1. Improving brain drug targeting through exploitation of the nose-to-brain route: a physiological and pharmacokinetic perspective.
- Author
-
Badhan RK, Kaur M, Lungare S, and Obuobi S
- Subjects
- Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Blood-Brain Barrier metabolism, Blood-Brain Barrier physiopathology, Brain metabolism, Brain Diseases metabolism, Brain Diseases physiopathology, Central Nervous System Agents administration & dosage, Central Nervous System Agents chemistry, Central Nervous System Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Molecular Weight, Nasal Mucosa metabolism, Nasal Mucosa physiopathology, Neurons metabolism, Olfactory Nerve drug effects, Olfactory Nerve metabolism, Olfactory Nerve physiopathology, Trigeminal Nerve drug effects, Trigeminal Nerve metabolism, Trigeminal Nerve physiopathology, Blood-Brain Barrier drug effects, Brain drug effects, Brain Diseases drug therapy, Central Nervous System Agents pharmacokinetics, Drug Delivery Systems trends, Nasal Mucosa drug effects, Neurons drug effects
- Abstract
With an ageing population and increasing prevalence of central-nervous system (CNS) disorders new approaches are required to sustain the development and successful delivery of therapeutics into the brain and CNS. CNS drug delivery is challenging due to the impermeable nature of the brain microvascular endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and which prevent the entry of a wide range of therapeutics into the brain. This review examines the role intranasal delivery may play in achieving direct brain delivery, for small molecular weight drugs, macromolecular therapeutics and cell-based therapeutics, by exploitation of the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. This approach is thought to deliver drugs into the brain and CNS through bypassing the BBB. Details of the mechanism of transfer of administrated therapeutics, the pathways that lead to brain deposition, with a specific focus on therapeutic pharmacokinetics, and examples of successful CNS delivery will be explored.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF