Erica Brook, Morgan, Sheri Maria, Switzer, Andrew J., Munoz, Beatriz, Dize, Laura, Gaydos, Charlotte, Mkocha, Harran, West, Sheila K., Wiegand, Ryan E., Lammie, Patrick J., and Martin, Diana L.
- Subjects
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TRACHOMA , *CHLAMYDIA trachomatis , *AZITHROMYCIN , *DRUG administration , *SEROLOGY - Abstract
Background Blinding trachoma, caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis, is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination by 2020. A major component of the elimination strategy is mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin. Currently, program decisions are made based on clinical signs of ocular infection, but we have been investigating the use of antibody responses for post-MDA surveillance. In a previous study, IgG responses were detected in children lacking clinical evidence of trachoma, suggesting that IgG responses represented historical infection. To explore the utility of serology for program evaluation, we compared IgG and IgA responses to trachoma antigens and examined changes in IgG and IgA post-drug treatment. Methods Dried blood spots and ocular swabs were collected with parental consent from 264 1-6 year olds in a single village of Kongwa District, central Tanzania. Each child also received an ocular exam for detection of clinical signs of trachoma. MDA was given, and six months later an additional blood spot was taken from these same children. Ocular swabs were analyzed for C. trachomatis DNA and antibody responses for IgA and total IgG were measured in dried bloods spots. Results Baseline antibody responses showed an increase in antibody levels with age. By age 6, the percentage positive for IgG (96.0%) was much higher than for IgA (74.2%). Antibody responses to trachoma antigens declined significantly six months after drug treatment for most age groups. The percentage decrease in IgA response was much greater than for IgG. However, no instances of seroreversion were observed. Conclusions Data presented here suggest that focusing on concordant antibody responses in children will provide the best serological surveillance strategy for evaluation of trachoma control programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Biannual versus annual mass azithromycin distribution and malaria seroepidemiology among preschool children in Niger: a sub-study of a cluster randomized trial.
- Author
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Oldenburg, Catherine E., Amza, Abdou, Cooley, Gretchen, Kadri, Boubacar, Nassirou, Beido, Arnold, Benjamin F., Rosenthal, Philip J., O'Brien, Kieran S., West, Sheila K., Bailey, Robin L., Porco, Travis C., Keenan, Jeremy D., Lietman, Thomas M., and Martin, Diana L.
- Subjects
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CLUSTER randomized controlled trials , *PRESCHOOL children , *MOSQUITO nets , *MALARIA , *INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets , *CHILD mortality , *AZITHROMYCIN - Abstract
Background: Biannual mass azithromycin administration to preschool children reduces all-cause mortality, but the mechanism for the effect is not understood. Azithromycin has activity against malaria parasites, and malaria is a leading cause of child mortality in the Sahel. The effect of biannual versus annual azithromycin distribution for trachoma control on serological response to merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-119), a surrogate for malaria incidence, was evaluated among children in Niger. Methods: Markers of malaria exposure were measured in two arms of a factorial randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate targeted biannual azithromycin distribution to children under 12 years of age compared to annual azithromycin to the entire community for trachoma control (N = 12 communities per arm). Communities were treated for 36 months (6 versus 3 distributions). Dried blood spots were collected at 36 months among children ages 1–5 years, and MSP-119 antibody levels were assessed using a bead-based multiplex assay to measure malaria seroprevalence. Results: Antibody results were available for 991 children. MSP-119 seropositivity was 62.7% in the biannual distribution arm compared to 68.7% in the annual arm (prevalence ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.00). Mean semi-quantitative antibody levels were lower in the biannual distribution arm compared to the annual arm (mean difference − 0.39, 95% CI − 0.05 to − 0.72). Conclusions: Targeted biannual azithromycin distribution was associated with lower malaria seroprevalence compared to that in a population that received annual distribution. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00792922 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Longitudinal analysis of antibody responses to trachoma antigens before and after mass drug administration.
- Author
-
Goodhew, Erica Brook, Morgan, Sheri Maria G, Switzer, Andrew J, Munoz, Beatriz, Dize, Laura, Gaydos, Charlotte, Mkocha, Harran, West, Sheila K, Wiegand, Ryan E, Lammie, Patrick J, and Martin, Diana L
- Abstract
Background: Blinding trachoma, caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis, is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination by 2020. A major component of the elimination strategy is mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin. Currently, program decisions are made based on clinical signs of ocular infection, but we have been investigating the use of antibody responses for post-MDA surveillance. In a previous study, IgG responses were detected in children lacking clinical evidence of trachoma, suggesting that IgG responses represented historical infection. To explore the utility of serology for program evaluation, we compared IgG and IgA responses to trachoma antigens and examined changes in IgG and IgA post-drug treatment.Methods: Dried blood spots and ocular swabs were collected with parental consent from 264 1-6 year olds in a single village of Kongwa District, central Tanzania. Each child also received an ocular exam for detection of clinical signs of trachoma. MDA was given, and six months later an additional blood spot was taken from these same children. Ocular swabs were analyzed for C. trachomatis DNA and antibody responses for IgA and total IgG were measured in dried bloods spots.Results: Baseline antibody responses showed an increase in antibody levels with age. By age 6, the percentage positive for IgG (96.0%) was much higher than for IgA (74.2%). Antibody responses to trachoma antigens declined significantly six months after drug treatment for most age groups. The percentage decrease in IgA response was much greater than for IgG. However, no instances of seroreversion were observed.Conclusions: Data presented here suggest that focusing on concordant antibody responses in children will provide the best serological surveillance strategy for evaluation of trachoma control programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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