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Introduction: Therapeutic measures have been successful in increasing survival rates and quality of life of HIV/AIDS-infected people. However, some people fail to respond to antiretroviral therapy (HAART) because of viral resistance-associated mutations., Objective: To identify virus genotype and the presence of mutations that alter the susceptibility to HAART, and factors associated with the occurrence of these mutations., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adults living with HIV attending a specialized outpatient clinic in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil. The participants were interviewed and had blood samples collected for analysis. Those with detectable viral load were genotyped., Results: Out of the 629 patients recruited, 127 subjects were included due to having a detectable viral load. The most common mutations were M184V and K103N. HIV-1 subtype C was the most prevalent strain. Resistance to HAART was associated with modification in the treatment regimen (p <0.001)., Conclusion: This study concluded that the circulating subtype virus was subtype C and that the mutations K103N and M184V were the most prevalent strains in southern Santa Catarina, Brazil., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a serious public health issue. Therapeutic measures have been successful in increasing the survival and improving the quality of life. However, some treatment-naive subjects living with HIV present resistance-associated mutations as a result of late diagnosis and/or mutant strain infections. The objective of this study was to identify the virus genotype and assess the antiretroviral resistance profile based on the results of HIV genotyping in treatment-naive subjects living with HIV, after six months of taking antiretroviral therapy., Methods: This was a prospective cohort study on treatment-naive adults living with HIV attending a specialized outpatient clinic in southern Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The participants were interviewed and had blood samples drawn. The genotypic antiretroviral drug resistance profile was examined in patients with detectable viral loads., Results: 65 treatment-naive subjects living with HIV were recruited for this study. After six months of taking antiretroviral therapy, resistance-associated mutations were observed in 3 (4.6%) subjects living with HIV., Conclusion: Subtype C was identified as the circulating subtype in southern Santa Catarina State, and L10V, K103N, A98G, and Y179D were the most common mutations found in treatment-naive subjects., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: Studies have shown the relationship between neuroinflammation and depressive- like parameters. However, research still has not been carried out to evaluate neuroinflammation in the neonatal period and psychiatric disorders in adulthood., Objective: To verify the association between neonatal immune activation and depressive-like parameters in adulthood using an animal model., Methods: Two days old C57BL/6 animals were exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or phosphate- buffered saline (PBS). When the animals were 46 days old, they received PBS or Imipramine at 14 days. At 60 days, the consumption of sucrose; immobility time; adrenal gland and the hippocampus weight; levels of plasma corticosterone and hippocampal Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were evaluated., Results: It was observed that the animals exposed to LPS in the neonatal period and evaluated in adulthood decreased the consumption of sucrose and had reducted hippocampus weight. Also, the exposed animals presented an increase of immobility time, adrenal gland weight and plasma levels of corticosteroids. The use of imipramine did not only modify the decreased hippocampal weight. On the other hand, there were no alterations in the BDNF levels in the hippocampus with or without the use of imipramine., Conclusion: These results suggest that neonatal immune activation may be associated with depressive- like parameters in adulthood. It is believed that endotoxemia may trigger physiological and behavioral alterations, increasing vulnerability for the development of depression in adulthood., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)