1. Efficacy of imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 1% spot-on formulation (Advocate®) in the prevention and treatment of feline aelurostrongylosis
- Author
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Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Katrin Blazejak, Lea Heuer, Donato Traversa, Katrin Deuster, Manuela Schnyder, Matthias Pollmeier, Janina McKay-Demeler, Sandra Mangold-Gehring, Claudia Böhm, Holger Schmidt, Angela Di Cesare, Christina Strube, Gabriele Petry, Roland Schaper, University of Zurich, and Mangold-Gehring, Sandra
- Subjects
10078 Institute of Parasitology ,Male ,Administration, Topical ,2405 Parasitology ,Aelurostrongylus abstrusus ,Cat Diseases ,Gastroenterology ,0403 veterinary science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neonicotinoids ,0302 clinical medicine ,Aelurostrongylosis ,600 Technology ,Lung ,CATS ,biology ,Animal health ,Feline lungworm ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Nitro Compounds ,Treatment efficacy ,Moxidectin ,Infectious Diseases ,Treatment Outcome ,Larva ,Female ,Macrolides ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Drug Compounding ,030231 tropical medicine ,610 Medicine & health ,Drug Administration Schedule ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Imidacloprid ,Internal medicine ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::632 Schäden, Krankheiten, Schädlinge an Pflanzen ,Strongylida Infections ,Life Cycle Stages ,Prevention ,Treatment ,Research ,2725 Infectious Diseases ,biology.organism_classification ,Metastrongyloidea ,chemistry ,Parasitology ,Cats ,570 Life sciences - Abstract
Background In three randomized, controlled laboratory efficacy studies, the efficacy in the prevention of patent infections of a topical combination of imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 1% (Advocate® spot-on formulation for cats, Bayer Animal Health GmbH) against larval stages and immature adults of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, as well as the treatment efficacy of a single or three monthly treatments against adult A. abstrusus, were evaluated. Methods Cats were experimentally inoculated with 300–800 third-stage larvae (L3). Each group comprised 8 animals and the treatment dose was 10 mg/kg bodyweight (bw) imidacloprid and 1 mg/kg bw moxidectin in each study. Prevention of the establishment of patent infections was evaluated by two treatments at a monthly interval at three different time points before and after challenge infection. Curative efficacy was tested by one or three treatments after the onset of patency. Worm counts at necropsy were used for efficacy calculations. Results In Study 1, the control group had a geometric mean (GM) of 28.8 adult nematodes and the single treatment group had a GM of 3.4 (efficacy 88.3%). In Study 2, the control group had a GM of 14.3, the prevention group had a GM of 0 (efficacy 100%), while the treatment group had a GM of 0.1 (efficacy 99.4%). In Study 3, the GM worm burden in the control group was 32.6 compared to 0 in all three prevention groups (efficacy 100% for all of those groups). Conclusions The monthly administration of Advocate® reliably eliminated early larval stages and thereby prevented lung damage from and patent infections with A. abstrusus in cats. Regarding treatment, a single application of Advocate® reduced the worm burden, but it did not sufficiently clear the infection. In contrast, three monthly treatments were safe and highly efficacious against A. abstrusus.
- Published
- 2020