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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a dynamically inducible neurovascular compression syndrome. Clinical diagnosis is often difficult and requires the use of imaging procedures. Imaging is essential in determining the anatomic stuctures undergoing compression, the location of the compression and the anatomic structures responsible for it. Radiographs of cervical spine should be obtained to assess for bone abnormalities. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and sonography in association with dynamic maneuvers are valuable techniques in analyzing the neurovascular compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer deaths worldwide. In recent years through molecular studies and technological improvements, there have been important developments in tumour types and staging and so the chances of curative surgeries have increased. Radiology has an important role in identifying limited or diffuse disease. With the aid of imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pozitron emission tomography (PET), tumor detection, staging, surveillance and postoperative complications can be reported accuratly and safely in patients with lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major function of the diaphragm is to alter the intrathoracic pressure and volume. The diaphragm also functions as a partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavites. The conventional chest radiograph, fluoroscopy, abdominal radiography, ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) are primary diagnostic procedures in determining abnormalities of the diaphragm and surrounding tissues. However, multiplanar CT imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be more useful in differentiating diaphragmatic pathologies from peridiaphragmatic abnormalities. Radiographic findings in the chest wall abnormalities are often nonspecific. CT and MRI have complementary roles in the evaluation of chest wall disorders. MRI may better delineate the extent of more invasive tumors if surgery is planned. Although CT more readly shows small calcifications and bone destruction, it more accurately differentiates cortical bone destruction from masses arising in the ribs, sternum and spine, but MRI is superior for depicting infiltration of bone marrow and the extent of soft tissue involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), a subtype of adenocarcinoma, forms 2.6-4.3% of all lung cancers. BAC shows pure lepidic growth without invasion of stroma, blood vessels or pleura. BAC mostly appears as a peripheral pulmonary nodule; however, the tumor may sometimes present as a segmental, lobar consolidation, and have a multifocal or diffuse pattern. An unusual form of BAC is presented which has well defined, scattered, and sometimes united nodules throughout the lungs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]