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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a long-term disorder with high prevalence globally. It can be classified into two types: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is considered a multifactorial disorder in which genetic factors such as cytokines play a major role. Cytokines play a role is immune modulation and are associated with the development of diabetes mellitus. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokines were studied extensively in different populations to determine their association with predisposition to diabetes mellitus. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cytokine genes TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-10, and INF-γ in 102 Jordanian diabetes mellitus patients in comparison to 50 controls and their association to diabetes mellitus susceptibility. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cytokine genes TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-10, and INF-γ in 102 Jordanian diabetes mellitus patients in comparison to 50 controls and their association to diabetes mellitus susceptibility. Methods: Analysis was performed using the highly specific polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers methodology Results: Our findings showed that the IL-10-1082 G/G genotype (P=0.02) and the TGF-β1 codon 25*G allele (P Conclusion: Our study showed that the IL-10-1082 G/G genotype and TGF-β1 codon 25*G allele are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus while the IFN- γ -874*A allele is associated with type 1 diabetes. Our findings may help in the early detection of diabetes mellitus which would in turn help in undergoing the needed preventative measures to delay the onset of diabetes mellitus

Background: The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class II genes, particularly the HLADR and -DQ loci, have been shown to play a crucial role in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) development. Objective: This study is the first to examine the contribution of the HLA-DR/DQ alleles and haplotypes to T1D susceptibility in Jordanians. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) were used to genotype 41 Jordanian healthy controls and 50 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. Results: The following alleles were found to be significant high risk alleles in T1D Jordanian patients: DRB1*04 (OR=3.95, p Conclusion: A strong positive association of DRB1*04-DQA1*0301-DQBl*0302 (OR=5.67, p