10 results on '"Crawford, Ross"'
Search Results
2. Inflammatory macrophages interrupt osteocyte maturation and mineralization via regulating the Notch signaling pathway
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Wang, Shengfang, Xiao, Lan, Prasadam, Indira, Crawford, Ross, Zhou, Yinghong, and Xiao, Yin
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- 2022
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3. Asia-Pacific venous thromboembolism consensus in knee and hip arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery: Part 2. Mechanical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
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Amarase, Chavarin, Tanavalee, Aree, Larbpaiboonpong, Viroj, Lee, Myung Chul, Crawford, Ross W., Matsubara, Masaaki, Zhou, Yixin, Asia-Pacific (AP) Region Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Consensus Group, Unnanuntana, Aasis, Tan, Alvin, Pohl, Anthony, Angsugomutkul, Apisak, Patamarat, Apisit, Limtrakul, Arak, Merican, Azhar, Abbas, Azlina, Badaruddin, Badrul Shah, Pongcharoen, Boonchana, Khanh, Bui Hong Thien, and Li, Cao
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HIP fractures ,PULMONARY embolism ,TOTAL hip replacement ,HIP surgery ,THROMBOEMBOLISM ,CORONARY artery bypass ,PREVENTIVE medicine - Abstract
Should mechanical VTE prophylaxis be indicated in all Asian patients who are contraindica... Recommendation Yes, mechanical VTE prophylaxis is the most appropriate VTE prevention in Asian patients who are contraindicated for pharmacological prophylaxis. This study, on 454 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery with mechanical prophylaxis in all cases, showed an overall DVT incidence of 6.4% (29 patients) and a PE incidence of 1.3% (6 patients) [[24]]. Should a mechanical device for VTE prophylaxis be routinely applied in Asian patients unde... Recommendation Yes, a mechanical device for VTE prophylaxis should routinely be applied in all Asian patients undergoing knee and hip arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery. The subgroup analysis found that 19 (0.8%) proximal DVTs and 83 (3.8%) distal DVTs developed in the patients without chemoprophylaxis, and 4 (0.7%) proximal DVTs and 28 (5.2%) distal DVTs developed in the patients with chemoprophylaxis [[18]]. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2021
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4. Characterization of nano-structural and nano-mechanical properties of osteoarthritic subchondral bone.
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Qiliang Zuo, Shifeier Lu, Zhibin Du, Friis, Thor, Jiangwu Yao, Crawford, Ross, Prasadam, Indira, Yin Xiao, Zuo, Qiliang, Lu, Shifeier, Du, Zhibin, Yao, Jiangwu, and Xiao, Yin
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ARTICULAR cartilage ,OSTEOARTHRITIS ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopy ,ELECTRON diffraction ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
Background: Although articular cartilage is the primary tissues affected by osteoarthritis (OA), the underlying subchondral bone also undergoes noticeable changes. Despite the growing body of research into the biophysical and mechanical properties of OA bone there are few studies that have analysed the structure of the subchondral sclerosis at the nanoscale. In this study, the composition and nano-structural changes of human osteoarthritis (OA) subchondral bone were investigated to better understand the site-specific changes.Methods: OA bone samples were collected from patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery and graded according to disease severity (grade I: mild OA; grade IV: severe OA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Electron Diffraction, and Elemental Analysis techniques were used to explore the cross-banding pattern, nature of mineral phase and orientation of the crystal lattice. Subchondral bone nano-hydroxyapatite powders were prepared and characterised using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Subchondal bone mechanical properties were investigated using a nano-indentation method.Results: In grade I subchondral bone samples, a regular periodic fibril banding pattern was observed and the c-axis orientation of the apatite crystals was parallel to the long axis of the fibrils. By contrast, in grade IV OA bone samples, the bulk of fibrils formed a random and undulated arrangement accompanied by a circular oriented pattern of apatite crystals. Fibrils in grade IV bone showed non-hierarchical intra-fibrillar mineralization and higher calcium (Ca) to phosphorous (P) (Ca/P) ratios. Grade IV OA bone showed higher crystallinity of the mineral content, increased modulus and hardness compared with grade I OA bone.Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that OA subchondral sclerotic bone has an altered mineralization process which results in nano-structural changes of apatite crystals that is likely to account for the compromised mechanical properties of OA subchondral bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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5. Impact of extracellular matrix derived from osteoarthritis subchondral bone osteoblasts on osteocytes: role of integrinβ1 and focal adhesion kinase signaling cues.
- Author
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Prasadam, Indira, Farnaghi, Saba, Jian Q. Feng, Wenyi Gu, Perry, Samuel, Crawford, Ross, and Yin Xiao
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- 2013
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6. Surgical treatment approaches and reimbursement costs of surgical site infections post hip arthroplasty in Australia: a retrospective analysis.
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Merollini, Katharina M. D., Crawford, Ross W., and Graves, Nicholas
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TOTAL hip replacement , *NOSOCOMIAL infections , *REIMBURSEMENT , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *HOSPITAL care , *MEDICAL databases , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: The treatment for deep surgical site infection (SSI) following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) varies internationally and it is at present unclear which treatment approaches are used in Australia. The aim of this study is to identify current treatment approaches in Queensland, Australia, show success rates and quantify the costs of different treatments. Methods: Data for patients undergoing primary THA and treatment for infection between January 2006 and December 2009 in Queensland hospitals were extracted from routinely used hospital databases. Records were linked with pathology information to confirm positive organisms. Diagnosis and treatment of infection was determined using ICD-10-AM and ACHI codes, respectively. Treatment costs were estimated based on AR-DRG cost accounting codes assigned to each patient hospital episode. Results: A total of n=114 patients with deep surgical site infection were identified. The majority of patients (74%) were first treated with debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR), which was successful in eradicating the infection in 60.3% of patients with an average cost of $13,187. The remaining first treatments were 1-stage revision, successful in 89.7% with average costs of $27,006, and 2-stage revisions, successful in 92.9% of cases with average costs of $42,772. Multiple treatments following 'failed DAIR' cost on average $29,560, for failed 1-stage revision were $24,357, for failed 2-stage revision were $70,381 and were $23,805 for excision arthroplasty. Conclusions: As treatment costs in Australia are high primary prevention is important and the economics of competing treatment choices should be carefully considered. These currently vary greatly across international settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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7. Unsaturated phosphatidylcholines lining on the surface of cartilage and its possible physiological roles.
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Yi Chen, Crawford, Ross W., and Oloyede, Adekunle
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PHYSIOLOGY , *CARTILAGE , *PHOSPHOLIPIDS , *LECITHIN , *SURFACE active agents , *HIGH performance liquid chromatography - Abstract
Background: Evidence has strongly indicated that surface-active phospholipid (SAPL), or surfactant, lines the surface of cartilage and serves as a lubricating agent. Previous clinical study showed that a saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC), dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), was effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis, however recent studies suggested that the dominant SAPL species at some sites outside the lung are not SPC, rather, are unsaturated phosphatidylcholine (USPC). Some of these USPC have been proven to be good boundary lubricants by our previous study, implicating their possible important physiological roles in joint if their existence can be confirmed. So far, no study has been conducted to identify the whole molecule species of different phosphatidylcholine (PC) classes on the surface of cartilage. In this study we identified the dominant PC molecule species on the surface of cartilage. We also confirmed that some of these PC species possess a property of semipermeability. Methods: HPLC was used to analyse the PC profile of bovine cartilage samples and comparisons of DPPC and USPC were carried out through semipermeability tests. Results: It was confirmed that USPC are the dominant SAPL species on the surface of cartilage. In particular, they are Dilinoleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DLPC), Palmitoyl-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine, (PLPC), Palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and Stearoyl-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine (SLPC). The relative content of DPPC (a SPC) was only 8%. Two USPC, PLPC and POPC, were capable of generating osmotic pressure that is equivalent to that by DPPC. Conclusion: The results from the current study confirm vigorously that USPC is the endogenous species inside the joint as against DPPC thereby confirming once again that USPC, and not SPC, characterizes the PC species distribution at non-lung sites of the body. USPC not only has better anti-friction and lubrication properties than DPPC, they also possess a level of semipermeability that is equivalent to DPPC. We therefore hypothesize that USPC can constitute a possible addition or alternative to the current commercially available viscosupplementation products for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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8. Maximum recovery after knee replacement--the MARKER study rationale and protocol.
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Lin CW, March L, Crosbie J, Crawford R, Graves S, Naylor J, Harmer A, Jan S, Bennell K, Harris I, Parker D, Moffet H, Fransen M, Lin, Chung-Wei Christine, March, Lyn, Crosbie, Jack, Crawford, Ross, Graves, Stephen, Naylor, Justine, and Harmer, Alison
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Background: There is little scientific evidence to support the usual practice of providing outpatient rehabilitation to patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery (TKR) immediately after discharge from the orthopaedic ward. It is hypothesised that the lack of clinical benefit is due to the low exercise intensity tolerated at this time, with patients still recovering from the effects of major orthopaedic surgery. The aim of the proposed clinical trial is to investigate the clinical and cost effectiveness of a novel rehabilitation strategy, consisting of an initial home exercise programme followed, approximately six weeks later, by higher intensity outpatient exercise classes.Methods/design: In this multicentre randomised controlled trial, 600 patients undergoing primary TKR will be recruited at the orthopaedic pre-admission clinic of 10 large public and private hospitals in Australia. There will be no change to the medical or rehabilitative care usually provided while the participant is admitted to the orthopaedic ward. After TKR, but prior to discharge from the orthopaedic ward, participants will be randomised to either the novel rehabilitation strategy or usual rehabilitative care as provided by the hospital or recommended by the orthopaedic surgeon. Outcomes assessments will be conducted at baseline (pre-admission clinic) and at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months following randomisation. The primary outcomes will be self-reported knee pain and physical function. Secondary outcomes include quality of life and objective measures of physical performance. Health economic data (health sector and community service utilisation, loss of productivity) will be recorded prospectively by participants in a patient diary. This patient cohort will also be followed-up annually for five years for knee pain, physical function and the need or actual incidence of further joint replacement surgery.Discussion: The results of this pragmatic clinical trial can be directly implemented into clinical practice. If beneficial, the novel rehabilitation strategy of utilising outpatient exercise classes during a later rehabilitation phase would provide a feasible and potentially cost-effective intervention to optimise the physical well-being of the large number of people undergoing TKR.Trial Registration: ACTRN12609000054213. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
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9. AiDAPT: automated insulin delivery amongst pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre randomized controlled trial - study protocol.
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Lee, Tara T. M., Collett, Corinne, Man, Mei-See, Hammond, Matt, Shepstone, Lee, Hartnell, Sara, Gurnell, Eleanor, Byrne, Caroline, Scott, Eleanor M., Lindsay, Robert S., Morris, Damian, Brackenridge, Anna, Dover, Anna R., Reynolds, Rebecca M., Hunt, Katharine F., McCance, David R., Barnard-Kelly, Katharine, Rankin, David, Lawton, Julia, and Bocchino, Laura E.
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TYPE 1 diabetes ,PREGNANT women ,INSULIN pumps ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,INSULIN ,RESEARCH protocols - Abstract
Background: Pregnant women with type 1 diabetes strive for tight glucose targets (3.5-7.8 mmol/L) to minimise the risks of obstetric and neonatal complications. Despite using diabetes technologies including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), insulin pumps and contemporary insulin analogues, most women struggle to achieve and maintain the recommended pregnancy glucose targets. This study aims to evaluate whether the use of automated closed-loop insulin delivery improves antenatal glucose levels in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.Methods/design: A multicentre, open label, randomized, controlled trial of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes and a HbA1c of ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) at pregnancy confirmation and ≤ 86 mmol/mol (10%) at randomization. Participants who provide written informed consent before 13 weeks 6 days gestation will be entered into a run-in phase to collect 96 h (24 h overnight) of CGM glucose values. Eligible participants will be randomized on a 1:1 basis to CGM (Dexcom G6) with usual insulin delivery (control) or closed-loop (intervention). The closed-loop system includes a model predictive control algorithm (CamAPS FX application), hosted on an android smartphone that communicates wirelessly with the insulin pump (Dana Diabecare RS) and CGM transmitter. Research visits and device training will be provided virtually or face-to-face in conjunction with 4-weekly antenatal clinic visits where possible. Randomization will stratify for clinic site. One hundred twenty-four participants will be recruited. This takes into account 10% attrition and 10% who experience miscarriage or pregnancy loss. Analyses will be performed according to intention to treat. The primary analysis will evaluate the change in the time spent in the target glucose range (3.5-7.8 mmol/l) between the intervention and control group from 16 weeks gestation until delivery. Secondary outcomes include overnight time in target, time above target (> 7.8 mmol/l), standard CGM metrics, HbA1c and psychosocial functioning and health economic measures. Safety outcomes include the number and severity of ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycaemia and adverse device events.Discussion: This will be the largest randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of closed-loop insulin delivery during type 1 diabetes pregnancy.Trial Registration: ISRCTN 56898625 Registration Date: 10 April, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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10. Umbilical cord-derived CD362+ mesenchymal stromal cells for E. coli pneumonia: impact of dose regimen, passage, cryopreservation, and antibiotic therapy.
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Horie, Shahd, Masterson, Claire, Brady, Jack, Loftus, Paul, Horan, Emma, O'Flynn, Lisa, Elliman, Steve, Barry, Frank, O'Brien, Timothy, Laffey, John G., and O'Toole, Daniel
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STROMAL cells ,ADULT respiratory distress syndrome ,PNEUMONIA ,CELL populations ,MANUFACTURING cells ,FERTILITY preservation ,CRYOPRESERVATION of organs, tissues, etc. - Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) demonstrate considerable promise for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. However, standard approaches to MSC isolation generate highly heterogeneous cell populations, while bone marrow (BM) constitutes a limited and difficult to access MSC source. Furthermore, a range of cell manufacturing considerations and clinical setting practicalities remain to be explored. Methods: Adult male rats were subject to E. coli-induced pneumonia and administered CD362
+ umbilical cord (UC)-hMSCs using a variety of cell production and clinical relevance considerations. In series 1, animals were instilled with E. coli and randomized to receive heterogeneous BM or UC-hMSCs or CD362+ UC-hMSCs. Subsequent series examined the impact of concomitant antibiotic therapy, MSC therapeutic cryopreservation (cryopreserved vs fresh CD362+ UC-hMSCs), impact of cell passage on efficacy (passages 3 vs 5 vs 7 vs 10), and delay of administration of cell therapy (0 h vs 6 h post-injury vs 6 h + 12 h) following E. coli installation. Results: CD362+ UC-hMSCs were as effective as heterogonous MSCs in reducing E. coli-induced acute lung injury, improving oxygenation, decreasing bacterial load, reducing histologic injury, and ameliorating inflammatory marker levels. Cryopreserved CD362+ UC-hMSCs recapitulated this efficacy, attenuating E. coli-induced injury, but therapeutic relevance did not extend beyond passage 3 for all indices. CD362+ UC-hMSCs maintained efficacy in the presence of antibiotic therapy and rescued the animal from E. coli injury when delivered at 6 h + 12 h, following E. coli instillation. Conclusions: These translational studies demonstrated the efficacy of CD362+ UC-hMSCs, where they decreased the severity of E. coli-induced pneumonia, maintained efficacy following cryopreservation, were more effective at early passage, were effective in the presence of antibiotic therapy, and could continue to provide benefit at later time points following E. coli injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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