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Good hygiene and sanitation are essential for the prevention of infectious diseases. Immunization is one of the most important public health interventions to reduce both morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. Thus, the survey study aimed to determine the status of hygienic practices and assess the immunization coverage among 12-59 months old children in urban slums. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 259 under five children's (12-59 months) in Barisal city, Bangladesh, from June to December 2019 using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected by interviewing the mothers from different slum areas. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the association. Prevalence of good hygiene practices status was 65.3% and fully immunized was 71.4%. Joint family (AOR=0.54; 95% CI: 0.31-0.95; P

Accidental foreign body ingestion is common in the pediatric age group particularly between 6 months and 5 years. Most ingested foreign bodies pass easily through the esophagus, into the stomach, and are expelled from the body without complications. However, endoscopic removal will require only 10% - 20% of cases to avoid complications. We present the endoscopic removal of a metallic hair clip in the duodenum of an 18 month old child that was unnoticed initially and diagnosed incidentally. BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2021; VOL 45 (3) : 182-185

Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive individual is at risk of developing disease of cardiovascular system (CVD). There are scarce of research work regarding this field in Bangladesh. Considering scarcity, this study was conducted at anti-retroviral therapy (ART) center of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh to find out the frequency of the CVD and their common risk factors in HIV seropositive patients from March 2017 to September 2019. Different CVD risk factors were assessed in this study. The demographic data were assessed and World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire were used to collect demographic data. The 10-year CVD risk was calculated by using the Framingham coronary risk score (FRS). Mean age of study population was 38, SD= 9.8. Among them sixty-five (65%) were men and thirty-five (35%) were women. About one third were overweight followed by 5% were obese. High cholesterolemia, high triglyceridemia, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were found in 23%, 58%, 14%. and 63% of the HIV patent, respectively. Hypertension was present in 19% and diabetes in 15% of the patients. In Framingham risk score, 19% of the participants had intermediate to high risk of cardiovascular disease within 10 years. The cardiovascular risk factors were common in HIV patients attending ART center of BSMMU, where base line 10-years CVD risk was low. People living with HIV appear to be an imminent risk to develop CVD. Bangladesh Med J. 2021 May; 50(2) : 40-44

not available BSMMU J 2021; 14(3): 92-98

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: An 11-year-old boy presented with 15 months history of diarrhea with up to 10-20 times small volume stool daily with mucus. It was associated with a feeling of incomplete defecation and excessive straining. The frequency of diarrhea increased to 20-30 times per day over the last 8 months. Subsequently, he developed fecal incontinence, for which he couldn't attend his school. He also had a history of significant weight loss in the last 7 months. According to his mother's statement, his body weight was reduced to 64 kg from 77 kg during this illness.

Galactosemia is an autosomal recessive inheritance and there is cellular deficiency of enzymes leading to defective/impaired metabolism of galactose resulting in toxic byproducts like galactilol, galactose-1-phosphate and galactonate that affect mainly liver, brain, kidneys, lens and gonads. Galactosemia appears as a rare metabolic cause of neonatal cholestasis syndrome (NCS). The classic disease manifestation after the first milk feeding varies in severity from an acute fulminant illness to a more common subacute illness beginning within the first few days of life. Neonatal sepsis is one of the presentations. Galactokinase deficiency results primarily in cataract formation and galactosuria. The preliminary diagnosis of galactosemia in sick neonates and suspected infants is made by Benedict test in several urine specimens and followed by dipstick test to exclude glycosuria. Gold standard test is demonstration of low enzyme activity in erythrocyte. Galactosemia can be detected by newborn screening methods like the Guthrie test using filterpaper blood samples. Classical form of galactosemia should be treated with an absolute galactose restricted diet without waiting for confirmation of the diagnosis. Here we report a case of a 50-dayold boy with features of neonatal cholestasis, diagnosed as galactosemia by using a simple cost effective method. J Enam Med Col 2020; 10(1): 43-48

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 14-year-old boy, 4th issue of his non-consanguineous parents got admitted in the Department with the complaints of gradual abdominal distension and occasional abdominal pain since two years of his age. There was no history of jaundice, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, fever, contact with a known case of tuberculosis patient or family history of such type of illness. On examination, he was alert, anicteric, no facial dysmorphism, vitally stable, no stigmata of chronic liver disease and anthropometrically well thrived.

Diarrhea causes major childhood morbidity and mortality globally. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of childhood diarrhea among under-five children in Southern coastal area of Bangladesh. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted from April to June 2018 among 202 randomly selected children. A structured questionnaire used to collect information on a three month diseases occurrence and other covariates. The association of diarrhea with socio economy, personal and food hygiene practices observed using multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders. Prevalence of childhood diarrhea was 10.9%. In bivariate analysis, mother’s education, family income, father’s occupation, hand washing of child before feeding and refrigerator associated with outcomes. In multivariate analysis, father’s occupation, hand washing of child by soap before feeding and having refrigerator in households was associated with childhood diarrhea after controlling the socio-demographic factors (age and gender). Child of unemployed fathers were more likely to have diarrhea than employed father (AOR=0.206; 95% CI: 0.070-0.610).Child do not wash hand before feeding (AOR=0.393; 95% CI =0.102-0.511) and households not having refrigerator (AOR= 0.072; 95% CI: 0.007-0.745) had higher odds of diarrhea. The load of diarrhea in this setting was almost double to the national rate. Poor hand washing of child and refrigerator are major risk factor high burden of the disease. Health promotion strategies on proper food storage and child feeding practices are recommended for the prevention of childhood diarrhea. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 93-99

Here we describe a case of a 20-year-old, otherwise healthy man, who consulted a physician due to acute low back pain presenting for a couple of days. Pain appeared suddenly, without any preceding trauma. Physical examination was unremarkable. Initial laboratory tests showed elevated inflammatory marker and thrombocytopenia. Patient was treated conservatively but due to increasing pain MRI of spine with contrast was advised which showed feature suggestive of infiltrative disease. Eventually patient was diagnosed as a case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia on further peripheral blood film and bone marrow study.Bangladesh Med J. 2017 Jan; 46 (1): 41-43

The present study attempts to identify the nutrition profile of the destitute women and children living in a rehabilitation center, Shishu Polli Plus (SPP), Gazipur. The vision of SPP is to serve underprivileged orphan children and destitute women and rehabilitate them by providing education and skill training. Information on anthropometric data, dietary intake, prevalence of morbidity and health and nutrition knowledge of SPP beneficiaries were collected by visiting the rehabilitation center. Dietary intake was calculated using dietary weighing of 7 consecutive days. Mean energy intake of SPP inmates was 1759 Kcal (86% of RDA). Mean intake of other nutrients were- protein 43 g, fat 33g, CHO 325g, calcium 307mg, iron 17mg, vitamin A 4120 IU, thiamine l.21mg, riboflavin 0.59mg and vitamin C 61 mg. They fulfilled the RDA for protein (96%), vitamin A (240%), and thiamine (ll8%). They were deficient in calcium (61% of RDA), iron (77% of RDA), riboflavin (48% of RDA) and vitamin C (130% of RDA; without considering cooking loss). Anthropometric assessments of the inmates indicated the presence of double burden of malnutrition at SPP. The great majority of the children (specially under-5) were undernourished; while at the same time about 9% of all adult women were found obese (BMI >25). Overall one in five children in SPP was found to be stunted. The situation however changes dramatically with age. A higher prevalence of stunting was reported with the lower age group of children. According to the weight for age and weight for height classification of nutritional status, about 30 per cent of all children residing at SPP were underweight and one quarter of all SPP children were, wasted. SPP environmental hygiene was much appreciated and the personal hygiene of SPP was far better than those of their counterparts in rural areas. The morbidity reporting was very few except for skin diseases. But SPP inmates' knowledge on nutrition and health was very poor. The study findings are encouraging in that the dietary intakes, anthropometry and the knowledge base (nutrition and health) of the SPP beneficiaries are comparable to those of their counterparts in the rural Bangladesh. This implies that without SPP interventions and attention the real life situation for these inmates would have been different. SPP has been trying very hard to bring meaningful changes in the life and living of these destitute.

Mixed ligand transition metal complexes of Cu(II), Co(III), Rh(III) and Pt(IV) ions with dibasic acids viz., diphenic acid and adipic acid as primary ligands and amine bases as secondary ligands have been synthesized. They were characterized by conventional physical and chemical analyses. The antibacterial and antifungal activities have been evaluated for the synthetic ligands. Disc diffusion methods were employed for antimicrobial assays against five pathogenic bacteria and two fungi. The complexes containing 8-hydroxy quinoline as secondary ligand were much more active than the other complexes. In addition, the complex [Rh(DA)(8-HQ)(H 2 O) 2 ] ( 4 ) showed the highest antibacterial activity against all bacteria tested (where, DA = Diphenic acid, 8-HQ = 8-hydroxyquinoline) and the complex [Pt(A) 2 (Q) 2 ] ( 3 ) showed the lowest. On the other hand, he highest inhibition of growth occurred by complex K[Cu(DA)(8-HQ)] ( 1 ) against the fungi Botryodiplodia theobromae and the lowest by complex [Rh(DA)(8-HQ)(H 2 O) 2 ] ( 4 ) against the fungi Colletotrichum gloesparioides . Key words: Biological activity, Diphenic acid, Heterocyclic amine, Mixed ligand complexes doi: 10.3329/dujps.v7i2.2170 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 7 (2): 145-148, 2008 (December)

Mixed ligand transition metal complexes of Cu (II), Co (III), Rh (III) and Pt (IV) ions with dibasic acids viz., diphenic acid and adipic acid as primary ligands and amine bases as secondary ligands have been synthesized. Their conventional physical and chemical analyses have been done. The antifungal activities have been evaluated by Disc Diffusion method employed for antifungal assays against two pathogenic fungi. All the complexes show moderate antifungal activity. The highest inhibition of growth occurred on complex [Cu (DA)(8-HQ)] against the fungi Botryodiplodia theobromae and the lowest on complex [Rh (DA)(8-HQ)(H 2 O) 2 ] against the fungi Colletotrichum gloesparioides penz. Key words: Biological Activity, diphenic acid, heterocylic amine, mixed ligand complexes DOI: 10.3329/diujst.v4i1.4357 Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology Vol.4(1) 2009 pp.57-59