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Background and aim: Nationwide epidemiological data on ulcerative colitis (UC) in Spain are lacking. The primary objective was to assess the epidemiology of UC at hospital gastroenterology units and the use of hospital resources (characteristics and facilities) for the management of UC in Spain. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, epidemiological, crosssectional study (EPICURE study) analyzed data from hospital registries and records from UC patients admitted and treated in 2011 at a representative selection of Spanish sites. The prevalence of UC in gastroenterology units was calculated as the total UC patients divided by the total inhabitants covered by those sites. Incidence was defined as the number of new UC cases during 2011 divided by the total inhabitants covered by those sites. Results: In 2011, a total of 42,000 patients were attended for UC in gastroenterology units in Spain with a prevalence rate of 88.7 UC cases (95% CI: 69.6–106.0) per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence rate was of 5.7 cases (95% CI: 1.2–10.8)/100,000 inhabitants. Six percent of patients being attended for UC were hospitalized in the 58 units analyzed in 2011. There were 1075 hospitalizations related to UC in total (approximately 14 per gastroenterology unit; median hospital stay length: 8 days). Six out of 1000 UC patients underwent colectomy in 2011. Near one third (32.7%) were emergency colectomies. Most hospitals had specific IBD units (87.9%) and colorectal surgeons (93.1%). Conclusions: Our study provides the first national data on the prevalence and incidence of UC in gastroenterology units in Spain. Hospitalization and surgical burden associated with UC was low.