8 results on '"Kamugisha, Erasmus"'
Search Results
2. Microsatellites reveal high polymorphism and high potential for use in anti-malarial efficacy studies in areas with different transmission intensities in mainland Tanzania
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Ishengoma, Deus S., Mandara, Celine I., Madebe, Rashid A., Warsame, Marian, Ngasala, Billy, Kabanywanyi, Abdunoor M., Mahende, Muhidin K., Kamugisha, Erasmus, Kavishe, Reginald A., Muro, Florida, Mandike, Renata, Mkude, Sigsbert, Chacky, Frank, Njau, Ritha, Martin, Troy, Mohamed, Ally, Bailey, Jeffrey A., and Fola, Abebe A.
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- 2024
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3. Trends of Plasmodium falciparum molecular markers associated with resistance to artemisinins and reduced susceptibility to lumefantrine in Mainland Tanzania from 2016 to 2021
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Bakari, Catherine, Mandara, Celine I., Madebe, Rashid A., Seth, Misago D., Ngasala, Billy, Kamugisha, Erasmus, Ahmed, Maimuna, Francis, Filbert, Bushukatale, Samwel, Chiduo, Mercy, Makene, Twilumba, Kabanywanyi, Abdunoor M., Mahende, Muhidin K., Kavishe, Reginald A., Muro, Florida, Mkude, Sigsbert, Mandike, Renata, Molteni, Fabrizio, Chacky, Frank, Bishanga, Dunstan R., Njau, Ritha J. A., Warsame, Marian, Kabula, Bilali, Nyinondi, Ssanyu S., Lucchi, Naomi W., Talundzic, Eldin, Venkatesan, Meera, Moriarty, Leah F., Serbantez, Naomi, Kitojo, Chonge, Reaves, Erik J., Halsey, Eric S., Mohamed, Ally, Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam, and Ishengoma, Deus S.
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- 2024
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4. Efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy, and molecular markers for artemisinin and piperaquine resistance in Mainland Tanzania
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Kakolwa, Mwaka A., Mahende, Muhidin K., Ishengoma, Deus S., Mandara, Celine I., Ngasala, Billy, Kamugisha, Erasmus, Kataraihya, Johannes B., Mandike, Renata, Mkude, Sigsbert, Chacky, Frank, Njau, Ritha, Premji, Zul, Lemnge, Martha M., Warsame, Marian, Menard, Didier, and Kabanywanyi, Abdunoor M.
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- 2018
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5. Why some sites are responding better to anti-malarial interventions? A case study from western Kenya.
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Kapesa, Anthony, Kweka, Eliningaya J., Atieli, Harrysone, Kamugisha, Erasmus, Guofa Zhou, Githeko, Andrew K., and Yan, Guiyun
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MALARIA ,MALARIA treatment ,INSECTICIDE resistance ,DELTAMETHRIN ,ANOPHELES gambiae ,PLASMODIUM - Abstract
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria interventions over the last decades have been successful in reducing both mortality and morbidity. In western Kenya however some areas experience contrasting outcomes of the ongoing interventions while the causes for this observation remains not yet clearly known. Methods: The WHO insecticide (deltamethrin) susceptibility test of the common malaria vectors was studied. Multiple surveys on household use and hospital prescriptions of antimalarial drugs from 2003 to 2015 were done. Along with this, cross sectional surveys on their availability in the local drug dispensing outlets were also done in 2015. Monthly precipitations and air temperature data was collected along with systematic review on abundance and composition of common malaria vectors in the study area before and during interventions. The above factors were used to explain the possible causes of contrasting outcome of malaria interventions between the three study sites. Results: Areas with malaria resurgence or sustained high transmission (Kombewa and Marani) showed higher composition of Anopheles funestus sensu lato (s.l.) than the previously abundant Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and the later had higher composition to an area with a sustained infection decline (Iguhu). Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Kombewa showed highest resistance (50% mortality) upon exposure to WHO deltamethrin discriminating dosage of 0.75% while those from Marani and Iguhu had reduced resistance status (both had a mean mortality of 91%). Sampled An. funestus s.l. from Marani were also highly resistant to deltamethrin as 57% of the exposed vectors survived. An increasing of mean air temperature by 2 °C was noted for Marani and Iguhu from 2013 to 2015 and was accompanied by an increased rainfall at Marani. Community drug use and availability in selling outlets along with prescription in hospitals were not linked to the struggling control of the disease. Conclusions: The malaria vector species composition shift, insecticide resistance and climatic warming were the likely cause of the contrasting outcome of malaria intervention in western Kenya. Surveillance of malaria parasite and vector dynamics along with insecticide resistance and vector biting behaviour monitoring are highly recommended in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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6. Identification of large variation in pfcrt, pfmdr-1 and pfubp-1 markers in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Ethiopia and Tanzania.
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Golassa, Lemu, Kamugisha, Erasmus, Ishengoma, Deus S., Baraka, Vito, Shayo, Alex, Baliraine, Frederick N., Enweji, Nizar, Erko, Berhanu, Aseffa, Abraham, Choy, Angel, and Swedberg, Göte
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PLASMODIUM falciparum , *MALARIA , *DRUG resistance , *ANTIMALARIALS , *ARTEMISININ , *GENETIC markers , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *PROTOZOA - Abstract
Background: Plasmodium falciparum resistance to anti-malarials is a major drawback in effective malaria control and elimination globally. Artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) is currently the key first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Plasmodium falciparum genetic signatures at pfmdr-1, pfcrt, and pfubp-1 loci are known to modulate in vivo and in vitro parasite response to ACT. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of these resistance gene markers in isolates collected from different malaria transmission intensity in Ethiopia and Tanzania. Methods: Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates were collected from different regions of Ethiopia and Tanzania. Genetic polymorphisms in the genes pfcrt, pfmdr-1 and pfubp-1 were analysed by PCR and sequencing. Frequencies of the different alleles in the three genes were compared within and between regions, and between the two countries. Results: The majority of the isolates from Ethiopia were mutant for the pfcrt 76 and wild-type for pfmdr-1 86. In contrast, the majority of the Tanzanian samples were wild-type for both pfcrt and pfmdr-1 loci. Analysis of a variable linker region in pfmdr-1 showed substantial variation in isolates from Tanzania as compared to Ethiopian isolates that had minimal variation. Direct sequencing of the pfubp-1 region showed that 92.8% (26/28) of the Ethiopian isolates had identical genome sequence with the wild type reference P. falciparum strain 3D7. Of 42 isolates from Tanzania, only 13 (30.9%) had identical genome sequences with 3D7. In the Tanzanian samples, 10 variant haplotypes were identified. Conclusion: The majority of Ethiopian isolates carried the main marker for chloroquine (CQ) resistance, while the majority of the samples from Tanzania carried markers for CQ susceptibility. Polymorphic genes showed substantially more variation in Tanzanian isolates. The low variability in the polymorphic region of pfmdr-1 in Ethiopia may be a consequence of low transmission intensity as compared to high transmission intensity and large variations in Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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7. Efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria and prevalence of Pfk13 and Pfmdr1 polymorphisms after a decade of using artemisinin-based combination therapy in mainland Tanzania.
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Ishengoma, Deus S., Mandara, Celine I., Francis, Filbert, Talundzic, Eldin, Lucchi, Naomi W., Ngasala, Billy, Kabanywanyi, Abdunoor M., Mahende, Muhidin K., Kamugisha, Erasmus, Kavishe, Reginald A., Muro, Florida, Mohamed, Ally, Mandike, Renata, Mkude, Sigsbert, Chacky, Frank, Paxton, Lynn, Greer, George, Kitojo, Chonge A., Njau, Ritha, and Martin, Troy
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POWDERY mildew diseases ,MALARIA - Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization recommends regular therapeutic efficacy studies (TES) to monitor the performance of first and second-line anti-malarials. In 2016, efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria were assessed through a TES conducted between April and October 2016 at four sentinel sites of Kibaha, Mkuzi, Mlimba, and Ujiji in Tanzania. The study also assessed molecular markers of artemisinin and lumefantrine (partner drug) resistance. Methods: Eligible patients were enrolled at the four sites, treated with standard doses of AL, and monitored for 28 days with clinical and laboratory assessments. The main outcomes were PCR corrected cure rates, day 3 positivity rates, safety of AL, and prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum kelch 13 (Pfk13) (codon positions: 440–600) and P. falciparum multi-drug resistance 1 (Pfmdr1) genes (codons: N86Y, Y184F and D1246Y), markers of artemisinin and lumefantrine resistance, respectively. Results: Of 344 patients enrolled, three withdrew, six were lost to follow-up; and results were analysed for 335 (97.4%) patients. Two patients had treatment failure (one early treatment failure and one recrudescent infection) after PCR correction, yielding an adequate clinical and parasitological response of > 98%. Day 3 positivity rates ranged from 0 to 5.7%. Common adverse events included cough, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Two patients had serious adverse events; one died after the first dose of AL and another required hospitalization after the second dose of AL (on day 0) but recovered completely. Of 344 samples collected at enrolment (day 0), 92.7% and 100% were successfully sequenced for Pfk13 and Pfmdr1 genes, respectively. Six (1.9%) had non-synonymous mutations in Pfk13, none of which had been previously associated with artemisinin resistance. For Pfmdr1, the NFD haplotype (codons N86, 184F and D1246) was detected in 134 (39.0%) samples; ranging from 33.0% in Mlimba to 45.5% at Mkuzi. The difference among the four sites was not significant (p = 0.578). All samples had a single copy of the Pfmdr1 gene. Conclusion: The study indicated high efficacy of AL and the safety profile was consistent with previous reports. There were no known artemisinin-resistance Pfk13 mutations, but there was a high prevalence of a Pfmdr1 haplotype associated with reduced sensitivity to lumefantrine (but no reduced efficacy was observed in the subjects). Continued TES and monitoring of markers of resistance to artemisinin and partner drugs is critical for early detection of resistant parasites and to inform evidence-based malaria treatment policies. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03387631 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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8. Artemether–lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine treatment outcomes among children infected with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Mwanza, Tanzania.
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Marwa, Karol J., Konje, Eveline T., Kapesa, Anthony, Kamugisha, Erasmus, Mwita, Stanley, and Swedberg, Göte
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TREATMENT effectiveness , *MALARIA , *PLASMODIUM falciparum , *TREATMENT failure , *DRUG utilization - Abstract
Background: Artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs) have been a cornerstone in the treatment of malaria in the world. A rapid decline in dihydroartemisinin piperaquine (DHP) and artemether lumefantrine (ALU) efficacies has been reported in some parts of South East Asia, the historical epicenter for the antimalarial drug resistance. Prolonged drug use is associated with selection of resistant parasites due to exposure to inadequate drug levels hence effects on treatment outcomes in malaria. ALU and DHP are used as first line and alternative first line, respectively, in Tanzania. This study was carried in Igombe, Tanzania to assess the efficacies of ALU and DHP in routine treatment of uncomplicated malaria among children. Methods: This was a prospective study involving children up to 10 years and followed up for 28 and 35 days as per the WHO protocol, 2015 for monitoring antimalarial drug efficacy. The primary end points were crude and adjusted Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response (ACPR), parasite clearance rate and reported adverse events. Results: A total of 205 children with uncomplicated malaria were enrolled. One hundred and sixteen participants were treated with ALU, while 89 participants were treated with DHP. Two participants in the ALU group were lost within the 24 h of follow-up. The PCR unadjusted ACPR was108 (94.7%) for ALU and 88 (98.9%) for DHP, while the PCR adjusted ACPR was 109(95.6%) and 88(98.9%) for ALU and DHP, respectively, at 28 day follow-up. No treatment failure was observed in both groups. Cumulative risk of recurrent parasitemia was similar in both groups (p = 0.32). Age and parasite density were strong predictors for persistent day 1 parasitemia (p = 0.034 and 0.026, respectively). Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and headache were the most clinical adverse events reported in both groups of patients. Conclusion: The present study shows that ALU and DHP are still efficacious after more than a decade of use with PCR corrected efficacies greater than 95% implying a failure rate less than 5% which is below the WHO minimum threshold requirement for recommendation of a change in the treatment policy. Both drugs were well tolerated with no major adverse events reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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