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Several aspects need to be explored in drug therapy for diabetes patients. Some specific glucose-reducing medicines are present, while other medicines are associated with unintentional changes in hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a developing epidemic that has caused significant socioeconomic problems in several countries throughout the world. Despite scientific discoveries, greater healthcare services, and higher literacy rates, the disease continues to plague many industries, particularly developing countries. The current trends show an increase in premature mortality, which threatens world prosperity. Experimental and technical improvements have been made in sulphonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, and thiazolidinediones, all of which are beneficial in lowering glucose levels. The latest drug research techniques have led to the development of novel therapeutic groups such as amylin analogs, incretin mimetics, GIP analogs, active peroxisome proliferator receptors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as targets for future diabetes therapy medications. Furthermore, drug development and detection for diabetes treatment have been revolutionized by identifying and investigating bioactive compounds from herbs. This chapter discusses vital fields of clinical diabetology regarding opportunities for stem cells and nanotechnology as next-generation therapies, with an emphasis on evolving developments and reviews why plant-derived products are reliably common for treating and managing diabetes.