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The narrative review addresses the evidence that physical activity can improve the results of prevention and treatment and of the conditions that feature increased risks of their development with aging. The main attention is paid to cancer and problems arising because of physical activity limitations associated with COVID-19 pandemic. To promote physical activity, which is known to reduce the risks of COVID-19 complications and of cancer, it is important to help patients and physicians in understanding the reasons why physical activity can be beneficial, more than the pharmacological means thought to reproduce some of its effects, in cancer prevention and treatment upon all differences between the locations of tumors and the pathways of carcinogenesis. Therefore, the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind the usefulness of physical activity in oncology are discussed. Based on this discussion, data on quantitative relationships between oncological risks, physical activity, and the use of its alleged pharmacological mimetics are addressed. © 2021 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved.

Relevance: The strategy of finding evidence on the use of rehabilitation technologies in patients with lung cancer is based on scientometric analysis. Methods: For the period from 1991 to 2018. Using PICO (T) technology in electronic databases (PEDro, PubMed, Elibrary, Cochrane Library), full-text analysis of 249682 studies was performed. MeSH bibliographic descriptors: «lung cancer», «rehabilitation», «physical therapy». Studies were evaluated on a PEDro scale, which includes 10 parameters of the level of evidence: randomization, endpoint evaluation, blinding, etc. Results: The verified distribution profile of research on the quality of evidence showed that 55.9% of studies had a quality level of 4 to 8 on the PEDro scale. One study had a quality level of 9 points (0.8%). The bulk of research (69%) is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of exercise. Evaluation of the effectiveness of respiratory gymnastics, traditional health practices (Tai Chi, gypsy, yoga, etc.) are devoted to 7.5% of the studies. 6.5% of works are devoted to studying the effectiveness of acupuncture. Analysis of the effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation technology (mainly CPAP), the effects of artificially modified air (aerosol therapy, aerophytotherapy), and therapeutic physical factors of mechanical nature (massage, vibrotherapy) is devoted to 10.8% of studies. The use of technologies of physical rehabilitation measures using electromagnetic factors is devoted to 3.2%. In 2% of the studies, an assessment of the effectiveness of respiratory gymnastics was presented, and in a number of works, such technologies of physical rehabilitation, which are gaining popularity in the rehabilitation of patients with lung cancer, have been studied as kinesio-taping and audio-visual relaxation (1% each). Conclusion: Clinical recommendations developed on the basis of the obtained results will form the basis of a new, evidence-based stage in the development of the rehabilitation of patients with lung cancer in Russia.