1. Risk factors for occurrence and abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes bromeliae at hotel compounds in Zanzibar
- Author
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Michael Alifrangis, Karin L. Schiøler, Ayubo Kampango, Khamis A. Haji, Flemming Konradsen, Divakara L. Sarath, Peter Furu, Christopher W. Weldon, and Fatma Saleh
- Subjects
Arboviral disease ,Rain ,education ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Aedes aegypti ,Mosquito Vectors ,Tanzania ,Toxicology ,Dengue ,Zanzibar ,Abundance (ecology) ,Aedes ,Risk Factors ,Ornamental plant ,Aedes bromeliae ,Animals ,Aedes mosquitoes ,Travel ,biology ,Research ,fungi ,Pupa ,biology.organism_classification ,Hotels ,Solid waste ,Infectious Diseases ,Vector (epidemiology) ,Larva ,Housing ,Arbovirus vectors ,Parasitology ,Seasons ,Animal Distribution - Abstract
Background A field survey was performed to investigate local environmental factors promoting occurrence and abundance of Aedes aegypti and Ae. bromeliae mosquitoes at hotel compounds in the south-east coastal region of Zanzibar Island. Methods The potential risk factors were determined using generalized linear mixed models. Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. indices such as container index (CI) and pupae per container (PPC) index were also estimated. Results Aedes aegypti and Ae. bromeliae were the most abundant vector species, accounting for 70.8% of all Aedes mosquitoes collected. The highest CI was observed for plastic containers irrespective of the season, whereas the highest PPC was observed for coconut shells and aluminium containers in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The risk of Aedes mosquito occurrence and abundance were significantly associated with presence of plastic containers, coconut shells, used tyres and steel containers. These were discarded in shaded places, in the open and gardens, or found in plant nurseries. Conclusion This study shows that Aedes species of global health significance occur at hotel compounds on this part of Zanzibar Island. The occurrence and abundance are sustained by the presence of abundant and poorly managed solid wastes and containers used for gardening tasks. This highlights an urgent need for the adoption of area-wide environmentally sustainable Aedes mosquito management interventions that also integrate solid waste management and ornamental plant production practices for reducing the risk of arboviral disease epidemics. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2021