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Introduction: In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to analyze the existing literature to evaluate the role of inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) among individuals with cardiac syndrome X (CSX) compared to healthy controls. Methods: We used PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Embase to systematically search relevant publications published before April 2, 2023. We performed the meta-analysis using Stata 11.2 software (Stata Corp, College Station, TX). So, we used standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to compare the biomarker level between patients and healthy controls. The I2 and Cochran's Q tests were adopted to determine the heterogeneity of the included studies. Results: Overall, 29 articles with 3480 participants (1855 with CSX and 1625 healthy controls) were included in the analysis. There was a significantly higher level of NLR (SMD = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.55–1.15, I2 = 89.0 %), CRP (SMD = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.38 to 1.02, p < 0.0001), IL-6 (SMD = 5.70, 95%CI = 1.91 to 9.50, p = 0.003), TNF-a (SMD = 3.78, 95%CI = 0.63 to 6.92, p = 0.019), and PLR (SMD = 1.38, 95%CI = 0.50 to 2.28, p = 0.02) in the CSX group in comparison with healthy controls. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that CSX leads to a significant increase in inflammatory biomarkers, including NLR, CRP, IL-6, TNF-a, and PLR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

İntroduction: Patients with normal coronary arteries in whom increased vasospasm cannot be detected with the stress test should be evaluated in terms of cardiac syndrome x (CSX). İnflammatory systems are effective in endothelial activation and dysfunction in CSX. The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is thought to be an important factor in determining the course of diseases, especially in infectious diseases or other diseases, as an indicator of the inflammation process. The aim of this study is to determine the role of SII levels in the diagnosis of CSX disease. Methods: The study group included 80 patients who applied to the cardiology department of Fırat University with typical anginal complaints between October 2021 and April 2022, and were diagnosed with ischemia after the myocardial perfusion scan, and then coronary angiography was performed and normal coronary arteries were observed. Results: When the study and control groups were examined according to age, gender and body mass index, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and family history, no statistical significant difference was observed between the groups. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the high sensitive C- reactive protin levels of the individuals in the study and control groups (p = 0.028). SII levels measured in samples taken from patients were significantly higher than control subjects (p = 0.003). SII cutoff at admission was 582 with 82% sensitivity and 84% specificity (area under the curve 0.972; 95% CI:0.95–0.98;p < 0.001). Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that systemic SII parameters, which can be simply calculated with the data obtained from the complete blood count and do not require additional costs, can contribute to the prediction of CSX disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although ventricular late potential (VLP) was extensively studied in risk stratification of myocardial infarction (MI) patients, comparable researches evaluating presence of VLP in MI-free coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiac syndrome X (CSX) subjects are scarce. This study aimed to compare presence of VLP between CSX and CAD patients.Methods: Signal average ECG (SAECG) was performed to 49 patients with a history of typical cardiac pain before undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography (DCA) in Al-Shaab cardiac center, Khartoum, Sudan. QRS duration, duration of the terminal part of the QRS complex with amplitude less than 40 microvolts (LAS40) and the root mean square voltage of the terminal 40 milliseconds (RMS40) of the filtered QRS complex were identified for each patient. Presence of two or more of QRS duration > 120 ms, RMS40 > 38 ms and LAS40 < 20 μV was considered indicative of VLP. Associations between VLP and patients grouped according to DCA results were assessed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: VLP was present in 11.11% (3.63%-24.66%) and 15.38% (2.66%-42.23%) of patients with CAD and CSX respectively. Presence of VLP was comparable in patients with CAD and CSX (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.11-6.05, P = 0.692), even after controlling for the possible variations in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the studied groups.Conclusion: Presence of VLP is comparable among CSX and CAD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]